LIBRARY OF CO^iGRESS. 



Shelf.H3.a... 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



LaReifoluGiondelVleiiGO 

Y EL IMPERIALISMO YANQUI 

POR 

GONZALO G. TRAYESf ^^^ 

ESCRITOR MEXICANO 

DE LA «Asociaci6n de Periodistas Metropolitanos» 

DE LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO 



19 14 




BARCELONA 
CASA EDITORIAL MAUCCI 

Gran mcdalla de oro en las Exposiciones de Viena de 1903, Madrid 
1907, Budapest 1907 y gran premio en la de Buenoa Aires 1910 

MALLORCA, 166 



BUENOS AIRES, Maucci Hermanos, Sarmiento, 1057 al 1065 



78 



ES PROPIEDAD DE ESTA CASA EDITORIAL 



Compuesto ea maquina Typograph 



tJvEHlC^^ 



It still waves 




Forever float that standard sheet 



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THE 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

OF 

AMERICAN PROGRESS. 

A NON-PARTISAN REFERENCE MANUAL 

OF 

FACTS AND FIGURES, 

FROM THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA TO THE PRESENT TIME. 

HISTOKICAL, DOCUMENTARY, 

BIOGRAPHICAL, FINANCIAL, 

STATISTICAL, POLITICAL. 

.^ 

Edited by E. O. HAVEN, D.D., LL.D., 

LateChauoellorot Syracuse Uuiversity, N. Y., formerly Presidout of tbe 

North Western Uuiversity, Illinois, and President of Michigan 

(Ann Arbor) State University. 

^,: ENLARGED AND REVISED BY 
Hon. tVe. WILLSON, and j! SANDERSON, D.D., 

Editorial Staff N. Y. World, Editor Pulpit Treasury. 



ILLUSTRATED. 



NEW YORK : 
E. B. TREAT, 771 BROADWAY, 

1888. 




t> 



COPTRiaHT, 
E. B. TREAT, 

1876-1888. 



INTRODUCTION. 



We present in this volume a collection of 
the most important facts in American history — 
just the facts that every intelligent citizen de- 
sires to have at ready command. As a fitting 
introduction to it we give a brief memoir of the 
''Father of his Country," "first in war, first in 
peace, first in the hearts of his countrymen," 
the immortal Washington ; using that as a kind 
of thread on which to string some facts and 
thoughts that tend to show the magnitude and 
magnificence of the wondrous revolution in the 
politics of the world, of which, what we call the 
American Revolution was the centre, and George 
Washington the most conspicuous figure. 




^:^i^-a<:>*-? 



OS ^ 




g CO:N"TE^TS j 

HISTORICAL. 

PAGE. 

Outlines of American Progress, by E. O. Haven, D.D., LL.D 11 

Chronology of important events from the discovery of America 41 

King Philip's War,— causes and results of 42 

Pequot War,— causes and results of 42 

Bacon's Rebellion,- causes and results of 42 

Queen Anne's War,— causes and results of 45 

King William's War,— causes and results of 43 

King George's War,— causes and results of 44 

French and Indian Wai , —causes and results of 44 

Revolutionary War,— causes and results of 45 

Continental Congress— Presidents and Sessions of 55 

History of the Confederation 57 

Articles of Confederation 58 

Important Events of each year, from the formation of the government, 

chronologically arranged, under each administration 144 

Whisky Rebellion in Pa.,— causes of 156 

War with Tripoli,— causes and results of 156 

Second War with England, 1812, —causes and results of 162 

Hartford Convention,— its object 163 

Anti-Masonic Excitement,— causes of 176 

Tiie Black Hawk War on the frontier 180 

The Seminole War in Florida 180 

The Canadian Rebellion,— causes of 185 

Mexican War,— causes and results of 195 

Our National Domain, and how acquired 296 

History of each State and Territory 300 

Civil War, 1861-65,— causes of 408 

History of our Flag, by Hon. J. T. Headley 400 

Important Events of the Rebellion, exclusive of Battles 408 

History of the Tariff with rates and revenue .... 508 

BIOGRAPHICAL. 

COMPRIsma THE LIVES OP 

George Washington, 1st President 144 

John Adams, Vice-President, aud 2d President 150 

Thomas Jefferson, Vice-Pres., and 3d President 154 

Aaron Burr, Vice-President 155 

James Madison, 4th President 1.59 

George Clinton, Vice-President... 160 

James Monroe, 5th President 167 

Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President 1 69 

John Q. Adams, Vice-President, and 6th President 172 

John C. Calhoun, Vice-President 174 

Andrew Jackson, 7th President 177 

Martin Van Buren, Vice-President, and 8th President 178, 182 

Richard M. Johnson, Vice President 184 

Wm. H. Harrison, 9th President 187 

John Tyler, Vice-President, and 10th President 189 

James K. Polk, 11th President 193 

Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President 194 



8 CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Zachary Taylor, 12th President 198 

Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, and 13th President 199 

Franklin Pierce, 14th President 202 

Wra. R. King, Vice-President 203 

James Buchanan, 15th President 206 

John C. Breckenridge, Vice-President 208 

Abraham Lincoln, 16th President 212 

Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President 214 

Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, and 17th President 214 

Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President 219 

Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President 221 

Henry Wilson, Vice-President 221 

Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President 227 

Wm. A. Wheeler, Vice-President 229 

James A. Garfield, 20th President 234 

Chester A. Arthur, Vice-President, and 21st President 237 

Grover Cleveland, 22d President 242 

Thos. A. Hendricks, Vice-President 242 

DOCUMENTARY. 

List of Pilgrim Passengers on the May flower— 1620 40 

The Declaration of Independence, and signers 47 

The Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of America 58 

The Constitution of the United States 74 

Constitutional Amendments,— fifteen 95 

Washington's Inaugural Address 102 

Washington's Farewell Address 109 

The First Prayer in Congress 137 

Slave Ordinances ot 1797, 1820, 1850, and 1854 142 

The Dred Scott Decision of 1854 142 

Jackson's Nullification Proclamation to South Carolina 247 

The Monroe Doctrine 286 

The Neutrality Law of the United States 288 

Hon. S. A. Douglas' great Union Speech, 1860 317 

Alien and Sedition Laws of the United States 152 

Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address 324 

Lincoln's First Call for Troops 342 

War Resolution of the N. Y. Chamber of Commerce 315 

The Amnesty Proclamation 349 

The Blockade Proclamation of 1861 350 

President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation 353 

The Confiscation Act of the Rebellion 357 

Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address 360 

Lincoln's Amnesty Proclamation 364 

President Johnson's Amnesty Proclamation 370 

President Johnson's Peace Proclamation 375 

The Civil Rights Bill of 1866 381 

The Homestead Law of 1862 452 

The Special Electoral Commission Act of Congress of 1876 226 

STATISTICAL. 
Battles of the Revolution, the dates, places of engagement, commanding 

officer, numbers engaged, and loss on each side 138 

Our Navy during the Revolutionary War 140 

Slave Population of the Colonies, in 1715 143 

Slave Population of the United States in 1860 143 

War of 1812; list of battles, with date and place of engagement, com- 
manding ofificers on each side, number engaged, and loss 165 



CONTENTS. 9 

PAGE 

Naval Battles of the War of 1812, with date, where fought, command- 
ing ofQcers, loss, etc 166 

Mexican War ; list of battles, commanding officers, loss, etc 1 97 

Growth of Religious denominations in the U. S 504 

American Progress of Railroad and Steamship building 501 

Health Report statistics ; death rate of leading cities 505 

U. S. Census, the Population at each decade 298 

18S0 Census of the largest cities of the United States 299 

List of principal Treaties of the United States 316 

Table showing the Number of Troops furnished by each State, 1861-65. 341 

Table showing the number of men called into service, 1861-65 344 

Provost Marshal General's Report of the Killed and Wounded, 1861-65. 3T7 

What the Civil War cost. 1861-65. Official Report 380 

Statistics of Emigrants arriving in United States since 1820 392 

Number of Patents issued each year since 1791 393 

Number of patents granted to each mechanical device 394 

Post Offices and miles of Post Roads at each decade 396 

Table of Popular and Electoral Vote for each President 397 

A Ready Reference Perpetual Calendar 398 

List of 600 Battles of the Rebellion, with dates and place of engage- 
ment, commanding officers, and loss on each side 414 

List of 1,400 vessels captured in violation of the Blockade 453 

List of 300 vessels destroyed by Confederate Privateers. 1861 65 486 

Congressional apportionment for each State 495 

The Vote, by States, for President, 1800. '64, '68, '72, '76, '80, '84 496 

The Tariff, a list of Free and Dutiable articles with rates 524 

FINANCIAL. 

Expenses of the Government for each year, from 1791 to date — 144 

The National Debt for each j-ear since 1791 144 

The Exports and Imports of the U. S. for each year since 1791 144 

The Debts of leadinj^ Foreign Nat ions as compared with the U. S . . . . ?91 

Annual Receipts and Expenditm-es of the Patent Office. 393 

The Postal Revenue and Expenses of the U. S. for each decade 396 

Tariff rates, Revenue and Comparative summary 526 

POLITICAL. 
Electoral Vote for President and Vice-President, 1st and 2d term of 

the first (Washington's) Administration 147 

The Candidates and Electoral Vote of each of the 2d (Adams') Adm . . . 152 

The same of the 3d (Jefferson's) Administration 156 

" 4th (Madison's) " 161 

" " 5th (Monroe's) " 169 

The party Candidates, Popular and Electoral Vote of each for Presi- 
dent and Vice-President of the 6th (J. Q. Adams') Admiustration. 175 

The same of the 7th (Jackson's) Administration 179 

" '• 8th (Van Buren's) Administration 185 

•• " 9th (Harrison and Tylers) Administration 190 

" " IDth (Polk's) Administration 195 

" " 11th (Taylor and Fillmore's) Administration 200 

" 12th (Pierce's) Administration 204 

" " 13th (Buchanan's) Administration 208 

" " 14th (Lincoln and Johnson's) Administration 215. 

" 15th (Grant's) Administration 222 

" 16th (Hayes) Administration 230 

" " 17th (Garfield and Arthur's) Administration 238 

" 18th (Cleveland's) Administration 213 

Appendix giving Political matter pertaining to the Campaign of 1888. . . 533 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



On the 22d of February, 1732, or, as it was then des- 
ignated, the 11th of February, in a small, 

Birth of Wash- but comfortable farm-house on the shore 
ington. 

of the Potomac, in the county of West- 
moreland, Virginia, was born the oldest child of 
Mary and Augustine Washington. 

Little did the parents imagine that the name 
which they should select for this boy would become 
celebrated in history, oratory, and poetry, and be a 
household word in many lands and in many lan- 
guages. There was nothing in the outward appear- 
ance to indicate such a glory. The Washingtons 
were, indeed, a respectable family of the English 
aristocracy. The great-grandfather of the little boy 
was an English knight, who, however, made no use 
of his title after coming to the wilds of Virginia. 
They possessed large estates and a plentv of servants, 
and commanded all the comforts that could well be 
secured in the new province so far away fro/a the 



12 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

centres of civilized life. Bat there was no prospect 
that this little American infant would inherit a title 
of nobility, and the prophecy of his acliieving a dis- 
tinction that should leap over national boundaries, 
and command the eulogies ot the best minds in all 
countries, would have been regarded as the foolish 
fancying of a necromancer unworthy of a moment 'fi 
hearing. 

But at this time there was a notable American who 
was soon to be regarded as the foremost 
FrankT*^" philosopher of his generation, Benjamin 
Franklin. Already he had struggled up 
through great difficulties and made himself an ac- 
complished scholar. His " Poor Richard's Almanac " 
was in thousands of homes. He was improving the 
fire department and the government of Philadelphia. 
He was planning for the foundation of a university. 
He was just about to enter upon some investigations 
of that mysterious force which attracts light bodies 
to amber and glass when rubbed, then repels them, 
and was soon to succeed in quietly drawing down 
Jove's thunderbolt from heaven, and thus write his 
name in the sky, to be read of all men. But the little 
infant, whom we have left, as yet unnamed, knew 
nothing of all that. Like other babies, he was pass- 
ing through the first of the Seven Ages of man : 
** Mewling and puking in his nurse's arms." 



AMERICA2r PBOGRESS. 18 

We leave him there for the present, and will take 

a rapid survey, first of the shadowy un- 
North Amer- ^ , , -, i ^i x 

xviiiSf organized land or lands subsequently to 

Century. become the United States of America, and 
then glance at Europe, where the influence of this 
young Washington and his associates will yet be al- 
most as great as in their own land. North America 
at that time did exist. It had been lifted fi-om the 
ocean, but for want of the woodman's axe and the 
shovel, directed by the engineer, a much larger part 
of it, than now, was an unbroken wilderness. It was 
an almost impenetrable forest. Wild beasts roamed 
over the most of it, occasionally chased by a few 
straggling Indians, who divided their time between 
hunting the beasts and hunting each other. The 
French held what there was then of Canada and 
Michigan, and also Louisiana at the mouth of the 
Mississippi, and claimed the whole of that river, and 
all west of it, although no one knew how much or 
?^hat was the nature of the territory claimed. Flor- 
ida was held by the Spaniards. South America had 
a larger population of European origin than North 
America. Mexico was stronger than New York. 

The English flag floated over thirteen surviving 
North-American colonies, several having already per- 
ished, and all of the thirteen having been more 
than onre on the verge of extinction. All New Eng- 



14 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

land, embracing the four colonies, Massachusetts, 
New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Connecticut had 
about 375,000 inhabitants ; New York had only 
100,000, a majority of whom were Dutch ; Pennsyl- 
vania 250,000; all the rest about 300,000; all 
together had about one million, — less than the popu- 
lation of New York city in 1876 ; less than one 
twentieth of the population of the United States 
in the year 1850 ; less than one fortieth of the 
population of the United States in the centennial 
year of their history, 1876. America was then con- 
temptible in the eyes of the world. Glowing pic- 
tures of its future greatness were sometimes im- 
agined, but in present resources it was too feeble to 
tempt the robber or even the tax-gatherer. The col- 
lection of any revenue from America would have cost 
more than the income. Had it been a nation it would 
have held about the same rank among the nations aH 
Greenland, Iceland or the Sandwich Islands to-day. 
The one million of people in the thirteen coloniea 
were gathered into a few villages, or scat- 
the pioneer tered in rural settlements along the ocean 

Americans. i mi i • 

shore, widely separated. Ine colonies 
were not even connected by passable roads. Glance at 
them I There are no regular postal or mail arrange- 
ments. It were a voyage longer and more perilous 
to go from Massachusetts to Georgia, than now to 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 15 

circumnavigate the globe I Wild beasts roam over 
most of the great region afterwards to be known as 
the State of New York. There are only three col- 
leges in America, and these not equal to a modern 
village high school. There is not a school in all the 
thirteen colonies where a girl can receive a good 
English education. There is not a machine factory 
in America superior to a country blacksmith's shop. 
Foreign commerce is almost unknown. Coasting 
commerce is trivial. There are no woollen mills. 
The cotton plant is not yet cultivated in America, 
and cotton clotli is almost as expensive as silk — and 
both are practically unknown. The little paper used 
is brought from England. There are only six news- 
papers published in all North America. The ^\ hole 
number of subscribers for the six is probably not 
more than twelve thousand. The men are mostly 
olad in linsey-woolsey, spun and woven by their 
wives and mothers, dyed with different colors ex- 
tracted from the leaves and roots of certain vegeta- 
bles found in the forest, and the women are largely 
clad in the same material ; and every family has a 
dye pot, as common as a water pail. Many families 
partake of their daily mush or Indian pudding out 
of one common dish in the centre of the table. What 
few dishes they have are wooden or pewter. The 
ploughs are wooden. Shovels and hoes, heavy and 



16 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

scanty, are all the other agricultural implements. 
The men have flint-lock muskets to hunt with, which 
act so slowly that a wild duck has time to dive and 
dodge the shot after hearing the click of the lock. 
Wheeled vehicles are scarce, and the wheels are 
solid, sawn from the end of logs. Log houses are the 
common habitations. The Indians are about as 
numerous as the whites. 

But if we look at this people more carefully, we 
shall find some gleams of light that startle 
^gPecjliar yg ^ith their flashing promise of brillian- 
cy, if only this diamond can be freed with- 
out breaking from the rough coating about it. " Of 
what use," inquired a blockhead, sometimes called a 
practical man, of Franklin, " is your new discovery ? " 
" Of what use," said Franklin in reply, " is a new 
born baby ? " The American colonies were then a 
babe. Born in the wilderness, to be strengthened by 
toil, if by a favoring Providence it survives the dan- 
gers of infancy. These Americans were then an an- 
omaly in the world. In all history there had never 
been a phenomenon like this. The world was never 
prepared before for such a growth. 

Rome was founded in like manner, but Romulus 
and Remus, fabled to have been suckled by a wolf, 
and their companions, were pagan fugitives from 
justice, and not Christians, desiring liberty to worship 



AMERICAN PROGaBSS. 17 

and obey God according to their own sense of right. 
Greece had been settled by adventurers, but both 
Greek and Roman pioneers hastened to declare them- 
selves masters and to reduce to slavery the large 
mass of the population around them. These earlj 
Americans were free simply because they were neg- 
lected. The mother country seldom interfered with 
them, usually for injury, never for protection or ben- 
efit. Some of the colonies chose their own governors 
and all their magistrates ; others were partially gov- 
erned or embarrassed by foreign officers. They reg- 
ulated their own churches. They made their own 
internal improvements. They established their own 
schools. They imposed taxes upon themselves. 
They were the outgrowth of the most advanced par- 
ties in Europe. They had inherited the thought and 
culture of ages. They were sifted out of England 
and other nations to try an experiment on a virgin 
soil. They had left the privileged classes, the aris- 
tocracy, behind. They were a band of workingmen^ 
with well educated, Christian leaders. 

By consequence they were disciplined. They were 
educated. They were democratic republicans. They 
never had a real war with each other. Some little 
disputes arose, but the magistrates and ministers 
usually settled them without bloodshed. They were 
compelled to fight often with the wily savages around 

2 



18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

them. The mother country forced them iuto a war 
with their sister French colonies, but they had no 
heart for it, and had the dispute been left to those 
who lived on this continent, it would have been set- 
tled without bloodshed. They were at that vei^ 
time, though poor, yet the freest j)eople in the 
world . 

Let us leave then the infant Washington to grow 
up amid the peculiar strifes and ambitions and toils 
of the little colony of less than a hundred thousand 
people a while longer, and now extend a glance over 
the continent of Europe. 

At this time, from 1732, Washington's birth year, 

to 1776, the great American Republic's 

in^EimJpe!^^^ birth year, there was no great Republic 

on the soil of Europe, or nation, in 

which the whole people governed themselves. 

Switzerland had a population of about one million 
mountaineers, like the North American Indians, di- 
vided into about twenty tribes, partially confedei^ 
ited, often at war with each other, consisting oi 
nobles and peasantry, the people not voters — and 
enly a republic in the sense that it was not a mon- 
archy. It is now a republic, and some historians 
falsely say it was then a republic. 

The little republic of Andorra, now so-called, was 
about equal to an average American township, and 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 19 

was really an aristocracy ; while San Marino was 
another little township, governed by a self-elected 
council, who held office for life. 

A]] the rest of the continent of Europe — practi> 

cally all of Europe — was divided into hos- 
fca^opean ^^^ nations, over each of which presided 

a monarch. The nobles had some privi- 
leges ; the people were practically slaves. The great 
business of the men of Europe was to fight. They 
fought, and then rested long enough to take breath, 
and to let a new crop of boys grow up to be soldiers, 
and then fought again. Well might Hobbes, the ec- 
centric English philosopher, picture human society 
as a huge leviathan, and promulgate the theory that 
the natural state of man is war. The monarchs were 
contending with the nobles, and every nation with 
every other nation. Treaties broke like rotten 
withes. The promises of a prince were empty air. 
Diplomacy was synonymous with deception. Talley- 
rand's maxim was but an embodiment of actual prac- 
Uce : "The great object of speech is to conceal 
thought." Macchiavelli was the most popular politi- 
cal authority, whose book, entitled " The Prince," is 
such an awful embodiment of diabolism that men 
of the XlXth century are inclined to regard it as 
ironical, but in that age princes subscribed to it as 
true. One of his maxims was : " Providence is 



20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

always favorable to the powerful, who possess 
neither shame nor conscience, and withholds its 
protection from the weak.'' " Might makes right " 
was the law of European monarchs. Especially in 
the XVIIIth century despotism touched bottom in 
Europe. It was equally base with ancient Roman 
and later Oriental tyranny. 

The late invention of the art of printing, the 
gradual increase of the relative number of readers, 
the discussion of religious questions in which an ap- 
peal was made to the Bible, did, however, gradually 
put the despots on the defensive, and tended to 
arouse a growing active party, who were inclined, in 
the disputes between the monarchs and the nobles, 
to make the best terms possible with one or the 
other, and so a new and strange contest for liberty 
arose. In the meaniinie, in many nations the prisons 
were full, and the most of the prisoners died of jail 
fever. In Russia, nine-tenths of the people were 
ilaves ; in Denmark and Germany, and Prussia and 
Austria, and Italy and Spain, and France, it was but 
little better. Nor were these slaves well cared for. 
Their food was coarse and scanty; their comforts 
embraced but little above the common animal grati- 
fications ; and the average length of life was not two- 
thirds as great as it is now in England and th*3 
U»ited States. 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 21 

To this dark picture England formed the greatest 
exception. Though corruption prevailed 
Eiu-ope.^ ^^ ^^ lier politics ; though she was then use- 
lessly laying the foundation of her great 
national debt ; though her Parliament was but an 
imperfect representation of the public opinion ; yet 
speech was more free, law was more impartial, reli- 
gion was less restrained, and the government was 
more sensitive to the wishes of all classes of the peo- 
ple, than in any other great nation. She was then, 
as always, the freest nation in Europe — but very far 
behind what she is to-day. Now, how many centu- 
ries will roll away before right shall triumph over 
wrong, the divine right of tyrants shall be denied, the 
serfs of Russia shall be emancipated, the monarchies 
shall be shaken, written constitutions shall be wrested 
from the monarchs, and some of the largest nations of 
Europe shall be republics ? But for America this could 
not have been accomplished in five hundred years, 
perhaps never. But under the leadership of America 
it was to be accomplished in one hundred years, and 
tlie greatest name in all this stupendous revolution 
was to be the name given to that infant born in a 
Vii'ginia farm-house in 1732, George Washington. 

Once more, then, let us return to him, and see 
how wonderfully Providence prepared a man lor 
so stupendous a work. Of the childhood and youth 



22 NATIONAL HAND-HOOK. 

of Washington little is known. Every American 
Ch'idh d d ^^^ ^^^ heard the story of the hatchet 
WasMngton. and the cherry tree, which by some is 
supposed to be a lie told in the interest of 
truth, reminding us of Mark Twain's interesting re- 
mark that in one respect he was superior to George 
Washington. Washington could not tell a lie, — but, 
said Twain, " I can, but won't ! " In that he half 
represents nearly all Americans. "They can," but 
we fear, like Twain, would tell the greatest lie when 
they say " I won't." 

Washington was, however, truthful, bold, modest, 
chaste, temperate. His whole life, after he became 
a conspicuous object to the people, was never stained 
by a known immorality. It has been said of him 
traditionally that in two instances he swore vigor- 
ously, both times on the battle field, and Wendell 
Phillips expresses his gratification that Washington 
showed the common frailty of human nature in this 
way. Edward Everett, however, examines all the 
evidences and circumstances of tlie traditions, and 
pronounces the traditions unreasonable and untrue. 
It would seem strange that a man not accustomed to 
profanity should begin to practise it under such dif- 
ficult circumstances, but even if he had cursed some, 
we agree with Phillips in excusing him, but do not 
regard it as a wrong. It would not detract fi'om our 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 23 

estimation of the man, for if ever a man could ever 
use properly strong Scriptural language in the fwll 
sense of the words, it would be when a battle was 
about to be lost by the cowardice or imbecility of an 
under officer. Still we doubt if Washington, even in 
such a temptation, swore. He was undoubtedly a 
man capable of wrath, and would have been a feeble 
man without it. Rut in a time of wrath he probably 
spoke as he was accustomed at other times to do. 
His education was accurate, but not extensive. He 
did not go to William and Mary College, the only 
one in the colony, probably bocaui^e his father not 
living, he was needed at home, and he had good pri- 
vate tutors fully equal to the faculty of that young 
college. He had the advantage of the society of his 
uncle, a graduate of Oxford, and he gives evidence 
of having studied the English language carefully, 
and so much of mathematics as to make him an 
accomplished practical surveyor. 

At. the early age of thirteen he had written out a 
series of rules on the conduct and character of a 
gentleman, and to this day it is not known whether 
they were original or compiled. In either case they 
show remarkable accuracy and forethought. Indeed, 
his system and adherence to strict propriety amounted 
to genius in that respect ; in that respect it was evi- 
dently supernormal. 



24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Three of the years that he might have spent in 
college he spent under equally severe discipline in 
the fields as a surveyor, keeping accurate notes of his 
work, and writing a journal of his proceedings. As 
soon as he arrived at manhood he had some se^'ere 
discipline as a military officer against the Indians 
and the French, all of which we pass by, supposing 
that Americans are familiar with the story. 

Who has not heard of the Indian chief who met 
him after he had become famous, but before he was 
President, and exclaiming : " The Great Spirit must 
have saved you ! Three times I and my men aimed 
directly at your heart and fired, but the balls were 
turned aside." 

Washington, after attaining his majority, was 
elected and several times reelected to the Legislature 
of Virginia, till the American revolution broke out, 
and thus enjoyed the advantages of legislative edu- 
cation, than which we know of nothing better 
calculated to drill and develope a man's mental 
powers, especially if he be studious and industrious. 
In this way Washington obtained a thorough educa- 
tion. 

The great story of the American revolution can- 
not be condensed into a paragraph. 
The American 

Eevoiution. jj^^^ ^n ^j^^ colonies demurred at be- 
ing required to give up their ancient privileges ; 



AMERICAN PliOGRESS. 26 

how they remonstrated at paying taxes to the mother 
country without being represented in her councils ; 
how calmly they protested ; how they insisted upon 
it that they desired only their ancient liberties, 
nothing additional, nothing new, and not separation 
from the old country ; how, finally, they were driven 
lo arms by the rebellion of England, not by theii 
own rebellion ; how, then, hired soldiers from other 
lands were sent to drive them into submission ; how 
they called upon Washington to be their commander ; 
and how reluctantly he accepted the post ; but how 
wonderfully he persevered for seven long years, the 
very embodiment of cool and unflinching energy ; 
and how, finally, the British arms being humbled 
and the greater part of their forces being annihilated, 
the wishes of the most liberal minority of her people 
were regarded, and America was declared indepen- 
dent, we shall not further describe. 

America had by this time nearly three million of 
people, but at the close of the war their 

Amerka\fter moval)le property was nearly all destroy- 
the Revolution. p -i i i i ^ i 

ed, nearly every family had lost a member 
in battle, in many families all the men had perished, 
the different colonies were loaded with debts that it 
seemed they could never pay; the soldiers went 
home half-clad and with only paper money in their 
pockets, which was soon not worth five cents on a 



26 NATIONAL llAXU-BUOK. 

dollar; and to complete their sorrows, not yet con- 
solidated into a nation, but dissevered, and perhaps 
soon to be discordant states, Avithout even a common 
dependence or a common government to hold them 
together. 

When the noble fifty-six signed the Declaration of 
Independence, one of them who sat next to Franldic 
turned to him and said: "Mr. Franklin, we must 
hang together now." " Yes, " said Franklin, we 
must hang together, or we will hang separately I " 
It seemed after the Revolutionary war that the states 
who had so nobly hung together during the war, 
were doomed to hang separately in the time of peace. 
We doubt whether an eminent statesman in Europe 
then thought it possible that these struggling states, 
notwithstanding England had withdrawn its forces, 
would ever crystallize into a nation ; or if so it would 
be a monarchy. Indeed Washington was besouglit 
to declare himself a dictator and assume the place of 
% king. The army was ready to obey him. The 
offer was deliberately and formally made. 

Here wa,s exhibited that trait of character in Wasli 
ington which has most astonished tlie 
refused to world, and which has seemed to some al- 

be King. 

most supernatural and has placed the name 
of Washingtor. highest on the roll of fame. Washing- 
ton refused to be a monarch I Not fi'om fear of 



AMERICAN PHOGIJESS. 27 

trouble ; not from a, want of the appreciation of the 
luxury of power, but from pure principle. In this 
he was the highest and noblest embodiment of the 
true American idea. 

In perfect keeping with this same principle, he was 

reluctant to be President when the Cou- 

term of the stitution was adopted and such an officer 

Presidency. 

was required. He was more reluctant 

to serve the second four years, and no amount 
of solicitation could induce him to serve a third term. 
This example is ten fold more sacred than any words 
in the written Constitution ! He was American 
enough to perceive that the nation that can select 
only one man for its chief officer, is not a true Repub- 
lic, and he gracefully retired to private life. So let 
it be forever with all our Presidents. At this time 
he was the most honored man in the world. But 
\iad he been President for life, his name would have 
(junk to a level with ordinary successful chiefs. His 
aame is now known not only in America and Europe, 
but throughout the vast empires of the Orient and in 
the wilderness of Africa. The public opinion of the 
world has been well summed up by one of England's 
most eloquent orators. Lord Brougham, in these 
words : 

" This is the consummate glory of Washington ; 
a tiiumphant warrior, where the most sanguine liad 



28 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

a right to despair; a successful ruler in all the diffi- 
culties of a course wholly untried ; but 
Lord Broug- 
on^\thi?S ^ warrior whose sword only left its sheath 

^°°' when the first law of our nature command- 

ed it to be drawn; and a ruler who, having tasted 
of supreme power, gently and unostentatiously de- 
sired that the cup might pass fi'om him, nor would 
suffer more to wet his lips than the most, solemn and 
sacred duty to his country and his God required." 
*' It will be the duty of the Historian and the Sage 
in all ages to let no occasion pass of commemorating 
this illustrious man ; and until time shall be no more, 
a test of the progress our race has made in wisdom 
and virtue will be derived from the veneration paid 
to the immortal name of Washington." 

What a tribute is this for one of England's most 
celebrated statesmen to pay to the leader of the na- 
tion that won its independence of England by arms ! 

If now it be asked what renders Washington so 
great, much discrimination is needed to frame a i& 

ply- 
Intellectually he was not preeminent. He was care- 
ful, methodical, accurate in his observa- 
Sa?actlr!°'''' tion of men and things, and familiarized 
himself with the sources of power in the 
kinds of employments to which he was called. He 
was a skilful farmer, perhaps the best at that time iu 



AMEKICAN PROGRESS. 29 

America. He was a shiewd legislator, especially in 
the committee room. He was decided in his con- 
victions, but courteous in their enforcement. His 
letters and state papers show a correctness of expres- 
sion, characteristic of an accurate thinker. 

As a military officer, though sometimes defeated, 
and seldom winning decisive victories, he confessedJy 
displayed wonderful power in organizing his forces, 
small or large, and in baffling the purposes of the 
enemy. 

But his chief excellences were rather moral than 
intellectual. His transparent integrity, his self-ab- 
negation, his unyielding firmness, his conciliatory 
manner, his power to select good advisers, and to re- 
pel the turbulent and ambitious, showed him fit- 
ted by Providence to fulfil the demands of America 
in the most momentous hour of her destiny. He 
stands alone, the most conspicuous and the most 
honored leader of the XVIHth century, and unsur- 
passed in any century or any nation of the world. 

And yet it is possible to regard Washington idola- 

trously and foolishly and most unworthily 
Waghington „ . . __... , . 

•houldnotbe lor an American. W ashinsfton s erreat 

worshipped. ° ° 

mission was to lead a revolution which 
was to break down the foolish practice of man-wor- 
ship, which culminates in voluntary submission to 
despotism. We dishonor him most when we worship 



30 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

him or unduly clothe him with a splendor woven hy 
our own fancy. Washington did not make this 
country, nor alone did he save it. He performed his 
part, a noble part, but others also did theirs. We 
are not the worthy citizens of a republic i wo wor 
ship Washington. 

It should be remembered that our Revolutionary 
War was not a rebellion on our part, but 

Republicans , • , • , i . .. i .- 

should wor- a war to maintain old privileges, and if a 
ship only God. ^ r & ' 

rebellion at all, it was on the part of Eng- 
land. England it was that broke the compact. 
Freedom was planted here in the early part of the 
XVIIth century. Washington was not the first tc 
rise in defence of endangered liberties. Others arose 
and debated and pleaded and finally called upon him 
to be the military leader in defence of ancient rights. 
Others did the legislation and furnished the sinews 
of war and aided in the actual contest. Others 
framed the Constitution and organized the nation, 
he, indeed, giving them the aid of his counsel 
and influence. It was America that conquered and 
rose before the world in her majesty — not Washing- 
ton. He was too honest to claim more than belonged 
to him, and we honor him most when we accord to 
him all, and only all, of his high desert. 

A great modern statesman has said that we should 
do better to imitate the patriotic fathers than to 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 31 

eulogize them. Imitate their good qualities indeed 
we should, but the greatest incentive to imitation is 
healthy commendation ; indiscriminate eulogy and 
fulsome flattery are both characteristic of weakness 
\nd senility,- but a clear admiration of the good 
stimulates to like goodness. There have been and 
are many Americans as pure and patriotic as AVash- 
ington, Franklin, and Otis, and Henry and Lee, the 
Adamses, Jefferson, Jackson, Taylor and Lincoln, and 
many who have acted as judges and legislators, and 
thousands not permitted to make their names familiar 
as household words, have been as devoted to justice 
and liberty as he. His greatest glory is that he is the 
best and finest impersonation of the typical American 
idea of manhood I 

His day was not free from contentions and party 
spirit, and corruption and selfishness and the neces- 
sary resistance to evil. Nor is our day free from 
these ; but now, as then, right is triumphing over 
wrong, and hope rather than despair takes the helra 
of State. 

Happy was it for the world that when this conti- 
nent was opened to civilized men, a people were 
ready to be organized out of the leading nations of 
Europe, not to repeat the failures of the past, but to 
embody in concrete form the ripest results of States- 
mansliip and Christianity. Crudely it mav be, feebly, 



32 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

and to some exteut falsely, the experiment began; 
but the good predominated over the evil, and the re- 
sult was a new growth. There was never a Republic 
in tlie modern sense before. Greece was an aristocracy 
or bundle of aristocracies, — the great mass of the 
people of the same color and race being slaves. Rome 
aud the republics of mediaeval times were simply free 
cities governed by aristocracies. America is a con- 
federation of republics into one sovereign Republic. 
It could not have been born till Christianity had 
raised up a proper people. 

It has now completed the first century after its 
consolidation, actually it has had a history of more 
than two centuries and a half, for there has never 
been anything but a republican form of government 
among the whites of North America. During the 
whole of these two centuries and a half it has had 
but one foreign war for conquest, and then gracefully 
gave up the most it had won, and has never been 
overcome in any contest. 

In this century Great Britain has had eight for- 
eisrn wars, France nine, Russia thirteen, 

European o ' 

Snw\fstnTnePi'^^ssia six, and all the great nations of 
un r y ars. jg^^j.Qpg ^bout as many, the United States 

of America has had only two. The most of the 
States of Europe have been engaged in foreign war 
from twenty to fifty years in this century ; the United 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. S8 

States only six years. Every nation in Europe has 
been defeated at least once in this century and lost 
territory by war, the United States has never been 
defeated and never lost territory by war or in any 
other way. She has gained, mostly by purchase, far 
more than half of the territory over which her flag 
now floats. All the nations of Europe have had re- 
bellions during this last hundi'ed years, some as 
many as eight or nine; — the United States has, 
indeed had one, — a stupendous rebellion, which per- 
haps could not have been avoided, but the result of 
which is to enlarge the domain of fi'eedom and to 
demonstrate that the strongest of all governments is 
that which but expresses the will of the people. 

Riots are comparatively unknown, revolutions are 
not attempted ; there is nothing to fight for when all 
imaginary improvements may be tested constitution- 
ally so soon as a respectably large portion of the peo- 
ple desire the experiment. 

We do not deny that there are many evils among 

us, — but we do deny that the form of gov- 

vice Reform ernment is responsible for them. They 

needed. 

are the evils of ignorance, of intemper- 
ance, of licentiousness, of a greed for wealth and 
honor, — all of which exist in all nations, whatever 
the form of government. Republicanism, resting od 
the ehoice of the people, tends to develop respousi 



34 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

bility and self-control and ability to contend against 
these evils. Americans have been nearly over-flooded 
with immigrants who have been attracted to the 
plenty and license of the land. Many of the evils of 
assimilation are temporary. Free speech and part^ 
spirit, as when some liquids are purified by boiling, 
bring all the corruption to the surface. Those who 
only look at the outside are appalled at the appear- 
ance. Some evils have so sweet a taste that it is 
hard to give them up — ^like our present system of ap- 
pointing the incumbents of many civil offices, but a 
Civil Service Reform will yet prevail. 

Education and art are not cultivated as rapidly 
and as thoroughly as their devotees desire, but where 
on the round earth to-day more than in America ? 
Religious teachers are sometimes discouraged, but 
where are they more respectfully listened to than 
here ? And can they not see that compulsory reli- 
gion is not religion, compulsory morality is immor- 
ality? God himself seems to ask nothing higher and 
better than the impartial presentation of good and 
evil, and then let men choose and receive the conse- 
quences ! This is the quintessence of freedom ! This 
is the central idea of Republicanism. 

Let then the celebration of this centennial of the 
great republic deepen our faith in liberty, and inten- 
sify our devotion to the common welfare of man. 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 85 

Julius Caesar, at the head of conquering hosts car- 
ried the Roman eagle to far off lands, 

SeuTkaSo^" writing a glowing history of his own ex- 
Washington ploits, and returning, crossed the Rubicon» 

compared. i i . . 

planted his victorious standards on their 
native soil, and debauched his country's liberty, and 
when the crown was offered him by his foolish flat- 
terers would not decidedly resist the temptation, and 
justly fell, stabbed by the desperate defenders of 
their country's rights. Cromwell relieved his country 
of despotism, but dispersed a Parliament, made him- 
self a perpetual Protector or despot, and sought to 
transmit his power to an imbecile son. Napoleon, in 
spite of the example of Washington, having astonished 
the world by supernatural military and executive 
genius, vainly endeavored to resist the envious com- 
bination of abler despotisms against his new empire, 
and justly fell, and ended his days in exile. But Wash- 
ington alone resisted the seductive temptation of ab- 
solutism, appreciating the rights of a people, carried 
out the teaching of the highest authority : " He that 
loseth his life for my sake " for the sake of truth and 
right, shall find it. 

He has found it. Highest on the pyramid of fame 
his name is chiselled, by his grateful countrymen, 
and confirmed by universal applause ; and a century 
henoe, yes, a thousand centuries hence, no name will 
be found above the naaie of Washington. 



86 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

A century's experiment of a free government, con 
firms the wisdom of the founders of the Republic, 
and sets at naught the predictions of its founders ; 
having emerged from every struggle with a record 
antarnished, and won the confidence and respect of 
the civilized world. 

In growth, we may say unparalleled, its population 
at the organization of the government in 1789, was 
3,929,827. By the census of 1870, it had increased 
to 38,547,229. 

Our territorial area has increased since the nation's 
birth from thirteen original states, bordering on the 
Atlantic, embracing 815,615 square miles, until it 
has spanned the Continent, forming a mighty Re- 
public from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and now 
embraces thirty-eight states and ten territories, with 
an area of 3,678,302 square miles, and includes terri- 
tory formerly belonging to the dominions of England, 
France, Spain, Sweden, Holland, and Russia. 

Equally rapid strides have been made in extending 
our commercial relations at home and abroad. The 
first successful application of steam to navigation in 
1807, has so multiplied that palatial steamers may 
be seen upon every important river and bay. The 
fimt steamer to make the trans- Atlantic voyage was 
In 1819, and they are now numbered by hundreds. 

The commerce of the United States stands second 
among the nations of the world. Our imports in 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 87 

1870 reached upwards of 1315,000,000, and exports for 
the same year amounted to more than $254,000,000. 

The first steam railway went into operation in 
1827, and have since extended their lines until they 
span the continent from shore to shore with a total 
length of 72,623 miles. The electric telegraph was 
first introduced in 1844, and there are now 75,137 
miles in use. 

The resources of the country in agricultural pro- 
ducts, and the mechanical arts, stimulated by the in 
ventive talent and genius of its people, have wonder- 
fully developed. 

In referring to the inventive genius of America, 
Mr. Charles Reade, a writer of whom England may 
be justly proud, says : " Europe teems with the 
material products of American genius. American 
patents print English newspapers, and sew English- 
men's shirts. A Briton goes to his work by Ameri- 
can clocks, and is warmed by American stoves. . . . 
In a word, America is the leading nation in all 
matters of material invention and construction, and 
no other nation rivals or approaches her," 

In 1886, Congress authorized the appointment of 
a Commissioner of Patents, which with one assistant 
was all the help necessary to meet the requirements 
of the Patent Office. Now a force of nearly 400 are 
employed, and issue nearly 20,000 patents annually, 
while the accumulation of models is so great as to 



m NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

demand for their accommodation one of the largest 
public buildings in the world. 

We may justly point with pride to our educational, 
religious, charitable, and humane institutions. It is 
not the design of this article to enter into details, 
and while we recapitulate some of these great 
triumphs in the past, we are not content much of the 
time to look backward. America is still one of the 
youngest nations of the world. We have no fellow- 
ship with those countries whose chief glory is ex- 
humed from the ruins of centuries and milleniums 
that are past. Our motto is Onward ! We welcome 
other nations that are rapidly adopting our principles 
of popular liberty, public education and political 
equality. We bid them welcome to the peaceful 
contest for the highest honors of the centuries to 
come. 

The past is secure. What shall be the future? 
In 1976 the custom of hereditary office holding will 
be obsolete, and all civilized nations will be practi- 
cally republics. All will be confederated, and wars 
will be infrequent. Temptations to crime will be 
lessened, but criminals will be more surely if less 
severely punished. The English language will pre- 
vail over all North America, as well as in other large 
portions of the world. Many new editions of this 
book, or of others of the same kind, will have been 
published ; and there will even then, as now, b« 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 39 

croakers complaining that the present days are not 
as good as the former, and also men of faith and hope 
and enthusiasm, looking for better days to come. 
Read, then, and be happy, for intelligence is an es- 
lential element of genuine American citizenship. 

E. O. H. 



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PASSENGERS ON THE MAYFLOWER. 



LIST OF THE NAMES AND FAMILIES OP THE PILGRIMS WHO CAME 
OVEB FIRST IN 1620. 

One hundred and one passengers left Plymouth, England, in 
the Mayflower, September 6th, 1620, and landed at Plymouth Rock, 
Mass., December 22d, 1620. (December 11th old style.) 

The names here given are in the order Governor Bradford 
placed them in his History of Plymouth Colony, which was first 
given to the public in 1856.* 

Mr. John Carver; who was chosen the first Governor on their 
arrival at Cape Cod. He died the first spring. Katherine, his 
wife; she died a few weeks after her husband. 

Desire Minter; afterwards returned in poor health, and died 
in England. 

John Howland; man-servant, afterwards married the daughter 
of John Tillie, and had ten children. 

Roger Williams; man-servant, died in the first sickness. 

William Latham; a boy, after more than twenty years visited 
England, and died at the JBahama Islands. 

A Maid Servant; who married, and died one or two years after. 

Jasper Moore; who died the first season. 

Mr. William Brewster; their Ruling Elder, lived some twenty- 
three or four years after his arrival. Mary, his wife; died between 
1623 and 1627. Love Brewster, a son; married, lived to the year 
1650, had four children. Wrestling Brewster; youngest son. 

Richard More and brother; two boys placed with the Elder. 
Richard afterwards married, and had four children. His brother 
died the first winter. 

Mr. Edward Winslow; Mr. W., afterv/ards chosen Governor, 
died in 1655, when on a commission to the West Indies. Elizabeth, 
his wife, died the first winter. Mr. W. left two children by a 
second marriage. 

George Soule and Elias Story; two men in Winslow's family. 
G. Soule married and had eight children. E. Story died in the 
first sickness. 

Ellen More; a little girl placed in Mr. Winslow's family, sister 
of Richard More, died soon after their arrival. 

* It is a matter of historic interest, and yet, strange to say. is not recorded 
in any one of a dozen histories and encyclopedias in our library, including 
Bancroft's and Hildreth's extended works; but in Hotten's List of Emi- 
grants to America 1600 to 1700.— [Chicago Weekly Inter-Ocean.] 

4:0a 



40J NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Mb. William Bkadfoed; their second Governor, author of the 
history of the Plymouth Colony [lived to the year 1657]. Dorothy 
his wife; who died soon after their arrival. Governor Bradford 
left a son in England to come afterwards — had four children by a 
second marriage. 

Mb. Isaac Allebton; chosen first assistant to the Governor. 
Mary, his wife; who died in the first sickness. Bartholomew; 
son, who married in England. Remember and Mary, daughters. 
Remember marrfed in Salem, had three or four children. 

John Hood; servant boy, died in first sickness. 

Me. Samuel Fulleb; their physician. His wife and child re- 
mained and came over afterwards; they had two more children. 

William Buttees; servant, died on the passage. 

John Ceaokston; who died in the first sickness. His son, John, 
died five or six years after. 

Captain Myles Standish; who lived to the year 1656; chief in 
military aflfairs. Rose, his wife; died in the first sickness. Cap- 
tain Standish had four sons living in 1650, by a second marriage. 

Mb. Chbistopheb Maetin and his wife, Solomon Pbowee and 
John Langemobe, servants; all died soon after their arrival. 

Me. William Mullens, his wife, Joseph, a son; these three 
died the first winter. Priscilla, a daughter, survived, and mar- 
ried John Alden. Robert Carter, servant, died the first winter. 

Mb. William White; died soon after landing. Susanna, his 
wife, afterwards married to Mr. E. Winslow. Resolved, a son, 
married and had five children. Peregrine, a son, was born after 
their arrival at Cape Cod; he cannot, therefore, be numbered among 
the passengers proper; married and had two children before 1650. 

William Holbeck and Edwaed Thompson, servants; both died 
soon after landing. 

Me. Stephen Hopkins and Elizabeth, his wife; both lived over 
twenty years after their arrival, and had a son and four daughters 
born in this country. Giles and Constantia, by a former marriage, 
had twelve children. Damaris, a son, and Oceanus, born at sea, 
children by the present marriage. 

Edwaed Doty and Edwaed Listee, servants* E. Doty, by a 
second marriage, had seven children; after his term of service 
went to Virginia. 

Me. Richaed Wabben; his wife and five daughters were left, 
and came over afterward. They also had two sons, and the 
daughters married here. 

John Billington; he was not from Leyden, or of the Leyden 
Company, but from London. Ellen, his wife, and John, his son. 



PASSENGERS ON THE MAYFLOWER. 40( 

who died in a few years. Francis, the second son; married, and 
had eight children. 

Edwabd TiLiiiE and Ann, his wife; both died soon after they 
came on shore. Elizabeth, their daughter, afterward married 
John Rowland. 

Fbancis Cooke, who lived until after 1650; his wife and other 
children came afterward; they had six or more children. John, 
his son, afterward married; had four children. 

Thomas Rogers; died in the first sickness. Joseph, his son, 
was living in 1650; married, and had six children. Mr. Rogers' 
other children came afterward and had families. 

Thomas Tinker, wife and son; all died in the first sickness. 

John Rigdale and Alice, his wife; both died in the first sickness. 

James Chilton and his wife; both died in the first sickness. 
Mary, their daughter, lived, married, and had nine children. 
Another married daughter came afterward. 

Edward Fuller and his wife, both died in the first sickness. 
Samuel, their son; married, had four children. 

John Turner, two sons, names not given; all three died in the 
first sickness. A daughter came some years afterward to Salem and 
there married. 

Francis Eaton; Sarah, his wife; she died the first winter; by a 
third marriage he left three children. Samuel, a son, married, 
had one child. 

Moses Fletcher, John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie 
Priest, Edmond Margeson, Richard Britterige, Richard 
Clarke; these seven died in the general sickness. Ihe wife of 
D. Priest came afterward, she being the sister of Mr. Allerton. 

Peter Brown, lived some fourteen years after; was twice mar- 
ried, and left four children. 

Richard Gardiner; became a seaman and died abroad. 

Gilbert Winslow; after living here a number of years, re- 
turned to England. 

John Alden; " a hopeful young man," lived at Southampton; 
married Priscilla Mullens, as mentioned, and had eleven children. 



The last named John Alden and "Priscilla, the Puritan Maiden," 
are celebrated in the poem '* The Courtship of Miles Standish," 
written by the poet H. W. Longfellow, a descendant on his 
mother's side. 




Our National Emblem — The American, or Bald Eag-le, a symbol of 
strencrth and courag-e. The Coat of Arms of the U. S. is composed of the 
Eagle, with outspread wings, guarding a shield of Stars and Strijies, holding 
arrows in one talon and an olive branch in the other, and in its beak the 
motto, "'E Pluribus Unum." 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 41 

IMPORTANT EVENTS OF AMERICAN HISTORY 

PBIOB TO THE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED STATES 
GOVERNMENT. 

860 Iceland discovered by Noddod, an adventurous 

Northman, by accident, and called it Snowlaud. 
864 Flokko attempts to plant a colony on the island (Ice- 
land) : he returns to Norway, after spending the win- 
ter and spring, and pronounces it unfit for habitation. 
874 Iceland settled by a colony from Norway under Earl 
Ingloff, who sought refuge from tyranny at home. 
985 Greenland discovered by Bjarni Herjulf of Norway. 
1000 Newfoundland and Nova Scotia discovered by Leif. 
1002 The Northman, Thorvald, sails for America. 
1170 The Welsh claim the discovery of America by Madog. 
1380 Nicolo Zeoo, a Venetian, sails for America. 
1492 Oct. 12. Christopher Columbus discovered America. 

1497 July 3. Labrador discovered by John and Sebas- 

tian Cabot. 

1498 Coast of North America explored by Sebastian 

Cabot. 

1499 Amerigo Vespucci visited South America. 

1504 Amerigo Vespucci's narration of discovery published. 
1507 The Western Continent first named America. 
1512 April 6. Juan Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. 
1519 The Gulf of Mexico explored ])y Francis de Garay 

1521 Fernando Cortez conquered Mexico. 

1522 Magellen makes the first voyage round the world. 
1534 June. Jaques Cartier discovered the St. Lawrence 

River. 
1541 De Soto discovered the Mississippi River. 
1565 Sept. 18. The Spaniards settled St. Augustine, 

Florida. 
1602 May 24. Bartholomew Gosnold discovered Cape Cod. 



42 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1605 The French settled Port Royal, Nova Scotia. 

1607 May 23. The English settled Jamestown, Vh-ginia. 

1608 July 3. The French under Champlain settled Quebec 

1609 Sept. 21. Henry Hudson discovered the Hudson 

River. 
1614 The Dutch settled New York. 
1616 Tobacco first cultivated in Virginia. 
£.620 Aug. Negro slavery commenced in the EngSsh 

Colonies, at Jamestown, Va. 
— - Dec. 21. Massachusetts settled at Plymouth. 
i.622 April 1. First Indian massacre in Virginia, 
1623 New Hampshire settled at Dover. 

1633 Oct. Connecticut settled at Windsor. 

1634 April 6. Maryland settled at St. Mary's. 

1636 Rhode Island settled at Providence by Roger 

Williams. 
Harvard College founded. 

1637 The Pequot W^ar. — Caused by the murderous 

depredations of this tribe against the Colonists of 
Connecticut. They were totally defeated, and 
those not slain were sold into captivity or joined 
other tribes. 

1638 April. Delaware settled near Wilmington by Swedes. 
1664 Sept. 8. New York became an English Province. 
. New Jersey settled at Elizabethtown. 

1675 July 4. King Phillip's War commenced. — 

Caused by a combination of the New England 
tribes of Indians, with a view to exterminate the 
Whites. The most shocking barbarities were 
perpetrated until the death of their leader — 
Philip — ^by one of his own tribe in 1676. 

1676 Bacon's Rebellion. — Caused by the tyranny of 

Governor Berkeley, of Va., and his refusal to 
protect the lives and property of the Colonisti 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 49 

from the Indian depredations. Public indignation 
was aroused, and, led by Nathaniel Bacon, were 
successful in securing the ends sought. 

1680 Charlestown settled. 

1682 Pennsylvania settled at Philadelphia. 

Aug. 31. Delaware granted to Wm. Penn by the 

Duke of York. 

1686 Dec. 30. Andros arrived at Boston as Governor of 
New England. 

1689 July 7. King William's War commenced. — 

Cause. — Upon the ascension of William and Mary 
to the throne of England, the Protestants of Mary- 
land demanded the Colonial management of the 
Territory. The Roman Catholics, after repeated 
struggles, were overthrown in the province which 
they had planted, and the Established Church of 
England became the religion of the province in 
1692. 

1690 Feb. 8. Schenectady burned by French and Indians. 
1692 " Salem Witchcraft." 

1697 Sept. 20. Close of King William's War, by the 
" Treaty of Ryswick." 

1702 Queen Anne's W^ar commenced. — Cause — 
Spain was in alliance with France against Eng- 
land. The troubles between England and Spain 
induced hostilities between the English Colony of 
South Carolina and the Spanish Province of Flor- 
ida. The English were victorious and gained 
possession of the territory by the treaty of Utrecht 
in 1713. 

1710 Oct. 13. Port Royal, Nova Scotia, taken by the 
English. 

1732 Feb. 22. Washington bom in Westmoreland Coun- 
ty, Virginia. 



44 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1741 " The Negro Plot " in New York. 

1744 King George's War commenced in America. — 

Cause — England under George II. was arrayed 
against France. In America, the struggle was 
carried on between the English and French Colon- 
ists for rights of territorial possession. Nothing 
definite was gained by the devastating land and 
nava_ warfare of four years. Peace was con- 
cluded by treaty at Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. 

1745 June 28. The English captured Louisburg. 

1748 Oct. 18. Close of King George's War by the 
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 

1753 Oct. 31. Washington sent with a letter from Gov. 

Dinwiddle, of Va. 

1754 The French and Indian War commenced. 

— The alleged cause was the encroachments and 
hostile acts of the French, which resulted in the 
settlement of a long-disputed question between Eng- 
land and France for colonial supremacy in Amer- 
ica. England claimed the territory from the 
Atlantic to the Pacific by virtue of the discovery 
of the Atlantic Coast under Cabot. The French 
claimed the interior from the St. Lawrence, Ohio 
and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries to the 
Gulf of Mexico, from their discovery by La Salle 
and other navigators. The English were victorious. 

1755 June. The French expelled from Nova Scotia by 

Monckton. 

July 9. Braddock defeated at the battle of Monon 

gahela. 

1756 May 17. War declared against France by Great 

Britain. 

Aug. 14. Oswego taken by the French under 

Montcalm. 



OF AMERICAN PROGKESS. 45 

1757 Aug. 9. Fort Wm. Henry surrendered to Montcalm. 

1758 July 6. Lord Howe killed in a skirmish near Ti- 

conderoga. 

July 26. Amherst and Wolfe take Louisburg. 

1759 The French abandoned Ticonderoga and Crown 

Point. 

July 25. Niagara surrendered to the English under 

Johnson. 

Sept. 18. Quebec surrendered to the English. 

1760 April 28. The French attempted to recover Quebec. 

Sept. 8. Canada surrendered to the English. 

1763 Feb. 10. Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

1765 March 8. Parliament passed the Stamp Act. 

Oct. 7. A Colonial Congress met at New York. 

1766 March 18. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. 
1770 Marcli 5. " The Boston Massacre." 

1773 Dec. 16. Tea thrown overboard at Boston, 

1774 March. Parliament passed the " Boston Port Bill." 

Sept. 5. " The First Continental Congress " met at 

Philadelphia. 

1775 April 19. The Revolutionary War. First 

battle at Lexington. Causes — See Declaration 
of Independence. 

1776 July 4. The Independence of the United States 

of America declared. For list of battles, see 7a- 
hh of Contents. 

1778 Feb. 6. France acknowledges the Independence of 

America. 

Treaty of Alliance of the United States with France- 

1779 Sept. 23. Paul Jones' naval battle off the coast of 

England. 
1781 July 10. French fleet arrived at Newport, R.I. 

Oct. 2. Execution of Major Andr^ at Tappan, N.Y. 

1781 Oct. 19. Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. 



46 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1782 Nov. 30. Preliminary articles of peace signed at 

Paris. 

1783 April 19. Cessation of hostilities proclaimed in the 

American army. 

July 11. British evacuated Savannah, Georgia. 

Sept. 3. Definitive treaty of peace signed at Paris. 

- Nov. 3. American army disbanded. 

Nov. 25. British evacuated New York. 

Dec. 23. Washington resigns bis commission. 

1784 The Tenth Continental Congress met at Trenton- 

1785 John Adams first Minister to EngUmd. 

1786 Shay's Rebellion in Massachusetts. 

1787 Sept. 11. Constitution of the United States adopt- 

ed by the Convention of Delegates at Philadel- 
phia. 

1788 Catton 5rst pdanted in Virginia. 

For the leading events of each succeeding year, see each 
administration. 



^^^^'^ 







' mm.: h 





THE MAYFLOVVER. From a Model in Pilgrim Hall. 







PLYMOUTH ROCK. PILGRIM HALL, PLYMOUTH, MASS. 



THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 

A KKaoLUTiON of the Congress of the United 
Colonies was passed June 11, 1776, appointing a 
committee of five to draft a Declaration — consist- 
ing of Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin 
Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert R. Livingston. 

Thursday, July 4, 1776. 
Agreeable to the order of the day. Congress 
resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole to 
consider the Declaration, President John Hancock 
of Mass., in the chair. The Secretary, Benj. Har- 
rison of Va., reported that the committee had 
agreed upon a Declaration ; which was read and 
adopted as follows : — 

When, in the course of human even-ts, it becomes 
necessary for one people to dissolve the political 
bands which have connected them with another, and 
to assume among the powers of the earth the separate 
and equal station to which the laws of nature and of 
uature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the 
opinions of mankind requires that they should declare 
the causes which impel them to the separation. 
47 



^^ NATION A.L HAND-BOOK. 



We hold these truths to be self-evident ; —that all 
men are created equal ; that thej are endowed by 
their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that 
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- 
piness ; that to secure these rights, governments arQ 
iristitnted among men, deriving tlieir just powers 
from the consent of tlie governed; that whenever any 
form of government becomes destructive of these 
ends it is tlie right of tlie people to alter or to abolish 
it, and to institnte a new government, laying its 
foundation on such principles, and organizing its 
powers in sucli form, as to them shall seem most 
likely to effect theii- safety and happiness. Prudence, 
indeed, will dictate tliat governments long estab- 
lished siiould not be changed for light and transient 
causes; and accordingly all experience hath sliown 
that mankind are more disposed to suffer, wliile evils 
are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing 
the forms to which they are accustomed. But when 
a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursujig 
invariably the same object, evinces a design to 
reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their 
right, it is their duty, to throw off such government 
and to provide new guards for their future security 
Such has been the patient sulfernnce of these col- 
onies; and Rucli is now the necessity which con - 
strains them to alter their former system of govern- 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 49 

ment. The history of the present King of Great 
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- 
tions, all having in direct object the establishment of 
an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove 
this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- 
some and necessary for the public good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of 
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended 
in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; 
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to 
attend to them. 

He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- 
modati(jn of large districts of people, unless those 
people would relinquisli the right of representation 
in the legislature — a right inestimable to them, and 
formidable to tyrants only. 

He has called together legislative bodies at places 
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi- 
tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of 
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, 
for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on 
the right of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such disso- 
lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the 
l^islative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 



50 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

returned to the people at large for their exercise ; 
the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to 
all the danger of invasion from without and convul- 
sions within. 

He has endeavored to prevent the population of 
these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws 
for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass 
others to encourage their migration hither, and 
raising the conditions of new appropriations of 
lands. 

He has obstructed the administration of justice, 
by refusing his assent to laws for establishing 
judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on liis will alone 
for the tenure of their offices and the amount and 
payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and 
sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people 
and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand- 
ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military indepen- 
dent of and superior to the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a 
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac- 
knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their 
acts of pretended legislation, — 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 51 

For quartering large bodies of armed troops 

ong us : 

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pan- 
isbmeut for any murders which they should commit 
on the inhabitants of these States : 

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
world : 

For imposing taxes on us without our consent : 

For depriving us, in many cases, of tlie benefits 
of trial by jury : 

For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for 
pretended offences : 

For abolishing the free system of English law in 
a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- 
trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so 
as to render it at once an example and fit instrument 
for introducing the same absolute rule into these 
colonies : 

For taking away our charters, abolishing our 
most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the 
forms of our government: 

For suspending our own legislatures, and declar- 
iug themselves invested with power to legislate for 
us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here by declaring 
Ofi out of his protection, and waging war against us 

H<» has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 



52 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our 
people. 

He is at this time transporting large armies of 
foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, 
desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circum- 
Btances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in 
the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the 
head of a civilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken 
captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their 
country, to become the executioners of their friends 
and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst 
us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants 
of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose 
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- 
tion of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions we have peti- 
tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our 
petitions have been answered only by repeated 
injury. A prince whose character is thus marked 
by ever}^ act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to 
be the ruler of a free people. 

Kor have we been wanting in attention to our 
British brethren. We have warned them, from time 
to time, of attempts made by their legislature to 
extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We 



DECLARAllON OF INDEPENDENCE. •'>3 

have reminded them of the circumstancea of our 
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed 
to their native justice and magnanimity, and we 
have conjured them, by the ties of our common Itin- 
dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would 
inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- 
dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of 
justice and consanguinity. We must therefore 
acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep- 
aration, and hold them, as we liold the rest of man- 
kind, enemies in war — in peace, friends. 

We, therefore, the representatives of the United 
States of America, in General Congress assembled, 
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for 
the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and 
by the authority of the good people of these colonies, 
solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- 
onies are, and of good right ought to bCj free and 
independent States ; that they are absolved from all 
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political 
connection between them and the State of Great 
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and 
that, as free and independent States, they have full 
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli- 
ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts 
and things which independent States may of right 
do. And for the sup^^v/rt of this declaration, with a 



54 



NATION'AL HAND-BOOK 



firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, 
we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, 
and our sacred honor. 

Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress. 

JOHN HANCOCK, President. 

Attested, Charles Thompsoist, Secretary. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Josiah Bartlett, 
William Whipple, 
Matthew Thornton. 

MASSACHUSETTS BAY. 

Samuel Adams, 
John Adams, 
Robert Treat Paine, 
Eldridge Gerry. 

RHODE ISLAND, ET( 

Stephen Hopkins, 
William Ellery. 

CONNECTICUT. 

Roger Sherman, 
Samuel Huntington, 
William Williams, 
Oliver Wolcott. 

NEW YORK. 

William Floyd, 
Philip Livingston, 
Francis Lewis, 
Lewis Morris. 

NEW JERSEY. 

Richard Stockton, 
John Witherspoon, 
Francis Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 
Abraham Clark. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Robert Morris, 
Benjamin Rush, 
Benjamin Franklin, 
John Morton, 
George Clymer, 
James Smith, 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

George Taylor, 
James Wilson, 
George Ross. 

DELAWARE. 

Caesar Rodney, 
George Read, 
Thomas M'Kean. 

MARYLAND. 

Samuel Chase, 
William Paca, 
Thomas Stone, 
Charles Carroll, of CarrolltoB 

VIRGINIA. 

George Wythe, 
Richard Henry Lee, 
Thomas Jefferson, 
Benjamin Harrison, 
Thomas Nelson, jr., 
Francis Lightfoot Lee, 
Carter Braxton. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

William Hooper, 
Joseph Hewes, 
John Penn. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Edward Rutledge, 
Thomas Heyward, jr., 
Thomas Lynch, jr., 
Arthur Middleton. 

GEORGIA. 

Button Gwinnett, 
Lyman Hall, 
George Walton. 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 55 

CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 
1774 TO 1789. 

PRESIDENT. DATE. CONGRESS MET Al 

Peyton Randolph, Vu. . .5th Sept., 1774 Philadelphia. 
Hdnry Middleton, S. C. . .22nd Oct., 1774 " 

Peyton Randolph, V.i. . .10th May, 1775 " 

John Hancock, INIuss. . . .21lli JMay, 1776 r)altimore. 

r Philadelphia. 
Henry Lamcns, 8. C. . . .1st Nov. 1777 < York, Pa.; 

1^ Lancaster, Pa. 

John Jay, N. Y lUth Dec, 1778 Philadelphia. 

Samuel Huntington, Conn. 28th Sep., 1778 " 

Thomas McKean, Del. . .lUtli July, 1781 « 

John Hanson, Md 5th Nov., 1781 " 

Elias Boudinot, N. J. . . .4th " 1782 " 

Princeton, N. J. 
nna])olis, Md. 
Richard Henry Lee, Va. . .30th Nov., 1784 Trenton. 
Nathaniel Gorham, Mass. 6tli Jan., 1786 New York. 
Arthur St. Clair, Pa. . . .2nd Feb., 1787 " 

Cyrus Griffin, Va. 22ud Jan., 1788 " 

The first Congress under the Constitution met at New 
York, March 4, 1789 ; Geo. Washington inaugurated Presi- 
dent. The seat of Government was removed to Washington, 
D. C, in 1800. 



Thomas Mifflin, Pa. . . . 3rd " 1783 -j 



OF AMEllICAN PKOOBESS. 57 



HISTORY OF THE CONFEDERATION OF 
THE COLONIES. 

The first steps toward the organization of the 
United States of America dates back to an assembly 
of Delegates from the several North American Colo- 
nies, which met at Carpenter's Hall, Pliiladelphia, 
Sept. 5th, 1774, and styled themselves a Congress. 
Its object was to discuss the grievances of Great 
Britain, and to enact measures for self-protection. 
Each Colony was entitled to one vote. The Confed- 
eration constantly gained in strength and in public 
confidence. British aggressions became intolerable ; 
and, July 2d, 1774, the Continental Congress re- 
solved " That these United Colonies are and of right 
ought to he Free and Independent States," &c. ; and 
on Thursday, July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of In- 
dependmice was agreed upon, and read to the public 
July 8th. On the 9th of Sept., 1776, by resolution 
of Congress, the words " United Colonies " was 
changed to " The United States of America.*' 

The Articles of Confederation and perpetual un- 
ion of the United States of America was agreed to 
November 15th, 1777, subject to the ratification of 
the several State Legislatures, the last of which rat- 
ified the same March 1st, 1781. 



58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND PER- 
PETUAL UNION OF THE STATES. 

To all whom these Presents shall coine, We, the undersigned 
Delegates of the States affixed to our names, send greeiirt^ ■ — ■ 
Whereas, the Delegates of the United States of America, in 
CcQgress asseihbled, did, on the 15th day of November, in the 
Year of our Lord, 1777, and in the Second Year of the Inde- 
pendence of America, agree to certain Articles of Confedera- 
tion and Perpetual Union between the States of New Hamp- 
shire, Massachusetts LJay, llhode Island and Providence Plantar 
tions, Connecticut, New York, Ne\v Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Delaware, Maryland, Vii-ginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
and Georgia, in the words following, viz. : 

" Articles of CuuJ'ederatiun ((ud Perpetual Union between the 
States of Neio Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island 
and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, Neu 
Jersey, Pcnnsijlcania, DeUi(carc, Maryland, Virginia, North 
Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 

Article 1. The style of this Confederacy shall 
be *' The United States of America." 

AiiTiCLE 2. Each State retains its sovereigntyj 
freedom and independence, and every power, juris- 
diction and right, which is not by this confederation 
expressly delegated to the United States in Congress 
assembled. 

Article 3. The said States hereby severally 
enter into a firm league of friendship witli eacl> 
other, for their common defence, the security of their 
liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, bind- 
ing themselves to assist each other against all force 
offered to, or attacks inade upon them, or any oi 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 59 

them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or 
any other pretense whatever. 

Article 4. The better to secure and perpetuate 
mutual friendship and intercourse among the people 
of the different States in this Union, the free inhab- 
itants of each of these States — paupers, vagabonds, 
and fugitives from justice excepted — shall be entitled 
to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in 
the several States ; and the people of each State shall 
have free ingress and regress to and from any other 
State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of 
trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, im- 
positions and restrictions, as the inhabitants thereof 
respectively, provided that such restriction shall not 
extend so far as to prevent the removal of property, 
imported into any State, to any other State of which 
the owner is an inhabitant ; provided, also, that no 
imposition, duties or restriction shall be laid by any 
State on the property of the United States, or either 
of them. 

If any person guilty of, or charged with treason, 
felony, or other high misdemeanor in any State, shall 
flee from justice, and be found in any of the United 
States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor, or 
executive power of the State from which he fled, 
be delivered up and removed to the State having jur 
isdiction of his offense. 



60 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Full faith and credit shall be given in each 
of these States, to the records, acts, and judicial pro- 
ceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other 
State. 

Article 5. For the more convenient manas^e- 
ment of the general interest of the United States, 
Delegates shall be annually appointed, in such man- 
ner as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to 
meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, 
in every year, with a power reserved to each State 
to recall its Delegates, or any of them, at any time 
within the year, and to send others in their stead, 
for the remainder of the year. 

No State shall be represented in Congress by less 
than two, nor by more than seven, members ; and no 
person shall be capable of being a Delegate for more 
than three years in any term of six years ; nor shall 
any person, being a Delegate, be capable of holding 
any office under the United States, for which he, or 
another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or 
emolument of any kind. 

Each State shall maintain its own Delegates in 
any meeting of the States, and while they act as 
members of the Committee of the States. 

In determining questions in the United States 
in Congress assembled, each State shall have one 
vote. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 61 

Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall 
not be impeached or questioned in any court or place 
out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall 
be protected in their persons from arrests and im- 
prisonments, during the time of their going to and 
fr(un, and attendance on Congress, except for trea- 
son, felony, or breach of the peace. 

Article 6. No State, without the consent of 
the United States in Congress assembled, shall send 
an embassy to, or receive an embassy from, or enter 
into any conference, agreement, alliance or treaty 
with any King, Prince or State ; nor shall any per- 
son holding any office of profit or trust under the 
United States, or any of them, accept of any present, 
emolument, office or title of any kind whatever from 
any King, Prince, or Foreign State ; nor shall the 
United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, 
grant any title of nobility. 

No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, 
confederation, or alliance whatever between them, 
without the consent of the United States in Congress 
assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for 
which the same is to be entered into, and how long 
it shall continue. 

No State shall lay any imposts or duties which 
may interfere with any stipulations in treaties en- 
tered into by the United States in Congress assem- 



62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

bled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance 
of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to the 
Courts of France and Spain. 

No vessels of war shall be kept up in time of 
peace by any State, except such number only, as 
shall be deemed necessary by the United States in 
Congress assembled, for the defence of such State, or 
its trade ; nor shall any body of forces be kept up 
by any State, in time of peace, except such number 
only, as in the judgment of the United States in Con- 
gress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison 
the forts necessar}' for the defence of such State ; but 
every State shall always keep up a well regulated 
and disciplined militia, sufficiently armed and accou- 
tered, and shall provide and have constantly ready 
for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces 
and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, 
and camp equipage. 

No State shall engage in any war without the 
cojisent of the United States in Congress assembled, 
unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or 
shall have received certain advice of a resolution be- 
ing formed by some nation of Indians to invade such 
a State, and the aanger ^'s so imminent as not to ad- 
mit of a delay till the United States in Congress as- 
sembled can be consulted : nor shall any State grant 
commissions to any ships or vessels of war, nor letters 



of AMERICAN PROOnESS. 63 

t)f marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration 
of war by the United States in Congress assembled, 
and then only against the Kingdom or State, and the 
subjects thereof, against which war has been so de- 
clared, and under such regulations as shall be e&tab- 
lished by the United States in Congress assembled, 
unless such State be infested by pirates ; in which case 
vessels of war may be fitted out for tliat occasion, 
and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or un- 
til the United States in Congress assembled shall de- 
termine otherwise. 

Article 7. When land forces are raised by any 
State for the common defence, all officers of, or under 
the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the Legisla- 
tures of each State i-espectively, by whom such forces 
shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall 
direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the 
State which first made the appointment. 

Article 8. All charges of war, and all other 
expenses that shall be incurred for the common de- 
fence or general warfare, and allowed by the United 
States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out 
of a common treasur}^, which shall be supplied by the 
several States, in proportion to the value of all land 
within each State, granted to or surveyed for any per- 
son, as such land and the buildings and improvements 
thereon shall be estimated according to such mode 



64 NATIONAl. HAND-BOOK 

as the United States in Congress assembled shall, 
from time to time, direct and appoint. The taxes 
for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by 
the authority and direction of the Legislatures of the 
several States Avithiu the time agreed upon by the 
United States in Congress assembled. 

Article 9. The United States in Congress 
assembled shall have the sole and exclusive right and 
power of determining on peace and war, except m the 
cases mentioned in the 6th article — of sending and 
receiving ambassadors— entering into treaties and alli- 
ances, provided that no treaty of commerce shall be 
made whereby the Legislative power of the respective 
States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts 
and duties on foreigners as their own people are 
subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or 
importation of any species of goods or commodities 
whatsoever — of establishing rules for deciding in all 
cases what captures on land or water shall be legal, 
and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval 
forces in the service of the United States shall be 
divided or appropriated — of granting letters ol 
marque and reprisal in times of peace — appointing 
courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed 
on the high seas and establishing courts for receiving 
and determining finally, appeals in all cases of cap- 
tures, provided that no member of Congress shall be 
appointed a juagt) of anv of the said courts. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 65 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and 
differences now subsisting, or that hereafter may- 
arise, between two or more States concerning boun- 
dary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever ; 
which authority shall always be exercised in the 
manner following : — Whenever the legislative or ex- 
ecutive authority or lawful agent of any State in 
controversy with another shall present a petition to 
Congress, stating the matter in question and praying 
for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by 
order of Congress, to the Legislative or Executive 
authority of the other State in controversy, and a dajr 
assigned for the appearance of the parties by their 
lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint, 
by joint consent, commissioners or judges to con- 
stitute a court for hearino; and determining: the mat- 
ter in question ; but if they cannot agree. Congress 
shall name three persons out of each of the United 
States, and from the list of such persons each party 
shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners be- 
ginning, until the number shall be reduced to thir- 
teen ; and from that number not less than seven, nor 
more than nine names, as Congress shall direct, shall 
in the presence of Congress be drawn out by lot ; and 
the persons whose names shall be so drawn, or any 
five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to 
Vear and finally determine tne controversy so always 



66 NATIONAL UAND-BOOK 

as a major part of the judges who shall hear the 
cause shall agree in the determination : and if either 
party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, 
without showing reasons which Congress shall judge 
sufficient, or being present shall refuse to strike, the 
Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out 
of each State, and the Secretary of Congress shall 
strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and 
the judgment and sentence of the court to be ap- 
pointed, in the manner above prescribed, shall be 
final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall 
refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to 
appear or defend their claim or cause, the court shall 
nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or judg- 
ment, which shall in like manner be final and deci- 
sive, the judgment or sentence and other proceed- 
ings being in either case transmitted to Congress, 
and lodged among the acts of Congress for the secu- 
rity of the parties concerned : provided that every 
commissioner, before he sits in judgment, shall take 
an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of 
the Supreme or Superior Court of the State where 
tlie cause shall be tried, " well and truly to hear and 
determine the matter in question, according to the 
best of his judgment, without favor, affection, or 
hope of reward : " provided, also, that no State shall 
be deprived of territory for the benefit of the United 
States. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 67 

AH controversies concerning the private right oi 
soil claimed under different grants of two or more 
States, whose jurisdictions, as they may respect such 
hinds, and the States which passed such grants, are 
iidjusted; the said grants or either of them being at 
the same time chiimed to have originated antecedent 
to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the peti- 
tion of either party to the Congress of the United 
States, be finally determined as near as may be in 
the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding 
disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between 
different States. 

The United States in Congress assembled sliali 
also have the sole exclusive right and power of regu- 
lating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own 
authority, or by that of the respective States — fixing 
the standard of weights and measures throughout the 
United States — regulating the trade and managing 
all affairs with the Indians, not members of any of the 
States ; provided that the Legislative right of any 
State within its own limits be not infringed or violat- 
ed — establishing or regulating post-offices from one 
State to another, throughout all the United States, 
and exacting such postage on the papers passing 
through the same as may be requisite to defray the 
expenses of the said office — appointing all officers of 
the land forces, in the service of the United States, 



68 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

excepting regimental officers — appointing all the 
officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all 
officers whatever in the service of the United States — 
making rules for the government and regulation of 
(he said land and naval forces, and directing their 
operations. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
have authority to appoint a committee, to sit in the 
recess of Congress, to be denominated " A Commit- 
tee of the States," and to consist of one Delegate 
from each State ; and to appoint such other commit- 
tees and civil officers as may be necessary for manag- 
ing the general affairs of the United States under 
their direction — to appoint one of their number to 
preside ; provided, that no person be allowed to serve 
in the office of President more than one year in any 
term of three years — to ascertain the necessary sums 
of money to be raised for the service of the United 
Spates, and to appropriate and apply the same for de- 
fraying the public expenses — to borrow money, or 
emit bills on the credit of the United States, trans- 
mitting every half year to the respective States an 
account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted 
— to build and equip a navy — to agree upon the num- 
ber of land forces, and to make requisitions from each 
State for its quota, in proportion to the number of 
white inhabitants in such State ; which requisition 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 69 

shall be binding, and thereupon the Legislatures of 
each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise 
the men, and clothe, arm and equip them in a soldier- 
like manner, at the expense of the United States ; 
;ind the officers and men so clothed, armed and equip- 
ped shall march to the place appointed, and within 
the time agreed on by the United States in Congress 
assembled; but if the United States in Congress as- 
sembled shall, on consideration of circumstances, 
judge proper that any State sliould not raise men, or 
should raise a smaller number than its quota, and 
that any other State should raise a greater number 
of men than the quota thereof, such extra number 
shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed and equip- 
ped in the same manner as the quota of such State, 
unless the Legislature of such State shall judge that 
such extra number can not be safely spared out of 
the same; in which case they shall raise, officer, 
clothe, arm and equip as many of such extra number 
as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers 
and men so clothed, armed and equipped shall marcli 
to the place appointed, and within the time agreed 
on by the United States in Congress assembled. 

The United States in Congress assembled shall 
never engage in a war, nor grant letters of marque 
and reprisal in time of peace, nor enter into any treat- 
ies or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value 



70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses neces- 
sary for the defence and welfare of the United States, 
or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on 
the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, 
nor ag] ee upon the number of vessels of war to be 
built or purchased, or the number of land or sea 
forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief 
of the army or navy, unless nine States assent to the 
same : nor shall a question on any other point, except 
for adjourning from day to day, be determined, unless 
hy the votes of a majority of the United States in 
Congress assembled. 

The Congress of the United States shall have power 
to adjourn to any time within the year, and to any place 
within the United States, so tliat no period of adjourn- 
ment be for a ionger duration than the space of six 
months, and shall publish the Journal of their pro- 
ceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating 
to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their 
judgment require secresy ; and the yeas and nays of 
the Delegates of each State on any question shall be 
entered on the Journal, when it is desired by any 
delegate ; and the Delegates of a State, or any of them, 
at his or their request, shall be furnished with a tran- 
script of the said journal, except such parts as are 
above excepted, to lay before the Legislature of the 
several States. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 71 

Article 10. The Committee of the States, or 
any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in 
the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress, 
as the United States in Congress assembled, by the 
consent of nine States, shall from time to time thinli 
expedient to vest them with ; provided, that no power 
be delegated to the said committee, for the exercise 
of which, by the Articles of Confederation, the voice 
of nine States in the Congress of the United States 
assembled is requisite. 

Article 11. Canada, acceding to this Confeder- 
ation, and joining in the measures of the United States, 
shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advant- 
ages of this Union ; but no other Colony shall be 
admitted into the same, unless such admission be 
agreed to by nine States. 

Article 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys 
borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the au- 
thority of Congress, before the assembling of the 
United States, in pursuance of the present Confeder- 
ation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge 
against the United States, for payment and satisfac- 
tion whereof the said United States and the public 
faith are hereby solemnly pledged. 

Article 13. Every State shall abide by the 
determinations of the United States in Congress as- 
sembled, on all questions which by this Confederation 



72 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

are submitted to them. And the Articles of this Con- 
federation shall be inviolably observed by every 
State, and the union shall be perpetual ; nor shall 
any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any 
of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Con- 
gress of the United States, and be afterward con- 
firmed by the Legislatures of every State. 

And Whereas^ It hath pleased the Great Governor 
of the World to incline the hearts of the Legislatures 
we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of, 
and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of 
Confederation and perpetual union. Know ye that 
we, the undersigned Delegates, by virtue of the 
power and authority to us given for that purpose, do 
by these presents, in the name and in behalf of our 
respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and 
confirm each and every one of the said Articles of Con- 
federation and perpetual union, and all and singular 
the matters and things therein contained. And we 
do further solemnly plight and engage the faith of 
our respective constituents, that they shall abide by 
the determinations of the United States in Congress 
assembled, on all questions, which by the said Con- 
federation are submitted to them. And that the Ar- 
ticles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the 
States we respectively represent, and that the union 
shall be perpetual. In witness whereof we have 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 73 

hereunto set our hands in Congress. Done at Phila- 
delphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the 9th day of 
July, in the Year of our Lord, 1778, and in the 3d 
y^ear of the Independence of America. 



74 NATIONAL HAND-BOrtiL 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATEa 



We, the People of the United Stales, in order to form a more 
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillit^-^, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general wel- 
fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the 
United States of America. 

ARTICLE I. 

§ I. — All legislative powers herein granted shall 
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which 
shall consist of a Senate and House of Kepresenta- 
tives. 

§ 11. — 1. The House of Kepresentatives shall be 
composed of members chosen every second year by 
tlie people of the several States; and the electors in 
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for 
electors of the most numerous branch of the State 
legislature. 



OONSTITUnON OF THE UNITED STATES. 75 

2. 1^0 person shall be a representative who shall 
not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and 
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and 
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the 
State in which he shall be cliosen. 

3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appoi 
tioned among the several States which may be 
included within this Union, according to their 
respective numbers, which shall be determined by 
adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- 
ing those bound to service for a term of years, and 
excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other 
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made 
within three years after the first meeting of the Con- 
gress of the United States, and within every subse- 
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall 
by law direct. The number of representatives shall 
not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each 
State shall have at least one representative ; and 
until such enumeration shall be made, the State of 
Nevj Hamjpshire shall be entitled to choose three ; 
Massachusetts^ eight ; Rhode Island and Providence 
Plantations^ one ; Connecticut^ ^nq ; New YotI\ 
six; New Jersey^ four; Pennsylvania^ eight; Dela- 
ware^ one ; Maryland, six ; Virgi7iia, ten ; North 
Carolina, ^ve ; South Carolina, five ; Georgia, three 

4. When vacancies happen in the representation 



76 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of any State, the executive autliority thereof shall 
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 

5. The House of Representatives shall choose 
their speaker and other officers, and shall have the 
sole power of impeachment. 

§ III.— 1. The Senate of the United States shah 
be composed of two senators from each State, chosen 
by the legislature thereof, for six years ; an*^ each 
senator shall have one vote. 

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in 
consequence of the first election, they shall be divi- 
ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The 
seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated 
at the expiration of the second year, of the second 
class at the expiration of the fourth year, and the 
third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that 
one third may be chosen every second year ; and if 
vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during 
the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu- 
tive thereof may make temporary appointments until 
the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then 
dll such vacancies. 

3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not 
have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine 
years a citizen of the United States, and who shall 
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for 
which he shall be chosen. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATE8. i i 

4. The Vice-President of the United States sha^j 
be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, 
unless they be equally divided. 

5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, 
and also a president pro tempore in the absence of 
the Vice-President, or when he shall exercise the 
office '^f President of the United States. 

3. The Senate shall have the sole power to try 
all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose, 
they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the 
President of the United States is tried, the chief 
justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con- 
victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the 
members present. 

7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not 
extend further than to removal from office, and dis- 
qualiiication to hold and enjoy any office of honor, 
trust, or profit under the United States; but the 
party convicted shall, nevertheless, be liable and 
subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punish 
ment, according to law. 

§ IV. — 1. The times, places, and manner of hold 
ing elections for Senators and representatives shall 
be prescribed in each State by the legislature 
thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, 
make or alter such regulations, except as to the 
places of choosing senators. 



78 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in 
every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first 
Monday in December, unless they shall by law ap- 
point a different day. 

§ Y. — 1. Each house shall be judge of the eltic 
tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members; 
and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to 
do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn 
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel 
the attendance of absent members, in such manner 
and under such penalties as each house may provide. 

2. Each house may determine the rules of its 
proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be- 
havior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel 
a member. 

3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- 
ings, and from time to time publish the same, 
excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, 
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem- 
bers of either house on any question shall, at the 
desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the 

journal. 

4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, 
shall, without the consent of the otht^r, adjourn for 
more than three days, nor to any other place than 
that in which the two houses shall be sitting. 

I YI, — 1. The senators and representatives shall 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 70 

receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- 
tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the 
United States. They shall, in all cases except 
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- 
leged from arrest during their attendance at the 
ijession of their respective houses, and in going to or 
returning from the same ; and for any speech or 
debate in either house they shall not be questioned 
in any other place. 

2. 'No senator or representative shall, during the 
time for which he was elected, be appointed to any 
civil office under the authority of the United States 
which shall have been created, or the emoluments 
whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; 
and no person holding any office under the United 
States shall be a member of either house durins: his 
continuance in office. 

§ VII. — 1. All bills for raising revenue shall 
originate in the House of Representatives ; but the 
Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as 
on other bills. 

2. Every bill which shall have passed the House 
of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it 
becomes a law, be presented to the President of the 
United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but 
if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that 
House in which it shall have originated, who shall 



60 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOR. 



enter the objections at large on their journal, and 
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- 
ition, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the 
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to 
the other house ; and if approved by two-thirds of 
that house it shall become a law. But in all such 
cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by 
yeas and nays ; and the name of the persons voting 
for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour- 
nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not 
be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- 
days excepted) after it shall have been presented to 
him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he 
had signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment, 
prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a 
law. 

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the 
concurrence of the Senate and House of Representa- 
tives may be necessary (except on a question of 
adiournment) shall be presented to the President of 
the United States, and before the same shall take 
effect shall be approved by him, or, being disap- 
proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the 
Senate and House of Representatives, according t(. 
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a 
bill. 

§ YIII. — The Congress shall have power — 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNTTED STATES. 81 

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and 
excises ; to pay the debts and provide for the com- 
mon defence and general welfare of the United 
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be 
uniform throughout the United States : 

2. To borrow money on the credit of the United 
States : 

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, 
and among the several States, and with the Indian 
tribes : 

L To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, 
and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, 
throughout the United States : 

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and 
of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and 
measures : 

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeit- 
Incr the securities and current coin of the United 

n 

States : 

7. To establish post offices and post roads : 

8. To promote the progress of science and useful 
arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and 
inventors the exclusive right to their respective writ- 
ings and discoveries : 

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme 
Court: 

10. To define and punish piracies and felonie* 



82 NATIONAL HAJSTD-BOOK. 

coiriinitted on the high seas, and offences against the 
law of nations : 

11. To declare war, grant letters of marqne and 
reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land 
and water : 

12. To raise and support armies ; but no appro- 
priation of money to that use shall be for a longer 
term than two years : 

13. To provide and maintain a navy : 

14. To make rules for the government and reg 
ulation of the land and naval forces : 

15. To provide for calling forth the militia to 
execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, 
and repel invasions 

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disci- 
plining the militia, and for governing such part of 
them as may be employed in the service of the 
United States, reserving to the States respectively the 
appointment of the officers, and the authority of 
training the militia, according to the discipline, pre- 
scribed by Congress : 

17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases 
whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten 
miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, 
and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of 
government of the United States, and to exercise like 
authority over all places purchased by the consent of 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 83 

the legislature of the State in which the same shall 
be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock 
yards, and other needful building : And, 

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary 
hnd proper for carrying into execution the foregoipg 
powers, and all other powers vested by this Consti- 
tution in the government of the United States, or in 
any department or officer thereof. 

§ IX. — 1. The migration or importation of such 
persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think 
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con- 
gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred 
and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on 
such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each 
person. 

2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus 
shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of re- 
bellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 

3. !No bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall 
be passed. 

4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, 
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration 
herein before directed to be taken. 

5. Xo tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex- 
ported from any States. No preference shall he 
given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to 
the ports of one State ovei- those of anothei ; nor 



84 IffATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

shaJl vessels bound to or from one State be obliged 
to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 

6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury 
but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; 
and a regular statement and account of the receipts 
and expenditurss of all public money shall be pub- 
lished from time to time. 

7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the 
United States ; and no person holding any office of 
profit or trust under them shall, without the consent 
of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, 
office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, 
prince, or foreign State. 

§ X. — 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, 
alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque 
and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of credit ; 
make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in 
payujent of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post 
facto law, or impairing the obligation of contracts ; 
or grant any title of nobility. 

2. No State shall, without the consent of Con- 
gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or 
exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for 
executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce 
of all duties and imposts laid by any State on im- 
ports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury 
of the United States ; and all such laws shall be 



(X)K8TITUTI0N OF THE UNITED STATES. 85 

subject to tlie revision and control of the Congress. 
No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay 
any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in 
time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact 
with another State or with a foreign power, oi 
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such 
imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 

AllTICLE II. 

§ I. — 1. The executive power shall be vested in a 
President of the United States of America. He 
shall hold his office during the term of four years, 
and, together with the Yice-President, chosen for the 
same term, be elected as follows : 

2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as 
the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elec- 
tors, equal to the whole number of senators and 
representatives to which the State may be entitled in 
the Congress ; but no senator or representative, <)r 
person holding an office of trust or profit under the 
United States, shall be appointed an elector. 

3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.] 

4. The Congress may determine the time of 
choosing the electors, and the day on which they 
shall give their votes, which day shall be the same 
iliroughout the United States. 



^b NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

5. Ko person except a natural-born citizen, or a 
citizen of the United States at the time of the adop- 
tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office 
of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to 
that office who shall not have attained the age ol 
thirty five years, and been fourteen years a resident 
within the United States. 

6. In case of the removal of the President from 
office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis- 
charge the powers and duties of said office, the same 
shall devolve on the Yice-President ; and the Con- 
gress may by law provide for the case of removal, 
death, resignation, or inability both of the President 
and Yice-President, declaring what officer shall then 
act as President, and such officer shall act accord- 
ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President 
shall be elected. 

T. The President shall, at stated times, receive 
for his services a compensation which shall neither 
be increased nor diminished during the period foi 
which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not 
receive, within that period, any other emolument 
from the United States, or any of them. 

8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, 
he shall take the following oath or affirmation : — 

" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will 
faithfully execute the office of President of the 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 87 

tJnitecl States, and will, to the best of my ability, 
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of tlie 
United States." 

§ II. — 1. The President shall be commander-iii 
chief of the army and navy of the United States, ami 
of the militia of the several States, when called into 
the actual service of the United States : he may 
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal 
officer in each of the executive departments upon 
any subject relating to the duties of their respective 
offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves 
and pardons for offences against the United States, 
except in cases of impeachment. 

2. He shall have power, by and with the advice 
and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided 
two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he 
shall nomirate, and by and with the advice and 
consent of the Senate shall appoint, ambassadors, 
other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the 
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United 
States whose appointments are not herein otherwise 
provided for, and which shall be established by law. 
Put the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment 
01 such inferior officers as they think proper in the 
President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads 
of departments. 

3, The President shall have power to fill up all 



88 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

vacancies that may happen during the recess ot the 
Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire 
at the end of the next session. 

§ III. — He shall, from time to time, give to the 
Oo'iigress information of the state of the Union, and 
recommend to their consideration such measures as 
he lihall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on 
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or 
either of them, and in case of disagreement between 
them with respect to the time of adjournment, he 
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think 
proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public 
ministers ; he shall take care that the laws are faith- 
fully executed ; and shall commission all the officers 
of the United States. 

§ lY. — The President, Vice-President, and al? 
civil officers of the United States, shall be removed 
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, 
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde- 
meanors. 

ARTICLE in. 

§ I. — The judicial power of the United States 
rihall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such 
inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to 
time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the 
Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 89 

duiing good behavior, and shall, at stated times, 
receive for their services a compensation which sliall 
not be diminislied during their continuance in office. 
§ II. — 1. The judicial power shall extend to all 
cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu 
tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties 
made, or which shall be made under their authority ; 
to all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public 
ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and 
maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the 
United States shall be a party ; to controversies be- 
tween two or more States; between a State and 
citizens of another State ; betw^een citizens of differ- 
ent States; between citizens of the same State, 
claiming lands under grants of different States, and 
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign 
States, citizens, or subjects. 

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public 
ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State 
ghall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- 
inal jurisdiction. In all other cases before men- 
tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate 
jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex- 
ceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress 
shall make. 

3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im 
peachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall bo 



90 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

held in the State where such crimes shall have been 
committed ; but when not committed within any 
State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the 
Congress may by law have directed. 

§ III. — 1. Treason against the United State 
/ahall consist only in levying war against them, or n 
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com- 
fort No person shall be convicted of treason, unless 
on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt 
act, or confessions in open court. 

2. The Congress shall have power to declare the 
punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason 
shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except 
during the life of the person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

§ I. — Full faith and credit shall be given in each 
State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- 
ceedings of every other State. And the Congress 
may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which 
such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, 
and the effect thereof. 

§ II. — 1. The citizens of each State shall be en 
titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in 
the several States. 

2. A person charged in any State with treason. 



OONSTTrunON OF THE UNITED STATES. 91 

felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, 
and be found in another State, shall, on demand of 
the executive authority of the State from which he 
fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State 
haviiig jurisdiction of the crime. 

3. No person held to service or labor in one 
State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, 
shall, in consequence of any law or regulation 
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but 
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom 
such service or labor may be due. 

§ III. — 1. ISTew States may be admitted by the 
Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall 
shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of 
any other State; nor any State be formed by the 
junction of two or more States, or parts of States, 
without the consent of the legislature of the States 
concerned, as well as of the Congress. 

2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of 
and make all needful rules and regulations respecting 
the territory or other property belonging to the 
United States; and nothing in this Constitution 
shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of 
the United States, or of any particular State. 

§ ly. — The United States shall guaranty to every 
State of this Union a republican form of goverament, 
and shall protect each of them againgt invasion, and, 



92 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



on appKcation of tlie legislature, or of the executive, 
(when the legislature cannot be convened,) against 
domestic violence. 

ARTICLE V. 

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both 
houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- 
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of 
the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, 
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, 
which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and 
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified 
by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several 
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as 
the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- 
posed by the Congress ; provided that no amend- 
ment which may be made prior to the year one 
thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any 
manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth 
section of the first article ; and that no State, with- 
out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal 
suffrage in the Senate. 

AKTICLB VI. 

1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered 
into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall 
be as valid against the United States under this 
Constitution as under the confederation. 



CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 98 " 

2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United 
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and 
all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the 
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme 
law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall 
be bound thereby ; any thing in the Constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 

3. The senators and representatives before men- 
tioned, and the members of the several State legisla- 
tures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both 
of the United States and of the several States, shall 
be bound by oath or affirmation to support this 
Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be 
required as a qualification to any office or public 
trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE Vn. 

The ratification of the conventions of nine States 
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- 
stitution between the States so ratifying the same. 

Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States 
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of 
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and 
of the Independence of the United States of America the 
twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed 
our names. 

GJiJORGE WASHINGTON, 
President^ and Beputy from Virginia, 



94 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Jehu Langdon, 
Nicholas Giiman. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

Nathaniel Gorham, 
Rufus King. 

OONNEOTIOUT. 

Wm. Samuel Johnson, 
Roger Sherman. 

NEW YOEK. 

Alexander Hamilton. 

NEW JEE8EY. 

William Livingston, 
David Brearley, 
William Patterson, 
Jonathan Dayton. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

Benjamin Franklin, 
Thomas Mifflin, 
Robert Morris, 
George Clymer, 
Thomas Fitzsimons, 
Jared IngersoU, 
James Wilson, 
Gk>uvemeur Morris. 



DBLAWASS. 

George Read, 
Gunning Bedford, jr., 
John Dickinson, 
Richard Bassett, 
Jacob Broom. 

MARYLAND. 

James McHenry, 

Daniel of St. Tho. Je^wter. 

Daniel Carroll. 

VIRGINIA. 

John Blair, 
James Madison, jr. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

William Blount, 
Rich. Dobbs Spaight, 
Hugh Williamson. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

John Rutledge, 
Charles C. Pinckney, 
Charles Pinckney, 
Pierce Butler. 

GEORGIA. 

William Few, 
Abraham Baldwin. 



Attest, William Jackson, Secretary 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 



95 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 



Akt. I. — Congress shall make no law respecting 
an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free 
exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, 
or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably 
to assemble and to petition the government for a 
redress of grievances. 

Art. II. — A well-regulated militia being neces- 
sary to the security of a free State, the right of the 
people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 

Akt. III.— IS'o soldier shall, in time of peace, be 
quartered in any house without the consent of the 
owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be 
prescribed by law. 

Art. TV. — The right of the people to be secure 
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against 
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be 
violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon 



96 NATIONAI, HAND-BOOK. 

probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, 
and particularly describing the place to be searched, 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

Art. Y.^ — No person shall be held to answer for 
9 capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on 9 
[»resentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in 
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the 
militia when in actual service, in time of war or 
public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for 
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life 
or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal 
case, to be witness against himself, nor be deprived 
of life, liberty, or property, without due process of 
law ; nor shall private property be taken for public 
use without just compensation. 

Art. YI. — In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- 
cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public 
trial by an impartial jury of the State and district 
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which 
district shall have been previously ascertained by 
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of 
the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain- 
ing witnesses in his favor; and to have the assistance 
of counsel for his defence. 

Art. YII. — In suits of common law, where the 
value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the 



AMEKDMENT8 TO THE CONSTITUTION. 37 

right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and m fact, 
tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in 
any court of the United States than according to the 
rules of the common law. 

Art. YIII. — Excessive bail shall not be required, 
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual 
punishments inflicted. 

Art. IX. — The enumeration in the Constitution 
of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or 
disparage others retained by the people. 

Art. X. — The powers not delegated to the United 
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to 
the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or 
to the people. 

Art. XI. — The judicial power of the United 
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in 
law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one 
of the United States by citizens of another State, or 
by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. 

Art. XII. — The electors shall meet in their 
respective States, and vote by ballot for President 
and Yice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not 
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; 
they shall name in their ballots the person voted for 
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as Yice-President ; and they shall make distinct 
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all 



98 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

perst)n8 voted for as Yice-President, and of the 
number of votes for each ; which lists thej shall sign 
and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of gov- 
ernment of the United States, directed to the presi 
dent of the Senate. The president of the Senate 
ihall, in the presence of the Senate and House of 
Representatives, open all the certificates, and the 
votes shall then be counted ; the person having the 
greatest number of votes for President shall be 
President, if such number be a majority of the whole 
number of electors appointed ; and if no person have 
such a majority, then from the persons having the 
highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of 
those voted for as President, the House of Eepresen 
tatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the 
President. But, in choosing the President, the votes 
shall be taken by States, the representation from 
each State having one vote ; a quorum for this pur- 
pose shall consist of a member or members from two 
thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States 
sliall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of 
Representatives shall not choose a President, when- 
ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them 
before the fourth day of March next following, ther 
the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the 
case of the death or other constitutional disability of 
the President. 



AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. '^^ 

2. The person having the greatest number ot 
votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, 
if such number be a majority of the whole number 
of electors appointed; and if no person have a ma- 
jority, then from the two highest numbers on the 
list the Senate shall choose the Vice-Presidsnt a 
quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of 
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the 
whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 

3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to 
the office of President shall be eligible to that of 
Vice-President of the United States. 



Art. XIII. Sec. 1. Neither slavery nor involun- 
tary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, 
whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, 
shall exist within the United States, or any place 
subject to their jurisdiction. 



Art. XiV. Sec. 1. All persons born or 
naturalized in the United States, and sub- 
ject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
of the United States and the States where- 
in they reside. No State shall make or 



100 PROPOSED AMENDMENTS. 

enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or 
immunities of citizens of the United States ; nor 
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or 
hajjpiness, without due process of law, nor deny to 
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec- 
tion of the laws, 

§ 2. Kepresentatives shall be apportioned among 
the several States according to their respective num- 
bers, counting the whole number of persons, exclud- 
ing Indians not taxed. But whenever the right to 
vote at any election for the choice of electors for 
President and Yice-President, representatives in 
Congress, executive and judicial officers, or members 
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the 
male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of 
age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way 
abridged, except for participation in rebellion or 
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall 
be reduced in the proportion which the number of 
Buch male citizens shall bear to the whole nmnber of 
male citizens 21 years of age in such State. 

§ 3. That no person shall be a Senator or Eepre- 
sentative in Congress, or elector of President and 
Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, 
under the United States, or under any State, who, 
having previously taken an oath as a member of 
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as 
8 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. lOl 

a member of any State Legislature, or as an execu- 
tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the 
Constitution of the United States, shall have 
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the 
same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies there- 
of. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of 
each House, remove such disabilities. 

§ 4. The validity of the public debt of the 
United States authorized by law, including debts 
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for 
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, 
shall not be questioned. But neither the United 
States or any State shall assume or pay any debt oi 
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion 
against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, 
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and 
void. 

§ 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, 
by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this 
article. 

Art. XV. Sec. 1. The right of citizens of the 
United States to vote shall not be denied or 
abridged by the United States or by any State on 
account of race, color, or previous condition of 
servitude. 

Sec. 2. The Congress shall have power to en- 
force this article by appropriate legislation. 



102 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE 
WASHINGTON. 



rmST PBE8IDENT OF THB UNITKD STATES, DELIVKEED APBII 

80, 1789. 



Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and House of 
Representatives — Among the vicissitudes incident 
to life, no event could have filled me with greater 
anxieties than that of which the notification was 
transmitted by your order, and received on the four- 
.(jenth day of the present month. On the one hand 
( was summoned by my country, whose voice I can 
iever hear but with veneration and love, from a 
:etreat which I had chosen with the fondest predi 
lection, and in my flattering hopes with an immuta 
ble decision as the asylum of my declining years ; a 
retreat which was rendered every day more necessary 
as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit 
to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my 
health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. 



mAUatfEAL ADDEE88 OP GEORGE WASHINGTON. 103 

On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of 
the trust to which the voice of mj country called me 
being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most 
experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into 
his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with de- 
spondence one who, inheriting inferior endowments 
from nature, and unpracticed in the duties of civil 
administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of 
his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all 
I dare aver is, that it has been my faithful study to 
collect my duty from a just appreciation of every 
circumstance by which it might be affected. All I 
dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have 
been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance 
of former instances, or by any affectionate sensibility 
to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my 
fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted 
my incapacity as well as disinclination, for the 
weighty and untried cares before me, my error will 
be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its 
consequences be judged by my country with son o 
share of the partiality with which they originated. 

Such being the impressions under which I have, 
in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the 
present station, it would be peculiarly improper to 
omit in this first official act, my fervent supplica- 
tions to that Almighty Being who rules over the 



104 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and 
whose providential aids can supply every human 
defect that his benediction may consecrate to the 
liberties and happiness of the people of the United 
tates, a government instituted by themselves for 
hose essential purposes, and may enable every in- 
Btrnment employed in its administration to execute 
witli success the functions allotted to his charge. In 
tendering this homage to the great author of every 
public and private good, I assure myself that it ex 
presses your sentiments, not less than my own, nor 
those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. 
No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore 
the invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men 
more than the people of the United States. Every 
step by which they have advanced to the character 
of an independent nation seems to have been distin- 
guished by some token of providential agency, and 
in the important revolution just accomplished in the 
Bystem of their united government the tranquil de- 
liberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct 
communities from which the event has resulted can- 
not be compared with the means by which most gov- 
ernments have been established without some return 
of pious gratitude along with a humble anticipation 
of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. 
These reflections arising out of the present crisis 



INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GTCORGE WASHINGTON. 105 

have forced themselves too strongly on mj mind to 
be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in 
thinking that there are none under the influence of 
which the proceedings of anew and free government 
can more auspiciously commence. 

By the article establishing the executive depart- 
ment it is made the duty of tlie President " to re- 
commend to your consideration such measures as he 
shall judge necessary and expedient." The circum- 
stances under which I now meet you will acquit me 
from entering into that subject farther than to refer 
to the great constitutional charter under which you 
are assembled, and which in defining your powers 
designates the objects to which your attention is to 
be given. It will be more consistent with those cir- 
cumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings 
which actuate me to substitute in place of a recom- 
mendation of particular measures, the tribute that 
is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriot- 
ism which adorn the characters selected to devise 
and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I 
behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local 
prejudices or attachments, no separate views, no 
[)arty animosities will misdirect the comprehensive 
and equal eye which ought to watch over this 
great assemblage of communities and interests, so on 
another, that the foundations of our national policy 



106 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of 
private morality, and tlie pre-eminence of free gov- 
ernment be exemplified by all the attributes which 
can win the affections of its citizens and command 
the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect 
with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my 
country can inspire, since there is no truth more thor- 
oughly established than that there exists in the econ- 
omy and course of nature, an indissoluble union be- 
tween virtue and happiness, between duty and 
advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest 
and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of 
the public prosperity and felicity. Since we ought 
to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of 
heaven can never be expected on a nation that dis- 
regards the eternal rules of order and right which 
heaven itself has ordained, and since the preserva- 
tion of the sacred fire of Liberty, and the destiny of 
the republican model of government are justly con- 
sidered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked on the 
experiment entrusted to the hands of the American 
people. Besides the ordinary objects submitted to 
your care, it will remain with your judgment to 
decide how far an exercise of the occasional power 
delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is ren- 
dered expedient at the present juncture by the nature 
of the objections which have been urged against 



INAUGTJRAL ADDRESS OF GEOBGB WA8HrNG'IV^N. 107 

the system, or bj tlie degree of inquietude which has 
given birth to them. Instead of undertaking partic- 
ular recommendations on this subject in which 1 
could be guided bj no lights derived from official 
opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire 
Bonfidence in your discernment aud pursuit of the 
public good, for I assure myself that while you care- 
fully avoid every alteration which might endanger 
the benefits of an united and effective government, 
or which ought to await the future lessons of experi- 
ence, a reverence for the characteristic rights of 
freemen, and a regard for the public harmony will 
sufficiently influence your deliberations on the ques- 
tion, how far the former can be more impregnably 
fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously 
promoted. 

To the preceding observations I have one to add, 
which will be most properly addressed to the House 
of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will, 
therefore, be as brief as possible. When I was first 
honored with a call into the service of my country, 
then on the eve of an arduous struggle for it£ libei 
ties, the light in which I comtemplated my duty 
required that I should renounce every pecuniary 
compensation. From this resolution I have in no 
instance departed, and being still under the impres- 
sions which produced it, I must decline as inappUca 



108 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

ble to myself any Bhare in the personal emolumenta 
wliich may be indispensably included in a perma- 
nent provision for the executive department, and 
must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates 
for the station in which I am placed, may, during 
my continuance in it, be limited to such actual ex 
penditures as the public good may be thought to 
require. 

Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as 
as they have been awakened by the occasion which 
brings us together, I shall take my present leave, 
but not without resorting once more to the benign 
parent of the human race in humble supplication, 
that since he has been pleased to favor the American 
people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect 
tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with un- 
paralleled unanimity on a form of government for 
the security of their union and the advancement ot 
their happiness, so His divine blessing may be 
equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, tlie tem- 
perate consultations, and the wise measures on which 
the success of this government must depend. 



WASHINGTON 8 FAREWELL ADDRESS. 109 



WArfHINaXON'S FAREWELL ADDEESS. 



Friends and Fellow-Citizens — The period for a 
new election of a citizen to administer the executive 
orovernment of the United States not beinor far dis- 
tant, and the time actually arrived when youi 
thoughts must be employed in designating the person 
who is to be clothed with that important trust, it 
appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce 
to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that 
I should now apprise you of the resolution I have 
formed, to decline being considered among the num- 
oer of those out of whom a choice is to be made. 

I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice 
to be assured that this resolution has not been taken 
without a strict regard to all the considerations ap- 
pertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citi- 
zen to his country; and that, in withdrawing the 
tender of service which silence, in my situation, 



110 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of 
zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful 
respect for your past kindness, but am supported by 
a full conviction that the step is compatible with 
both. 

The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, 
the office to which your suffrages have twice called 
me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the 
opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared 
to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would 
have been much earlier in my power, consistently 
with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, 
to return to that retirement from which I had been 
reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination 
to do this, previous to the last election, had been led 
to the preparation of an address to declare it to you ; 
but mature reflection on the then perplexed and 
critical posture of our afi'airs with foreign nations, 
and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my 
confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea. 

I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external 
as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of 
inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty 
or propriety ; and am persuaded, whatever partiality 
may be retained for my services, that, in the present 
circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove 
my determination to retire. 



WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS. HI 

The impressions with which I first undertook the 
arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. 
In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, tnat 1 
have with good intentions contributed toward the 
>rganiza*;ion and administration of the government 
the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment 
was capable. Not unconscious in the outset of the 
inferiority of my qualifications, experience, in my 
own eyes — perhaps still more in the eyes of others — 
has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself; 
and every day the increasing weight of years admon- 
ishes me, more and more, that the shade of retire- 
ment is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. 
Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given pecu- 
liar value to my services, they were temporary, I have 
the consolation to believe that, while choice and pru- 
dence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism 
does not forbid it. 

In looking forward to the moment which is in- 
tended to terminate the career of my public life, my 
feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep ac- 
knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe 
to my beloved country for the many honors it has 
conferred upon me ; still more for the steadfast confi- 
dence with which it has supported me, and for the 
opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting 
ray inviolable attachment, by services faithful and 



112 NATION AJ. HAND-BOOK. 

persevering, though in usefulness unequal to my zeaL 
If benefits have resulted to our country from these 
services, let it always be remembered to your praise, 
and as an instructive example in our annals, that, 
under circumstances in which the passions, agitated ir 
every direction, were liable to mislead; amid appear- 
ances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often 
discouraging; in situations in which, not unfre- 
quently, want of success has countenanced the spirit 
of criticism — the constancy of your support was the 
essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the 
plans by which they were effected. Profoundly pen- 
etrated with this idea, I shall carry it with me to my 
grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that 
Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of 
its beneficence; that your union and brotherly affec- 
tion may be perpetual ; that the free constitution, 
which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly 
maintained ; that its administration, in every depart- 
ment, may be stamped with wisdom and virtue ; 
that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these 
States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made 
complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent 
a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the 
glor}' of recommending it to the applause, the affec- 
tion, and the adoption of every nation which is yet 
a stranger to it. 



113 



Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ; but a solicitude 
for your welfare, which can not end but with my 
life, and the apprehension of danger natural to 
that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the 
present to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to 
recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments, 
which are the result of much reflection, of no incon- 
siderable observation, and which appear to me all- 
important to the permanency of your felicity as a 
people. These will be afforded to you with the 
more freedom, as you can only see them in the disin- 
terested warnings of a parting friend, who can possi- 
bly have no personal motive to bias his counsel ; nor 
can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indul- 
gent reception of my sentiments on a former and not 
dissimilar occasion. 

Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every 
ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine 
is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment. 

The unity of government, which constitutes you 
one people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so ; 
for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real inde- 
pendence, the support of your tranquillity at home, 
your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity, 
of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But 
as it is easy to forsee that from different causes and 
from different quarters much pains will be taken, 
8 



114 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

many artifices employed, to weaken in your niinda 
the conviction of this truth — as this is the point in 
your political fortress against which the batteries of 
internal and external enemies will beiLj&t constantly 
and actively (though often covertly and insidiouslj') 
directed — it is of infinite moment that you should 
properly estimate the immense value of your national 
union to your collective and individual happiness ; 
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and im- 
movable attachment to it, accustoming yourselves to 
think and speak of it as of the palladium of your 
political safety and prosperity; watching for its 
preservation with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing 
whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, 
in any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly frown- 
ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to 
alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or 
to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together 
the various parts. 

For this you have every inducement of sympathy 
and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice of a com- 
mon country, that country has a right to concentrate 
your afiections. The nsime of American, which be- 
longs to you in your national capacity, must always 
exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any 
appellation derived from local discriminations. With 
Blight shades of difference, you have the same 



Washington's farewell addkess. 115 

religion, manners, habits, and political principles 
You have, in a common cause, fought and tri- 
umphed together ; the independence and liberty 
you possess are the work of joint counsels and 
joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and 
successes. 

But these considerations, however powerfully 
they address themselves to your sensibility, are 
greatly outweighed by those which apply more 
immediately to your interest ; here every portion of 
our country finds the most commanding motives for 
carefully guarding and preserving the union of the 
whole. 

The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with 
the South, protected by the equal laws of a common 
government, finds, in the productions of the latter, 
great additional resources of maritime and commer- 
cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufactur- 
ing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, 
benefiting by the agency of the ISTorth, sees its 
agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning 
partly into its own channels the seamen of the 
North, it finds its particular navigation invigorated ; 
and while it contributes, in difierent ways, to nourish 
and increase the general mass of the national naviga- 
tion, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime 
strength to which itself is unequally adapted. The 



116 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

East, in like intercourse with the West, already 
finds, and, in the progressive improvement of inte- 
rior communication, bj land and water, will more 
and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities 
which it brings from abroad or manufactures at 
home. The West derives from the East supplies 
requisite for its growth and comfort, and, what is 
perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of 
necessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable 
outlets for its own productions to the weight, influ- 
ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic 
dde of the Union, directed by an indissoluble com- 
munity of interest as one nation. Any other tenure 
by which the West can hold this essential advan- 
tage, whether derived from its own separate strength 
or from an apostate and unnatural connection with 
any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious. 

While, then, every part of our country thus feels 
an immediate and particular interest in union, all 
the parts combined can not fail to find, in the united 
mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater 
resource, proportion ably greater security from exter- 
nal danger, a less frequent interruption of their 
peace by foreign nations, and, what is of inestimable 
value, they must derive from union an exemption 
from those broils and wars between themselves, 
which so frequently afiiict neighboring countries, not 



117 



tied together by the same government, which thuii 
own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, 
but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments 
and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence, 
likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those over- 
grown military establishments, which, under any 
form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and 
which are to bo regarded as particularly hostile to 
republican liberty ; in this sense it is that your union 
ought to be considered as the main prop of your lib- 
erty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to 
you the preservation of the other. 

These considerations speak a persuasive language 
tc every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit a 
continuance of the Union as a primary object of 
patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common 
government can embrace so large a sphere? Let 
experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation, 
in such a case, were criminal. We are authorized to 
hope that a proper organization of the whole, with 
the auxiliary agency of governments for the respec- 
tive subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the 
experiment. It is well worth a full and fair experi- 
ment. With such powerful and obvious motives to 
union, affecting all parts of our country, while expe- 
rience shall not have demonstrated its impractica- 
bility, there will always be reason to distrust the 



118 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor 
to weaken its bands. 

In contemplating the causes which may disturb 
our Union, it occurs, as a matter of serious concern, 
that any ground should liave been furnished for char- 
acterizing parties by geographical discriminations — 
Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western — 
whence designing men may endeavor to excite a 
belief that there is real difference of local interests 
and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire 
influence within particular districts is to misrepresent 
the opinions and aims of other districts. You can 
not shield yourselves too much against the jealousies 
and heart-burnings wliich spring from these misrep- 
resentations ; they tend to render alien to each other 
those who ought to be bound together by fraternal 
affection. The inhabitants of our Western country 
have lately had a useful lesson on this head ; they 
have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, and 
in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the 
treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction 
at that event throughout the United States, a decisive 
proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated 
among them, of a policy in the general government, 
and in the Atlantic States, unfriendly to their inter- 
ests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been wit- 
nesses to the formation of two treaties — that with 



WASHINGTON 8 FAltEWELL ADDBES8. 



119 



Great Britain and that with Spain — which secure to 
them everything they could desire in respect to our 
foreign relations, toward confirming their prosperity. 
Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preserva- 
tion of these advantages on the Union by which they 
were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf 
to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever 
them from their brethren and connect them with 
aliens ? 

To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a 
government for the whole is indispensable. No alli- 
ance, however strict, between the parts, can be an 
adequate substitute ; they must inevitably expedience 
the infractions and interruptions which all alliances, 
in all time, have experienced. Sensible of this mo- 
mentous truth, you have improved upon your first 
essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern- 
ment better calculated than your former for an inti- 
mate Union, and for the efiicacious management of 
your common concerns, 'lliis government, the ofi"- 
spring of your own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, 
adopted upon full investigation and mature delibera- 
tion, completely free in its principles, in the distribu 
tion of its powers, uniting security with energy, and 
containing within itself a provision for its own 
amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and 
vour support. Eespect for its authority^ compliance 



120 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties 
enjoined by the fundamental maxims of liberty. The 
basis of our political systems is the right of the people 
to make and to alter their constitutions of govern- 
trient ; but the constitution which at any time exists, 
till changed by an explicit and and authentic act of 
the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. 
The very idea of the power and the right of the peo- 
ple to establish government presupposes the duty 
of every individual to obey the established govern- 
ment. 

All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all 
combinations and associations, under whatever plausi- 
ble character, with the real design to direct, control, 
counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action 
of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this 
fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They 
serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and 
extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele- 
gated will of the nation the will of a party — often a 
small but artful and enterprising minority of the 
community — and, according to the alternate triumphs 
of different parties, to make the public administration 
the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous 
})roject8 of faction rather than the organ of consistent 
and wholesome plans, digested by common counsels, 
and modified by mutual interests. 



121 



However combinations or associations of the 
above description may n^w and then answer po])ular 
ends, they are likely, in the course of time and 
things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, 
ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to 
subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for 
themselves the reins of government; destroying, 
afterward, the very engine which had lifted them to 
unjust dominion. 

Toward the preservation of your government, and 
the permanency of your present happy state, it is 
requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance 
irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, 
but also that you resist with care the spirit of inno- 
vation upon its principles, however specious the pre- 
texts. One method of assault may be to effect, in 
the forms of the constitution, alterations which will 
impair the energy of the system, and thus to under- 
mine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all 
the changes to which 3^ou may be invited, remember 
that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix 
the true character of governments as of other human 
institutions; that experience is the surest standard 
by which to test the real tendency of the existing 
constitution of a country ; that facility in changes, 
upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, ex- 
poses to perpetual change, from the endless variety 



I2f> NATIONAL HANP-BOOK. 

of hypothesis and opinion ; and remember, especially 
that for the efficient management of your common 
interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a govern- 
ment of as much vigor as is consistent with the per- 
fect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty 
itself will find in such a government, with powers 
properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. 
It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the gov- 
ernment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of 
faction, to confine each member of the society within 
the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all 
in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of 
person and property. 

I have already intimated to you the danger of 
parties in the state, with particular reference to the 
founding of them on geographical discriminations. 
Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and 
warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the 
oaneful efiects of the spirit of party generally. 

This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable frcm our 
nature, having its root in the strongest passions of 
the human mind. It exists, under different shapes, 
in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or 
repressed ; but in those ot the popular form it is seeu 
in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. 

The alternate domination of one faction over an- 
other, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to 



WASHINGTON 8 FABEWELL ADDBE8S. 12i{ 

party dissension, which, in different ages and coun- 
tries, has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is 
itself a frightful despotism. But this leads, at length, 
to a more formal and permanent despotism. The 
disorders and miseries which result gradually incline 
the minds of men to seek security and repose in the 
absolute power of an individual ; and, sooner or 
later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more able 
or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this 
disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on 
the ruins of public liberty. 

Without looking forward to an extremity of this 
kind (which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely 
out of sight), the common and continued mischiefs of 
the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the inter- 
est and duty of a wise people to discourage and 
restrain it. 

It serves always to distract the public councils 
and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates 
the community with ill-founded jealousies and false 
alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against an 
other; foments, occasionally, riot and insurrection. 
It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, 
which find a facilitated access to the government 
itself through the channels of party passions. Thus 
the policy and the will of one country are subjected 
to the policy and will of another. 



124 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

There is an opinion tliat parties, in free countries, 
are useful checks upon the administration of the gov- 
ernment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. 
This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in 
governments of a monarehial cast, patriotism may 
look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the 
spirit of party. But in those of the popular charac- 
ter, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not 
to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it 
is certain there will always be enough of that spirit 
for every salutatory purpose. And there being con- 
stant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force 
of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A fire 
not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance 
to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of 
warming, it should consume. 

It is important, likewise, that the habits of think- 
ing, in a free country, should inspire caution in those 
intrusted with its administration, to confine them- 
selves within their respective constitutional spheres, 
avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one depart- 
ment, to encroach upon another. The spirit of 
encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all 
the departments into one, and thus to create, what- 
ever the form of government, a real despotism. A 
just estimate of that love of power and proneness to 
abuse it which predominate in the human heart is 



Washington's farewell address. 



sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. 
The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of 
political power, by dividing and distributing it into 
diff(Tent depositories, and constituting each the 
guardian of the public weal, against invasion by the 
others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient 
and modern — some of them in our own country and 
under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as 
necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion oi 
the people, the distribution or modification of the 
constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong, 
let it be corrected by an amendment in the way 
which the constitution designates. But let there be 
ao change by usurpation ; for though this, in one 
instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the 
customary weapon by which free governments are 
destroyed. The precedent must always greatly 
overbalance, in permanent evil, any partial or 
transient benefit which the use can, at any time, 
yield. 

Of all the disposition? and habits which lead to 
political prosperity, religion and morality are indis- 
pensable supports. In vain would that man claim 
the tribute ot patriotism who should labor to subvert 
these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest 
props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere 
politician, equallv with the pious man, ought to 



126 NATIONAL HAND-BCOK. 

respect and to cherish them. A volume could not 
trace all their connections with private and public 
felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the 
security for property, for reputation, for life, if the 
Bense of religious obligation desert the oaths which 
are the instruments of investigation in courts of 
justice ? And let us with caution indulge the sup- 
position that morality can be maintained without 
religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influ- 
ence of refined education on minds of peculiar 
structure, reason and experience both forbid us to 
expect that national morality can prevail in exclu- 
sion of religious principles. 

It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is 
a necessary spring of popular government. The 
rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every 
species of free government. Who that is a sincere 
friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts 
to shake the foundation of the fabric ? 

Promote, then, as an object of primary impor- 
tance, institutions for the general difi*usion of knowl- 
edge. In proportion as a structure of a government 
gives force to public opinion, it is essential that 
public opinion should be enlightened. 

As a very important source of strength and 
security, cherish public credit. One method of pre- 
serving it is to use it as sparingly as possible: 



127 



avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, 
but remembering, also, that timely disbursements to 
prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater 
disbursements to repel it ; avoiding, likewise, the 
accumulaticm of debt, not only by shunning occasions 
of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of 
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars 
may have occasioned ; not ungenerously throwing 
upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought 
to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs to 
your representatives, but it is necessary that public 
opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the 
performance of their duty, it is essential that you 
should practically bear in mind that toward the pay- 
ment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have 
revenue there must be taxes ; that no taxes can be 
devised which are not more or less inconvenient and 
unpleasant ; that the intrinsic embarrassment insepa- 
rable from the selection of the proper objects (which 
is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a deci- 
sive motive for a candid construction of the conduct 
cf the government in making it, and for a spirit of 
acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue 
which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. 
Observe good faith and justice toward all nations ; 
2ultivate peace and harmony with all ; religion and 
morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that 



128 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

good policy does not really enjoin it? It will be 
worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant 
period, a great nation, to give to mankind the mag- 
nanimous and too novel example of a people always 
guided by an exalted justice and benevolence 
Who can doubt that, in the course of time anc 
things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay 
any temporary advantages which might be lost by a 
steady adherence to it ? Can it be that Providence 
has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation 
with its virtue? The experiment,. at least, is recom- 
mended by every sentiment which ennobles human 
nature. Alas ! it is rendered impossible by its 
vices ? 

In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more 
essential than that permanent inveterate antipathies 
against particular nations, and passionate attach- 
ments for others, should be excluded, and that, in 
place of them, just and amicable feelings toward all 
should be cultivated. The nation which indulges 
toward another an habitual hatred, or an habitual 
fondness, is, in some degree, a slave. It is a slave to 
its animosity or its affection, either of which is suffi 
cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. 
Antipathy in one nation against another disposoi 
each more readily to offer insult and injury, to laji 
hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty 



129 



and intractable when accidental or trifling occasions 
of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obsti- 
nate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The nation, 
prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes 
impels to war the government, contrary to the best 
calculations of policy. The government sometimes 
participates in the national propensity, and adopts, 
through passion, what reason would reject ; at other 
times it makes the animosity of the nation subservi- 
ent to projects of hostility, instigated by pride, 
ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. 
The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of 
nations, has been the victim. 

So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one 
nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sym- 
pathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion 
of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no 
real common interest exists, and infusing into one 
the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a 
participation into the quarrels and wars of the latter, 
without adequate inducement or justification. It 
leads also to concessions to the favonte nation of 
privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to 
injure the nation making the concessions, by unnec- 
essarily parting with what ought to have been 
retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a 

disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom 
9 



130 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

equal privileges are withheld ; and it gives to ambi 
tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote 
themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray 
or sacrifice the interest of their own country, with- 
out odium, sometimes even with popularity ; gilding 
with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation, 
a commendable deference for public opinion, or a 
laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish 
compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation. 

As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable 
ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to 
the truly enlightened and independent patriot. 
How many opportunities do they afford to tamper 
with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduc- 
tion, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe 
the public councils I Such an attachment of a small 
or weak toward a great and powerful nation dooms 
the former to be the satellite of the latter. 

Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I 
conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jeal- 
ousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, 
since history and experience prove that foreign 
influence is one of the most baneful foes of repub- 
lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, 
must be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of 
the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense 
against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign- 



Washington's farewell address. 131 



nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those 
whom they actuate to see danger only on one 
side, and serve to vail, and even second, the arts of 
influence on the other. Real patriots, who may 
resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to 
become suspected and odious, while its tools and 
dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the peo^ 
pie, to surrender their interests. 

The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to 
foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial rela- 
tions, to have with them as little political connection 
as possible. So far as we have already formed 
engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good 
faith. Here let us stop. 

Europe has a set of primary interests, which to 
as have none or a very remote relation. Hence she 
must be engaged in frequent controversies, the 
causes of whicli are essentially foreign to our con- 
cerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us 
to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the or- 
dinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary 
combinations and collisions of her friendships or 
enmities. 

Our detached and distant situation invites and 
enables us to pursue a difierent course. If we 
remain one people, under an efiicient government, 
the period is not far off when we may defy material 



132 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

injury from external annoyance, when we may take 
such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may 
at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected 
— when belligerent nations, under the impossibility 
of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightlj' 
hazard the giving us provocation — when we may 
choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus- 
tice, shall counsel. 

Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a 
situation ? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign 
ground ? Why, by interweaving our destiny with 
that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and 
prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival- 
ship, interest, humor, or caprice ? 

It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent 
alliances with any portion of the foreign world ; so 
far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for 
let me not be understood as capable of patronizing 
infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the 
maxim no less applicable to public than to private 
affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. 1 
repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be 
observed in their genuine sense. But, in mj 
opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to 
extend them. 

Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable 
establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, 



Washington's fakewell addeess. 133 

we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extra- 
ordinary emergencies. 

Harmony, and a liberal intercourse with all 
nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and 
interest. But even our commercial policy should 
hold an equal and impartial hand ; neither seeking 
nor granting exclusive favors or preferences ; con- 
sulting the natural course of things ; diffusing and 
diversifying, by gentle means, the streams of com- 
merce, but forcing nothing; establishing, with 
powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable 
course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to 
enable the government to support them, conven- 
tional rules of intercourse^ the- best that present 
circumstances and mutual i pinions will permit, but 
temporary, and liable to be, from time to time, 
abandoned or varied, as experience and circum- 
stances shall dictate; constantly keeping in view 
that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested 
favors from another ; that it must pay, with a por- 
tion of its independence, for whatever it may accept 
under that character ; that by such acceptance it 
may place itself in the condition of having given 
equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being 
reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. 
There can be no greater error than to expect, or 
calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation 



134 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

It is an illusion which experience must cure, which a 
just pride ought to discard. 

In offering to jou, mj countrymen, these counsels 
of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope 
they will make the strong and lasting impression I 
could wish — that they will control the usual current 
of the passions, or prevent our nation from running 
the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of 
nations ; but if I may even flatter myself that they 
may be productive of some partial benefit, some 
occasional good, that they may now and then recur 
to moderate the fury of party s])irit, to warn against 
the mischiefs of foreign intrigues, to guard against 
the impostures of pretended patriotism — this hope 
will be a full recompense for the solicitude for your 
welfare by which they have been dictated. 

How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I 
have been guided by the principles which have been 
delineated, the public records, and other evidences 
of my conduct, must witness to you and the world. 
To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, 
that I have at least believed myself to be guided by 
them. 

In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, 
my proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the 
index to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving 
voice, and by that of your representatives in both 



WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL AEDRE88. 135 

Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has 
continually governed me, uninfluenced by any 
attempts to deter or divert me from it. 

After deliberate examination, with the aid of the 
best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that 
our country, under all the circumstances of the case, 
had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in- 
terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I 
determined, as far as should depend upon me, to main- 
tain it with moderation, perseverance, and firmness. 

The considerations which respect the right to 
hold this conduct, it is not necessary on this occasion 
to detail. I will only observe that, according to my 
understanding of the matter, that right, so far from 
being denied by any of the belligerent powers, has 
been virtually admitted by all. 

The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be 
inferred, without anything more, from tlie obligation 
which justice and humanity impose on every nation, 
in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate 
the relations of peace and amity toward other nations. 

The inducements of interest, for observing that 
conduct, will be best referred to your own reflections 
and experience. "With me, a predominant motive has 
been to endeavor to gain time to our country to 
settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to 
prop-^-ess, without interruption, to that degree of 



136 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

strength and consistency which is necessary to give it> 
humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes 
Though, in reviewing the incidents of my admin- 
istration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I 
am, nevertheless, too sensible of my defects not to 
i;hink it probable that I may have committed many 
errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech 
the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which 
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope 
that my country will never cease to view them with 
indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life 
dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults 
of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion, 
as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest. 

Relying on its kindness in this, as in other things, 
and actuated by that fervent love toward it which is 
so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of 
himself and his progenitors for several generations 
I anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat 
in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, 
the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of 
my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good lawa 
under a free government — the ever ftivorite object of 
my heart — and the happy reward, as I trust, of our 
mutual cares, labors, and dangers. 

Geoege Washington. 
United States, I7th September, 1796. 



OF AMERICAN PROGKESS. 187 

THE FIRST PRAYER IN CONGRESS, 

BY THE REV. DAVID DUCHE, D.D. 

Rector of Christ Churchy Philadelphia. 

O Lord, our Heavenly Father, high and mighty 
King of kings and Lord of lords, who dost from Thy 
tbrone behold all the dwellers of the earth, and 
reign est with power supreme and uncontrollable over 
the kingdoms, empires, and governments, look down 
in mercy, we beseecli Thee, on these American States, 
who have fled to Thee from the rod of the oppressor 
and thrown themselves on Thy gracious protection. 
Desiring to be henceforth only dependent on Thee, to 
Thee have they appealed for the righteousness of 
their cause : to Thee do they now look up for that 
countenance and support which Thou alone canst 
give. Take them, therefore. Heavenly Father, under 
Thy nurturing care : give them wisdom in council 
and valor in the field. Defeat the malicious designs 
of our adversaries, convince them of the unrighteous- 
ness of their cause ; and, if they still persist in their 
sanguinary purpose, O ! let the voice of Thy unerring 
justice, sounding in their hearts, constrain them to 
drop the weapons of war in their unnerved hands in 
the day of battle. Be Thou present, O God of wis- 
dom, and direct the councils of this honorable assem- 
bly ; enable them to settle things on the best and 
surest foundation, that the scene of blood may be 
si)eedily closed ; that order, harmony, and peace may 
be restored, and truth and justice, religion and piety 
prevail and flourish among the people. Preserve the 
health of their bodies and the vigor of their minds ; 
shower down on them and the millions they represent, 
such temporal blessings as Thou seest expedient for 
them in this world, and crown them with everlasting 
glory in the world to come. All this we ask in the 
name and through the merits of Jesus Christ, Thy 
Son, our Saviour. Amen. — TJiatcher's Military Jour- 
nal, Duo.. 1777 



L38 



NATIONAL HANDBOOK 



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140 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



THE NAVY OF THE REVOLUTION. 

In December, 1775, Congress passed an Act order- 
ing the building of thirteen vessels, three of 24 guns, 
five of 28, five of 32, with Ezekiel Hopkins as Com- 
mander-in-Chief, as follows : — 



Name. 


No. of guns. 


History. 


Hancock . . 


32 


Captured by the British in 

1777. 


Congress . . 


28 


Destroyed in the Hudson 
River to avoid capture 
in 1777, never having 
been to sea. 


Montgomery. 


28 


Do do do. 


Delaware . . 


24 


Captured in the Delaware 
River 1777. 


Randolph. . 


32 


Blown up in action with 
the British ship Yar- 
mouth, 64 guns, in 1778. 


Washington . 


32 


Destroyed in the Delaware 
by the British, before 
getting to sea in 1778. 


Efi&ngham . 


28 


Do do do. 


Raleigh . . 


32 


Captured by the British in 

1778. 


Virginia . . 


28 


Captured by the British in 
1778, off the capes of the 
Delaware, before getting 
to sea. 


Warren . . 


32 


Burned in the Penobscot 
River in 1779, to prevent 
falling into the enemy's 
hands. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



141 



Name. 


No. of guns. 


History. 


Providence . 


28 


Seized by the British at 
the capture of Charles- 
ton, S. C, in 1780. 


Hoston . . 


24 


Do do do. 


rriimbull. 


28 


Captured by the British 






ship Watt, in 1781. 



Such is the story in brief of the " original thir- 
teen" vessels. Not one survived in the possession 
of the Colonies to the close of the war. About ten 
vessels of a force ranging from 24 guns down to 10, 
and two even smaller, were purchased and fitted out 
as cruisers, while the " thirteen " were building. 

The navy of the Revolution was disbanded at the 
close of the war ; the officers gave up their commis- 
sions ; the few public vessels that remained were 
sold. Several of the States maintained small cruisers, 
with the consent of Congress. During the last year 
or two of the war, it had dwindled almost to nothing. 
This was in part due to the fact that its place was 
laken by the French. The assertion of sovereignty 
on the seas was not yet thought of, while indepen- 
dence on the land was not secured. 

The most remarkable naval engagement of the 
Revolution was fought off the coast of Scotland on 
the evening of Sept. 23d, 1779, between the Bon 
Homme Richard, of 40 guns, commanded by Paul 
Jones, and the Serapis, a British frigate of 44 guns, 
under Capt. Pearson. The Serapis surrendered with 
a loss of 150. The Richard lost 300 in killed and 
wounded, and while sinking the crew was transferred 
to the Serapis. — Cooper's Naval History of U, S. 



142 NATIONAL HAND-BOOJi. 

SYNOPSIS OF LAWS PERTAINING TO SLAVERY. 

Ordinances of 1787 ; pertained to the government 
of the territory of the U. S., northwest of the Ohio 
River and prohibited slavery in said territory, and 
provided for the return of fugitives, to those chiim 
ing their service. 

Fugitive Slave Bill of 1793 ; provided for the 
return of fugitives from justice and persons escaping 
from the service of their masters, by requisition of the 
Governor of the State from whence they escaped, 
on the Governor of the State in which they may be 
found ; and inflicts a penalty of a fine and imprison- 
ment for harboring, concealing or aiding in their 
escape. 

The Missouri Compromise Act of 1820; author- 
ized the people of the Missouri Territory to organize 
a State Government, on an equal footing with the 
original States, and prohibited slavery in certain ter- 
ritories. 

Fugitive Slave Bill of 1850 ; was amendatory of 
the law of 1793, and made it obligatory upon any 
justice of the peace, magistrate, marshal or deputy 
marshal, when called upon to enforce the law of 
1793, under a penalty of 11000, and commanded all 
good citizens to aid and assist in the prompt execu- 
tion of this law, whenever their services were re- 
quired. 

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1857 ; upon the 
organization of those two territories, left it free for 
the people of every territory on becoming a State to 
adopt or reject slavery. 

The Dred Scott Decision. — See page 209. 

Emancipation Proclamation. — See page 353. 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



145 



SLAVE POPULATION IN THE U. S. IN 1860. 



States. 1860. 

Alabama 435,132 

Arkansas 111,104 

Delaware 1,798 

Florida 61,753 

Georgia 402,230 

Kentucky 225,490 



Louisiana 



;32,520 



Maryland 87,188 

Mississippi 436,696 

Missouri 114,965 



STATK3. 1860. 

North Carolina 331,081 

South Carolina 402,541 

Tennessee 275,784 

Texas 180,388 

Virginia 490,887 

Nebraska (Territory). 10 

Utah " 29 

New Mexico " 24 

District of Columbia. 3,181 



Total 3,952.801 



STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE 
REVOLUTION. 

AMBBIOAN 8LAVEBY IN 1715. 



In the reign of George I., the ascertained popula 
tion of the Continental Colonies was as follows : 

White Men. Negro Slave* 

New Hampshire 9,500 150 

Massachusetts 94,000 2,000 

Rhode Island 7,500 500 

Connecticut 46,000 1,500 

New York 27,000 4,000 

Pennsylvania 43,300 2,500 

New Jersey 21,000 1,500 

Maryland 40,700 9,400 

Virginia 72,000 28,000 

North Carolina 7,500 3,700 

South Carolina. 6,250 10,500 

Total 875,000 58,550 



[44: 



NATIONAL HAND-B'OOK 

FIRST ADMINISTRATION. 




George Washington. — The ancestors of George Wash- 
ington emigrated from England to Virginia, in 1657, and 
settled in Westmoreland County, on the banks of the Po- 
tomac. His father's name was Augustine, and he is said to 
have been a wealthy planter in the Old Dominion. He died 
April, 1743, leaving large possessions to be distributed among 
hi a children. 

The maiden name of Washington's mother was Mary Ball, 
a lady of refined taste and noble character. 

Washington was born on the 22d of February, 1732. 
His early education was acquired under the immediate in- 
spection of his devoted mother, and such instructors as she 
Baw fit to employ. At the age of sixteen he had completed 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 145 

his studies, and was eager to enter upon a career of activity 
and usefulness. 

He would probably have been sent to England to com- 
plete his education, had his father lived ; for it was custom- 
ary among wealthy planters of the South to send their soni 
to Europe for this purpose. 

Had this been done, it might possibly have changed Wash- 
ington's whole career, and even seriously affected the destiny 
of the American nation. 

In his boyhood he was distinguished for his ardent love of 
military life ; and when only nineteen years of age, he was 
placed over a militia district, with the rank of major. His 
subsequent military career was eventful and thrilling in its 
character. In 1759 he was united in marriage to Mrs. 
Martha Custis, an accomplished lady of "Welsh descent. At 
about this time, he was elected a member of the House of 
Burgesses, and evinced rare judgment and fidelity in the dis- 
charge of his duties. The second Continental Congress 
elected him Commander-in-Chief of the American Army, 
and he accepted the solemn trust with all the modesty and 
dignity of his great nature. 

Congress had already fixed the pay of the Commander-iu- 
Chief at $6000 a year ; but, in accepting the position, Wash- 
ington showed that he was uninfluenced by mercenary mo- 
tives. He scorned the idea of making the position minister 
to his personal emolument. He distinctly assured the Con- 
gress that he would accept no remuneration, and would only 
ask that the expenses actually incurred in the service should 
be paid. " I do not wish," said he, " to make any profit out 



14(5 NATIONAL HAND-COOK 

of it." And when, in 1797, President Adams, anticipating 
war with France, called him once more to the command of. 
the American Army, he reiterated the same sentiment. " I 
must decline," said he, " having my acceptance considei ed aa 
drawing after it any immediate charge upon the public ; ox 
that I can receive any emolument annexed to the appoint" 
ment, before entering into a situation to incur expense." 
How generous and self-sacrificing the conduct of this great 
chieftain appears, especially when contrasted with the grasp- 
ing, self-seeking spirit of the most of men ! On the 3d of 
July, 1775, he assumed command of the army at Cambridge, 
Mass. The evacuation of Boston by the British ; the trans- 
fer of the war to New York ; the masterly retreat through 
the Jerseys ; and the subsequent brilliant career of Washing- 
ton as a military leader, are familiar to all readers of history. 

In 1789 he was unanimously elected to the Presidency, 
and inaugurated amid great demonstrations of popular favor, 
on the 30th of April, 1789. 

In 1794 he was re-elected, and served the nation with the 
same fidelity and success that had so pre-eminently distiu 
guished his previous career. 

He died on the 14th of December, 1799, at Mount Ver- 
non. Distant nations were smitten with sorrow when he 
died, and wept with his own beloved nation, as her tears fell 
upon the grave of the citizen and soldier. " First in war, 
first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen." 



John Adams, Vice-President. — For biographical sketch, 
see Second Administration. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 147 

Electoral Vote. — First Administration, 1st Term. — ■ 
Under the Constitution as it then existed, each elector voted 
for two candidates ; the one receiving the highest number oi 
votes was dechired President, and the next highest Vice-Pres- 
ident. Ten States voting — Va., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. J., 
Pa., Del., Md., S. Ca., and Ga. Whole number of Electors, 
G9. N. Ca. and R. I. had not ratified the Constitution, and 
N. Y. had failed to make provisions for electors. 

George Washington, of Va., irrespective of party, received 
the unanimous vote, 69. 

John Adams, of Mass., 34, and was declared Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

John Jay, N. Y., 9. R. H. Harrison, Md., 6 

John Rutledge, S. Ca., 6. John Plancock, Mass., 4. 
Geo. Clinton, N. Y., 3. Sam'l Huntington, Ct., 2. 
John Milton, Ga., 2. Jas. Armstrong, Ga., 1. 

Edvv'd Telfair, Ga., 1. Benj. Lincoln, Mass., 1. 

Electoral Vote. — l^^ Administration, 2d Term. — Fif- 
teen States voting — R. I. and N. Ca. having ratified the Con- 
stitution, and two new States had been admitted, Vt. and Ky. 
Whole number of Electors, 132. 

George Washington, of Va., for President, received 132 
votes, and was declared unanimously elected. 

John Adams, of Mass., for Vice-President, received 77 
votes. 

Geo. Clinton, N. Y., 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Va., 4 ; Aaron 
Burr, N. Y., 1. 



148 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of First Administration. 

1789 March 4. The first Congress under the Constitu- 

tion met in Federal Hall, Wall St., New York 
City ; James Langdon, N. H., Pres. pro tern, 

- April 30. Geo. Washington took the oath of office 

as President, administered by Chancellor Liv- 
ingston. 

1790 First census of U. S. taken— 3,929,326. 

The Register of the Treasury reported the estimated 

cost of the seven years' war at $135,000,000. 

April 17. Benjamin Franklin died, aged 84. 

1791 United States Bank established, Philadelphia. 

March 4. Vermont admitted into the Union. 

1792 June 1. Kentucky admitted into the Union. 

United States Mint established. 

1793 Congress adopts the Fugitive Slave Bill. 

Coal mines discovered at Lehigh, Pa. 

1794 Gen. Wayne defeats the Indians on the frontier. 

1795 Jay's Treaty with Great Britain ratified. 
The Cotton-gin invented by Eli Whitney. 

1796 June 1. Tennessee admitted into the Union. 

Sept. 17. Washington issues his Farewell Address. 

Cabinet Officers, 1st Administration — 1789 to 1797. 

Secretaries of State — Thomas Jefferson, Va. ; Edmund 
Randolph, Va. ; T. Pickering, Mass. 

Secretaries of Treasury — Alexander Hamilton, N. Y. ; 
Oliver Wolcott, Conn. 

Secretaries of War and Navy — Henry Knox, Mass. ; T 
Pickering, Mass. ; James McHenry, Md. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 149 

Postmasters General— Sam'l Osgood, Mass.; T. Picker- 
ing, Mass. ; Jos. Habersham, Ga. 

Atfornei/s-General—FAmund Randolph, Y a,.; Wm. Brad 
ford, Pa. ; Charles Lee, Ya. 

National Expenses and Debt, 1st Administration. 

^'^^^' Expenses. Debt. 

1791 $ 7,207,539 $70,463,476 

1792 9,141,569 77,227,924 

1793 7,529,575 80,352,634 

1794 9,302,124 78,427,404 

1795 ----- 10,405,069 80,747,587 

1796 8,367,776 83,762,172 

Imports and Exports, 1st Administration. 

^^^^* Imports. Exports. 

1790 - - - $23,000,000 $20,205,156 

1791 29,200,000 19,012,041 

1792 31,500,000 20,753,098 

1793- 31,000,000 26,109,572 

1794 34,600,000 33,026.233 

1795 69,756,268 47,989,472 

1796 81,436,164 67,064,097 



150 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



SECOND ADMINISTRATION. 




John Adams. — Second President of the United States, 
was born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19tli, 1735. His an- 
cestry may be traced back to Henry Adams, who settled at 
Braintree, in 1640. His early educational advantages were 
»f a very superior order. He was a good student and grad- 
uated at Harvard, 1755. He devoted himself for a time 
to teaching and to the study of law, and in Oct. 1758, was 
admitted to the bar as Attorney at Law. In 1764, he mar- 
ried Abigail Smith, whose ancestors were of Colonial fame. 
He became a prominent actor in the stirring events and 
scenes of the times. His first political step of any special 
significance was taken by the delivery of an address in op- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 151 

position to the Stamp Act of Great Britain. When the first 
outbreak at Lexington occurred, he joined the patriot forces 
in defending their liberties and lives. In 1774, he was 
chosen a member of the Continental Congress and honor- 
ably represented his constituents in that body. He had the 
honor of proposing George Washington as Commander-in- 
Chief of the American Army, and the proposal reflects 
great credit upon his judgment. He assisted in preparing 
the Declaration of Independence and bore an active part in 
the debate it occasioned. In Nov., 1777, he was appointed 
Minister to France. He was the first American Minister to 
Great Britain, being appointed in 1785. In 1788, he was 
elected to the office of Vice-President, and performed its 
duties with zeal and success. He was elected President in 
1797, defeating Jefferson in the contest for that position. 
His administration was active and at first popular with the 
people, but was environed with difficulties of a perplexing 
character and closed amid the unscrupulous upbraidings of 
his political foes. Leaving Washington, he returned to the 
retirement of his quiet home, and there, with the grand 
sentiment of " Independence forever ! " breaking from his 
lips, he passed away, on the 4th day of July, 1826. 



Thomas Jefferson, Vice-President. — For biographical 
frkstch, see Third Administration. 



152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Electoral Vote, Second Administration. 

Sixteen States voting, Tennessee having been admitted 
during the First Adm. Whole number of Electors, 140. 

John AdamSy of Mass., Federal, received 71 Electoral 
votes, and was declared President. 

Thomas Jeffeison, of Va., Democrat, received 68 Elec- 
toral votes, and was declared Vice-President. 

Thomas Pinckney, S. Ca., 58 ; Aaron Burr, N. Y., 3©. 

Samuel Adams, Mass., 15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Conn., 11. 

George Clinton, of N. Y., 7 ; John Jay, of N. Y., 5. 

James Iredell, N. Ca., 3 ; Samuel Johnston, N. Ca., 2. 

George Washington, of Va., 2 ; John Henry, of Md., 2. 

Charles C. Pinckney, of S. Ca., 1. 

Important events of the 2d Administration. 

1797 March 4. John Adams inaugurated President. 

Difficulties arise with France. Congress convened 

preparatory for war. 

1798 George Washington appointed Commander-in-Chief 

of the American Armies, with the rank and title 
of Lieut.-General. 

— Alien and sedition laws passed Congress. The first 

gave power to the President to expel from the 
country aliens suspected of conspiring against the 
government. The sedition law was designed to 
suppress publications that were disloyal to the 
Republic. 
1799 Dec. 14. Death of Washmgton, in hi-s 68th year. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 153 

1799 Feb. Naval combat between the U. S. Frigate Con- 

stitution and the French frigate L'Insurgente, the 
latter captured. 

Feb. 26. Three Commissioners sent to negotiate 

peace with France. 

1800 The Capital located at Washington. 

Sept. oO. Treaty of Peace concluded with France 

Cabinet Officers, 2d Administration — 1797-1801. 

Secretaries of State — Timothy Pickering, Mass. ; John 
Marshall, Va. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Oliver AVolcott, Conn. ; Sam- 
uel Dexter, Mass. 

Secretaries of War — James McHenry, Md. ; Samuel Dex- 
ter, Mass. ; Roger Griswold, Conn. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George Cabot, Mass. ; Benjamin 
Stoddert, Md. 

Postmaster- General — Joseph Habersham, Ga. 

Attorney- General — Charles Lee, Va. 

National Expenses and Debt, 2d Administration. 

Tear. Exi^enses. Debt. 

1797 $ 8,626,012 $82,064,479 

1798 8,613,507 79,228,529 

1799 -' 11,077,043 78,408,669 

1800 11,989,739 82,976,291 

Imports and Exports, 2d Administration. 
Year. Imports. Exports. 

1797 $75,379,406 $56,850,206 

1798 68,551,700 61,527,097 

1799 - 79,089,148 78,665,522 

1800 91,252,768 70,970,780 



154 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

THIRD ADMINISTRATION. 




•S./»0W£«7~, 



Thomas Jefferson. — Not least renowned among the 
historic characters of the American Republic, is Thomas Jef- 
erson, third President of the United States. 

He was born at Shad well, Virginia, April 2d, 17 i3. 
His ancestors were of Welsh extraction. His father de- 
cided lo give him a classical education, and sent him, as a 
student to William and Mary College. 

He was very studious and made rapid advancement ; at 
the end of two years left College and began the study of law. 

He pursued his legal studies for five years, and thus laid 
the foundation for that great skill and ability that distin- 
guished him as a counsellor and logician. 

In 1769, he was elected to the House of Burgesses, and 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 155 

at once became an active and prominent member. In 1772, 
he was united in wedlock to Mrs. Martha Skelton, a lady of 
great personal worth and beauty. At about this time he 
was elected a member of Congress, and proved himself in 
every way worthy of the honor. 

He was chosen to prepare the immortal Declaration ol 
Independence, which, after a stirring debate of three days, 
was adopted on the Fourth of July, 1776. He was elected 
Governor of Virginia, in 1779, and held the office for two 
years. In 1784, he was selected to negotiate with European 
Statesmen, upon the subject of commercial treaties. 

He was elected to the office of Vice-President, in 1797, and 
at the next election was chosen President. In his inaugural 
address, he used the following memorable expression : " We 
are called by different names, brethren of the same princi- 
ple. We are all republicans : we are all federalists. If 
there be any among us who would wish to dissolve thif 
Union, or to change its republican form, let them stand, un ■ 
disturbed, as monuments of the safety with which error op 

OPINION MAY BE TOLERATED, AVHERE REASON IS LEFT FREE 

10 COMBAT IT." His administration was so popular that, 
at its close, he was elected for a second term, by a very 
large electoral vote. His second administration was active 
and aggressive in its policy, and contributed to the growth 
and stability of the nation. He died at the age of eighty- 
three, on the 4th day of July, 1826. 

Aaron Burr, Vice-President, was born at Newark, N. J., 
Feb. 6, 1756. Died on Staten Island Sept. 14, 1836. He 
graduated at Princeton, 1772, admitted to the bar at Albany, 



156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1782, elected to the Legislature in 1784, to the United States 
Senate in 1791, and to the Vice-Presidency in 1800. 

Electoral Vote. — 21iird Administration^ 1st Term,^' 
Sixteen States voting. Whole number of Electors, 188. 

Thomas Jefferson, Va., Democrat, and Aaron Burr, >J 
Y., Democrat, each having received 73 ; John Adams, 
Mass., Federal 65 ; Charles C. Pinckney, S. C, 64 ; John 
Jay, N. Y., 1. No choice vras made by the people, and con- 
sequently the House of Representatives proceeded to the 
choice of President according to the provisions of the Con- 
stitution, and upon the 36th ballot — 

Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, was elected Pres. 

Aaron Burr, of N. Y., Democrat, was elected Vice-Pres. 

Electoral Vote. — Third Administration, 2d Term. — 
Seventeen States voting, Ohio having been admitted during 
the previous term. Whole number of Electors, 176. 

Thomas Jefferson, of Va., Democrat, for President, re- 
ceived 162 votes, and was declared elected. 

George Clinton, of N. Y., Democrat, for Vice-President, 
received 162 votes, and was declared elected. 

Charles C. Pinckney, S. C, Federal, for President, 14 
Rufus King, N. Y., Federal, for Vice-Pres., 14. 

Important Events of the 3d Administration. 

1801 March 4. Thomas Jefferson inaugurated President, 
The internal revenue law repealed ; its enforcement 

led to the " Vf hiskey Rebellion " in Pa. in 1794. 
— ^ June 10. Tripoli declares war against the United 

States, by demanding of Capt. Bainbridge the use 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 157 

of U. S. frigate Geo. Washington to convey an 
ambassador to Constantinople, he was obliged to 
comply or submit to destruction from the Castle 
guns of the harbor. 

1802 jNov. 29. Ohio admitted as a State. 
West Point Military Academy founded. 

1803 April 30. Louisiana purchased of France for $15,- 

000,000. 
— Com. Preble and his fleet sent to demand restitution 
from Algiers and Tripoli for piracies. 

1804 July 11. Hamilton killed in a duel with Burr. The 

difficulty grew out of a political quarrel. 

1805 June 3. Peace declared between Tripoli and U. S. 

1806 Aaron Burr charged with treason i-n attempting to 

set up an Empire west of the AUeghanies. He 
was tried and acquitted of conspiracy. 

England persists in searching American vessels for 

suspected deserters from the British navy, and 
thus impressing American seamen. These repeat- 
ed outrages led to the second war with England. 

1807 Robert Fulton makes first trip to Albany in the 

steamboat " Clermont." 

* Dec. 22. Congress decrees an embargo on all ves 

sels in American ports, and orders home ah Amer 
ican vessels to prepare for war. 

1808 The African Slave-trade abolished by Co^igress, 

prohibiting the importation of slaves into the U. S. 
Cabinet Officers, 3d Administration — 1801-1809. 
Secretary of State. James Madison, Va. 



158 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Secretaries of the Treasury. Samuel Dexter, Mass. ; Albert 
Gallatine, Peiin. 

Secretary of War. Henry Dearborn, Mass. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Benjamin Stoddert, Md. ; Rol<>rt 
Smith, Md. ; Jacob Crowninshield, Mass. 

Postmasters- General. Joseph Habersham, Ga. ; Gideon 
Granger, Conn. 

Attorneys- General. Theophilus Parsons, Mass. , Levi 
Lincoln, Mass. ; Robert Smith, Md. ; John Breckenridge, 
Ky. ; Caesar A. Rodney, Del. 

National Expenses and Debt, 3d Adm. 



Year. 






Expenses. 


Debt. 


1801. . . . $12,273,376 


$83,038,050 


1802. . 






13,276,084 


80,712,632 


1803. . 






11,258,983 


77,054,686 


1804. . 






12,624,646 


86,427,120 


1805. 






13,727,124 


82,312,150 


1806. 






15,070,093 


75,723,270 


1807. 






11,292,292 


69,218,398 


1808. , 






16,764,584 


65,196,317 


MPORTS AND EXPORTS, 3d ADMINISTRATION. 


Year. Imports. 


Exports. 


1801. . . . $111,363,511 


$94,115,925 


1802. 






. . 76,333,333 


72,483,160 


1803. 






. . 64,666,666 


55,800,038 


1804. 






. 185,000,000 


77,699,074 


1805. 






. 120,600,000 


95,566,021 


180b. 






. 129,410,000 


101,536,963 


1807. 






. 138,500,000 


108,343,151 


1808. 






56,990,000 


22,430,960 



OF A.-MEK1CAN PliOGRESS. 



159 



FOURTH ADMINISTRATION. 




•B.foWEFTu 



James Madison, Fourth President of the United States, 
was born at King George, Virginia, on the 16th of March, 
1751. He entered Princeton College, New Jersey, 1769, 
md graduated, in advance of his class, in 1771. Having 
impaired his health by too close application to study, he re- 
mained in Princeton for a time to recruit his shattered 
health, and also still further to enrich his mind. 

He was one of the first to comprehend the peril of the 
Colonists, and gave his cheerful co-operation to the patriots 
in resisting the encroachments of Great Britain. 

He was a member of the first Legislative Assembly, and 
would doubtless have been a meiiiber of the next, it is said, 



160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

had it not been for his conscientious refusal to follow the 
prevalent custom of treating the electors. In 1780, he be- 
came a member of the National Congress, and greatly assisted 
its deliberations by his sagacious counsels. 

He represented his State in the Legislature from 1784 to 
1 780, and was very active in promoting the financial and com 
mercial interests of the State. 

In 1794, he married Mrs. Todd, of Philadelphia, a lady 
possessing great amiability and vivacity of mind. 

Having finished his Congressional career, he retired from 
public life, to enjoy the companionship of his books and 
home, but was soon called to share the conflicts of the hour. 

He discharged the duties of the office of Secretary oi" 
State, promptly and acceptably, under the administration of 
Jefferson. He was elected to the office of President in 1809. 
Exciting discussions, complications with foreign powers, and 
war with England, were the distinguishing events of his ad- 
ministration. 

He died at his home, in Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the 
age of eighty-five years. 



George Clinton, Vice-President, was born in Ulster Co., 
N. Y., July 26, 1739. Died at Washington, April 20, 1812. 
He was elected to the Continental Congress in 1775, voted 
for the Declaration of Independence, was Brigadier-General 
in 1777 ; Governor of N. Y. in 1801, and Vice-President in 
1804, and a prominent candidate for President in the cam- 
paign of 1808 



op american progress. 161 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres. 4th Adm. 

For President. \ From. \ Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. 
James Madison, Va. Geo. Clinton, N. Y. Democrat 
C. C. Pinckney, S. Ca. Rufus King, N. Y. Federal. 

Second Term. 
James Madison, Va. Elbridge Gerry, Mass. Democrat. 
DeWitt Clinton, N. Y. J. Ingersoll, Pa. Federal. 
Electoral Vote for Pres. and Vice-Pres. 4th Adm. 

Seventeen States voting. Whole number of electors, 175. 

In 1804 an amendment to the Constitution was adopted, 
which provided that in voting for President and Vice-Presi- 
dent each candidate should be voted for separately by the 
electors. 

For President, \st Term. For Vice-President. 

James Madison . . . 122 Geo. Clinton , . 113 
C. C. Pinckney ... 47 Rufus King ... 47 

James Madison was declared elected President, and Geo. 
Clinton Vice-President. 

For President, 2d Term. For Vice-President, 

Eighteen States voting. — Louisiana admitted during pre- 
vious term. Whole number of electors, 217. 
James Madison . . . 128 Elbridge Gerry . 131 
DeWitt Clinton ... 49 J. Ingersoll ... 86 
James Madison was declared elected President, and El- 
bridge Gerry Vice-President. 



162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of the 4tli Administration. 

1809 March 4. James Madison inaugurated President. 

1810 American Board of Christian and Foreign Missions 

organized. 

1811 Nov. 7. General Harrison wins at Tippecanoe th e 

most desperate battle ever fought with the Indians. 

1812 April 8. Louisiana admitted as a State. 

First house in Rochester, N. Y., erected. 

Second War with England.— C>«wse— The 

impressment of American seamen by the British, 
and the blockade of her enemies' ports. Congress 
authorized the President to call for 25,000 enlisted 
men, 50,000 volunteers, and 100,000 militia, with 
Henry Dearborn as Commander-in-Chief. See 
Contents for list of Land and Naval Battles of 
the War of 1812. 

1813 March 4. James Madison began a second Presi- 

dential term, with Elbridge Gerry as Vice-Pres. 
June 1. Capt. Lawrence, of the U. S. frigate Ches- 
apeake, fought the British frigate Shannon, 30 
miles from Boston, and in dying said, " DonH give 
up the skip." 

Sept 10. Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 

1814 August 24. City of Washington taken by the 

British, and public buildings burned. 

- Capt. Porter of U. S. frigate ^ssex, when captured 

by the British frigate Phoebe^ after a desperate 
battle and losing 154 men, in his report to the 



OF AMERICAN IMiOGRESS. 163 

Secretary of the Navy said, " We have been 
unfortunate but not disgraced." 

- Dec. 15. Hartford Convention in opposition to the 

war, threaten secession of the New England States. 

Dec. 24. Hull, for the surrender of Detroit, was 

tried for cowardice and treason, found guilty, and 
sentenced to be shot. Pardoned by the President. 

Dec. 24. Peace declared by Treaty at Ghent. 

1815 Jan. 8. Battle of New Orleans, 40 days after 

peace was declared. Gen. Jackson lost 13 killed 
and wounded ; the British 1700. 

Jan. 15. A British squadron capture the U. S. 

frigate President. 

March. Congress declares war against Algiers. 

1816 Apr. 10. U. S. Bank re-chartered for twenty 

years, with a capital of $35,000,000. 

Dec. 11. Indiana admitted as a State. 

Cabinet Officers, 4th Administration — 1809-1817. 

Secretaries of State. Robt. Smith, Md. ; Jas. Monroe, Va, 

Secretaries of the Treasury. Albert Gallatin, Pa. ; George 
W. Campbell, Tenn. ; Alex. J. Dallas, Pa. 

Secretaries of War. William Eustis, Mass. ; John Arm- 
strong, N. Y. ; James Monroe, Va. ; Wm. H. Crawford, Ga. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Paul Hamilton, S. C. ; William 
Jones, Pa. ; Benjamin W. Crownin shield, Mass. 

Postmasters- General. Gideon Granger, Conn.; Return J. 
Meigs, Jr., Ohio. 

Attorneys- General. Caesar A. Rodney, Del. ; Willian) 
Pinckney, Md. ; Richard Rush, Pa. 



164 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



National Expenses and Debt, 4th Admik. 



Tear. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1809. 


. $13,867,a26 


$57,023,192 


1810. 


13,319,986^^ 


53,178,217 


1811. . 


. 13,601,808 


48,005,587 


National Expenses, (fee- 


— Continued. 


Year 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1812. . 


. $22,279,121 


$45,209,737 


1813. . 


. 39,190,520 


55,962,827 


1814. . 


. 38,028,230 


81,487,846 


1815. . 


. 39,582,493 


99,833,660 


1816. . 


. 48,244,495 


127,334,938 



Imports and Exports, Fourth Adm. 



Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1809. . 


. $59,400,000 


$52,203,333 


1810. . 


. 85,406,000 


66,657,970 


1811. . 


. 53,400,000 


61,316,883 


1812. 


. 77,030,000 


38,527,236 


1813. 


22,005,000 


27,855,927 


1814. 


. 12,965,000 


6,927,441 


1815. 


113,041,274 


52,557,753 


1816. 


. . 147,103,000 


81,920,452 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



165 



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166 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 




QS t^tH&bilVAJi PBO(1RES6. 



167 



FIFTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Monroe, Fifth President of the United States, 
nas born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, in 1758. Com- 
paratively little is known of his ancestors. His father's 
name was Spence, and the maiden name of his mother was 
Elizabeth Jones. 

He received his education at the College of William and 
Mary, and immediately after leaving College, identified him- 
self with the Colonists in their struggle for freedom. He 
took an active part in some of the earlier actions of the war, 
and was severely wounded at the battle of Trenton. 

His services were properly recognized, and he was pro- 
moted to a Captaincy. 

He acquitted himself witii dl&!iii<:uished honor as a Stafl 



168 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

officer of Lord Sterling, and in 1780 served as a miiitarj 
commissioner under Governor Jefferson. 

He was chosen a member of the Legislature of Virginia^ 
in 1782, and, in 1783, became a member of Congress. His 
eminent abilities were at once recognized ; and his sound 
views upon the various questions discussed in Congress, 
exerted a potent influence upon that body in its measures fof 
the promotion of State and National interests. 

In 1786, he married JVIiss Kortright, a lady of great per- 
sonal merit, upon whom John Quincy Adams pronounced a 
very high eulogy. He held the office of Senator for about 
five years, and was twice elected as Governor of Virginia. In 
1803, he was appointed to aid Robert R. Livingston, the 
resident IVIinister at France, in negotiations for the purchase 
of Louisiana, and afterward served as Minister to England. 

He was also Secretary of State during the administration 
of Madison in 1811. His efficient services in the difficult 
and responsible positions he had occupied, and his advocacy 
of a popular national policy, directed attention to him as a 
candidate for the Presidency, and, in 1819, he was elected to 
the office by a large electoral vote. After his election, he 
made a tour of visitation through the Eastern States ; and the 
favor with which he was everywhere received and the happy 
effects of his visit upon all parties, suggest that a closer in- 
timacy between our people and their rulers would be of im- 
mense advantage to the nation. So satisfactory was his ad- 
ministration that, at its close, he was re-elected, and served 
another term with equal honor and success. During his ad- 
ministrations, the South American republics were recognized 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 169 

hy Congress as sovereign nations and the President, in his 
message, declared the famous Monroe Doctrine, that the Con- 
tinents of America were not to be considered as subjects of 
European power. 

His death occurred in New York, on the Fourth of July, 
1831. In 1858, his remains were removed to Hollywood 
Cemetery, Virginia. 



D. D. Tompkins, Vice-President, was born at Scarsdale, 
N. Y., June 21, 1774. Died on Staten Island, June 11, 1825 
Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 5th Adm. 
For President. \ From \ Vice-Pres. \ Prom. | Politics. 
James Monroe, Va. D. D. Tompkins, N. Y. Democrat. 
Rufus King, N. Y. J. E. Howard, Md. Federal. 

Second Term. 
James Monroe, Va. D. D. Tompkins, N. Y. Democrat. 
John Q. Adams, Mass. Richard Stockton, N. J. Federal. 

Elctoral Vote for Pres. and Vice-Pres., 5th Adm. 

Nineteen States voting. — Indiana having been admitted 
during the previous term. Whole number of electors, 217. 

For President, 1st Term For Vice-President. 

James Monroe ... 183 D. D. Tompkins . . 183 

Rufus King .... 34 J. E. Howard . . 22 

Twenty -four States voting. Miss., 111., Ala., Me., and Mo., 
were admitted during previous term. Whole number of 
electors, 232. 

For Presideiit, 2d Term For Vice-President, 

James Monroe ... 227 D. D. Tompkins . . 218 

John Q. Adams ... 1 Richard Stockton . 8 



170 NATIONAL HAND-HOOK 

Important Events of the 5th Administration. 

1817 March 4. James Monroe inau»,nirated President, at 

Congress Hall, WaFliingtoii, the Capitol having 
been burnt by the British. 

July 4. Ground broken for the P^rie Canal. Com- 

pleted in 1825. 

Dec. 10. Mississippi admitted into the Union. 

1818 March. Gen. Jackson defeats the Seminoles in Fla. 

The U. S. flag, 13 stripes and one star for each 

State, in a blue field, adopted by law. 

Dec. 3. Illinois admitted into the Union. 

1819 Dec. 14. Alabama admitted into the Union. 

The Savannah, first steamer, crosses the Ocean. 

1820 March 15. Maine admitted into the Union. 

James Monroe re-elected President. 

Stephen Decutor, of the U. S. Navy, killed in a duel 

with Com. Barron. 

Oct. Florida ceded by Spain to the United States. 

1821 Aufif. 10. Missouri admitted as a State. 

1822 The independence of South America acknowledged 

by U. S. 
■ Boston, Mass., incorporated a city. 

1823 Commodore Porter suppresses piracies in the West 

Indies. 

President Monroe advocates the non-intervention of 

foreign powers upon the American continent, pop 
ularly known as the Monroe doctrine. 

1824 Aug. Gen. Lafayette re-visits the United States. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



171 



Cabinet Officers, 5th Administration 1817-1825. 

Secretary of State. John Quincy Adams, Mass. 

Secretary of the Treasury. William H. Crawford, Ga. 

Secretaries of War. Isaac Shelby, Ky. ; J. C. Calhoun, S.C. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Benjamin W. Crownin&hield 
Mass. ; Smith Thompson, N. Y. ; Samuel L. Southard, N. J . 

Postmasters- General. Return J. Meigs, Jr., Ohio; John 
McLean, Ohio. 

Attorney- General. William Wirt, Va. 
National Expenses and Debt, 5th Administration 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1817. . 


. $40,877,646 


$123,491,965 


1818. . 


. 35,164,875 


103,466,633 


1819. . 


. 24,004,199 


95,529,648 


1820. . 


. 21,763,024 


91,015,566 


1821. . 


. 19,090,572 


' 89,987,427 


1822. . 


. 17,676,592 


93,546,676 


1823. . 


. 15,314,171 


90,875,877 


1824. . 


. 31,898,538 


90,269,777 


MPORTS AN 


D Exports, 5th 


Administration. 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1817. . , 


$^9,250,000 


$87,671,560 


1818. . , 


121,750,000 


93,281,133 


1819. . . 


87,125,000 


70,141,501 


1820. . . 


74,450,000 


69,661,669 


1821. . . 


62,585,724 


64,974,382 


1822. . . 


83,241,541 


72,160,281 


1823. . . 


77,579,267 


74,699,030 


1824. . . 


89,549,007 


75,986,657 



172 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

SIXTH ADMINISTRATION. 




John Qdincy Adams, Sixth President of the United 
States, was born at Braintree, Mass., on the 11th of July, 
1767. His character was formed under the ennobling influ- 
ences of a cultured home, and developed amid rare social and 
literary advantages. The influence of his noble mother as 
well as of his father, is apparent in the development of his 
moral and intellectual nature. 

His youthful ear heard the thunder of the cannon that 
shook Bunker's Hill, and his eye eagerly watched the clouds 
of smoke as they ascended from the burning ruins of Charles- 
town. In his eleventh year he accompanied his father to 
France, and thus had rare opportunities to acquire a knowl- 
edge of the politics, manners and language of the people. 



OF AMERICAN PKOGRESS. 173 

When he had attained his fourteenth year, he was acting as 
his father's secretary, and, notwithstanding his youth, was 
recognized as an officer in that capacity by Congress. 

Returning from his foreign travels, he entered Harvard 
College, in 1786, and graduated the following year. He then 
itudied law for thi^ee years, and was admitted to the bar in 
1790. In 1794, he was appointed Minister to the Nether- 
lands, and in 1797 he was honored with the appointment of 
Minister to Portugal, which was afterward changed to the 
mission to Berlin. He also served his country as Ambassa- 
dor to Prussia, Russia, and England. 

Washington entertained a high opinion of his diplomatic 
abilities, and pronounced him the ablest American Minister 
ever sent to a foreign Court. 

He also was elected to the Senate of the United States, 
but resigned before the close of the Senatorial term. In 
1806 he was elected to the Professorship of Rhetoric and 
Belles-Lettres at Harvard, and was a great favorite with the 
friends and students of the University. He was appointed 
by President Monroe to the office of Secretary of State, and 
served in that capacity through both terms of Monroe's ad- 
ministration. In the next Presidential election the suffrages 
of the people were divided between four candidates, neither 
of whom received a majority of the electoral votes, and con 
sequently the election of a President devolved upon the 
House of Representatives. The members of that body in 
performing the duty assigned them elected John Quincy 
Adams as the successor of President Monroe, and he was 



174 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

inaugurated March 4th, 1825. His administration was some- 
what embarrassed by the strong party spirit that had been 
engendered previous to his election, and his political aaher 
ents being in a minority could not induce Congress to adopt 
his recommendations. 

After his retirement from the Presidency he devoted his 
time chiefly to literary and religious researches. It is said 
that he translated the Psalms into English verse, and devoted 
much of his time to the study of the sacred Scriptures. In 
1830, he was elected to the House of Representatives, and 
held the position until his death, which occurred on the 21st 
of February, 1848. He had just risen to address the Speak- 
er of the House when he was smitten with paralysis, and 
fell, exclaiming, " This is the last of earth." Thus " the 
old man eloquent " fell at his post, and passed to his final re- 
ward. 



John C. Calhoun, Vice-President, was born at Adbe- 
ville, S. C, March 18, 1782. Died at Washington, March 
31, 1850. He was among the foremos' statesmen of hi* 
time, and with him originated the " State nghts doctrine." 



op american progress. 175 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 6th Adm 
For President. \ From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Polities, 

John Q. Adams, Mass Federal. 

Andrew Jackson, Tenn. John Calhoun S. Ca. Democrat, 
W. H. Crawford, Ga. . Nathan Sanford, N. Y. Democrat 
Henry Clay, Ky. . . Nathaniel Macon, Ga. Whig. 
Popular and Electoral Votes, 6th Adm. 

Twenty-four States voting. Whole number of electors, 261. 
For President, 

John Q. Adams, 105,321 votes ; Electoral votes, 84. 
Andrew Jackson, 152,899 " " " 98. 

W.H.Crawford, 47,265 " " "' 41. 

Henry Clay, 47,087 " " " 37. 

For Vice-President, 

John C. Calhoun, 182 Electoral votes ; Nathan Sanford, 30. 
Nathaniel Macon, 24 " " Andrew Jackson, 13. 

Henry Clay, 9 " " Martin Van Buren, 2. 

None of the candidates received the majority of the elec 
toral votes for President : the choice devolved upon the house 
of Representatives. Adams received the vote of 13 States, 
Jackson 7, and Crawford 4, John Q. Adams was therefore 
elected President, and John C. Calhoun Vice-President. 

Important Events of Gth Administration. 

1825 March 4. John Q. Adams inaugurated President. 
Corner Stone of Bunker Hill Monument laid by 

Lafayette. 

1826 July 4. Death of two Ex-Presidents, John Adams 
and Thos. JefEerson. 



176 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

— Anti-Masonic excitement, caused by the abduction 
of William Morgan from Canandaigua, N. Y., by 
Free Masons, who were charged with murder. A 
legislative committee of investigation confirmed 
the suspicion. 

1827 First Railroad in the U. S., from Quincy to Boston. 

1828 Tariff Bill a law. The cotton states oppose it. 

Cabinet Officers, 6th Administration — 1825-1829. 

Secretary of State. — Henry Clay, Ky. 
Secretary of the Treasury. — Richard Rush, Pa. 
Secretaries of War. — Jas. Barbour Va. ; P. B. Porter, N. Y. 
Secretary of the Navy. — Samuel L. Southard, N. J. 
Postmaster- General. — John McLean, Ohio. 
Attorney- General. — William Wirt, Va. 

National Expenses and Debt, 6th Administration. 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1825. 


. . 23,585,804 


83,788,432 


1826. 


. . 24,103,398 


81,054,059 


1827. 


. . 22,656,764 


73,987,357 


1828. 

MPORTS 


. . 25,459,479 
; AND Exports, 6th A 


67,475,043 

lDMINISTRATIO 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1825. 


. . 96,340,075 


99,535,388 


1826. 


. 89,974,477 


77,595,322 


1827. 


. 79,484,068 


82,324,727 


182a 


88.509.824 


72,264,68/ 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



177 



SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Andrew Jackson, Seventh President of the United 
States, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born on a plan- 
tation in Mecklenbiirgh County, North Carolina, March 15tli, 
1767. A few days before the birth of Andrew, his fathei 
died, leaving his widow, whose maiden name was Elizabeth 
Hutchinson, to struggle for the maintenance and culture of 
three children. Andrew received very little schooling, and 
was characterized for his boldness, activity, generosity, and 
self-reliance. At the age of thirteen, fired by the death of 
his eldest brother, who perished in the Indian battle of Stono, 
he entered his country's service in the struggle for Indepen- 
dence. Andrew and his brother Robert were captured by 
the British, and the latter died soon after their excham^e* 



17m NAllON'Al. IIAND-DOOK 

Their mother in the mean-time, who had acted as nurse to 
some captive friends on a prison ship, contracted fever, and 
died suddenly, leaving Andrew, a half developed youth, the 
sole surviving representative of the family. Andrew tried 
the saddlery trade and school teaching, after which he studied 
Law, was admitted to practice at the age of twenty, and rose 
at once to prominence. He married Mrs. Robards in 1791. 

On the 5th of December, 1796, Jackson took his seat in 
Congress as the first Representative of Tennessee, which had 
just been admitted. He was subsequently Senator from the 
same State, and at a later period Judge of the Supreme Court 
of Tennessee. In 1806, he fought a duel with Charles Dick- 
erson, when both were severely wounded, and Dickerson died. 

The war of 1812 brought him prominently before the 
world as a dashing military chieftain. Fired by the massa- 
cre at Fort Mimms, he inaugurated a vigorous campaign 
against the British and the Creek Indians, which culminated 
in a great victory at New Orleans, January 8, 1815. 

In 1823, he was again elected to the U. S. Senate, and 
nominated for the Presidency, receiving a large but unsuc- 
cessful vote. In 1828, he was elected to the Presidency, and 
re-elected in 1832. Many grave measures agitated the coun 
try during his administration. 

He retired to the " Hermitage," March 4th, 1837, where 
he died, June 8th, 1845. Gen. Jackson was a fearless, honest 
man, of rare common sense. He was never vanquished, 
He conquered the wilderness, the savage, the trained European 
chieftain, the American duelist, and politician. 



Martin Van Buren, Vice-Pres. See sketch 8th Adni. 



of american progress. 179 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 7th adm. 
For President. | From* | For Vice-Pres. | From, | Politics. 
Andrew Jackson, Tenn. John C. Calhoun S. Ca. Democrat 
John Q. Adams, Mass. Richard Rush Pa. Federal. 
For President, 2nd Term. Vice-President. 

yVndrew Jackson, Tenn. Martin Van Bureu, N. Y. Dem. 
Henry Clay, Ky. J. Sergeant, Pa. Whig. 

J ohn Floyd, Va. W. \yilkins, Pa. Independent 
William Wirt, Md. Henry Lee, Mass. Anti-Masonic. 

Popular and Electoral vote, 7th Administration. 

Twenty four States voting. Whole number of electors, 261. 
For President, 1st Term. 

Andrew Jackson, 650,028 votes; Electoral votes 178. 
John Q.Adams, 512,159 " " " 83. 

Andrew Jackson was declared elected President, and Johi 
C. Calhoun Vice-President. 

For Vice-President. 

John C. Calhoun, 189 Electoral votes, Richard Rush, 83, 

For President, 2d Term. 

Andrew Jackson, 687,502 votes ; Electoral votes 219 

Henry Clay, 550,189 " " " 49 

John Floyd, " " a u u 

William Wirt, " " " " 7 

For Vice-President, 

M. Van Buren, 171 Electoral votes ; J. Sergeant, 49. 

Wm. Wilkins, 30 " " " Henry Lee, 11. 

Andrew Jackson was declared elected President, and 
Martin Van Buren Vice-President. 



180 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Important Events of 7th Administration. 

1829 March 4. Andrew Jackson, inaugurated President 

1830 Jackson, opposes the U. S. Bank in his message. 

1831 July 4. Death of Ex-president, Monroe. 

Agitation of the U. S. Bank question. 

1832 First appearance of Asiatic cholera in America. 

" The Black Hawk War " with frontier Indians in 

111. Black Hawk captured and taken to Wash- 
ington, and other cities, to convince him of the 
strength of the nation. 

State's Rights doctrine dates from this year. Advocated 

by John C. Calhoun. 

- S. Ca. Legislator attempted to evade the U. S 

Revenue Law, which gave rise to Pres. Jackson's 
Nullification proclamation. 

- Professor Morse invents the magnetic telegraph. 

March 4. Pres. Jackson enters upon a second term. 

1833 Tariff controversy settled by Henry Clay's bill. 

Oct. Removal of the Government funds from the U. 

S. Bank, by order of President Jackson 

1834 Gen. Thompson killed in Seminole War. 

Cyrus McCormick's reaper patented. 

1835 Seminole Indian War in Florida, led by Osceola. 

Dec. 16. 674 buildings burned in New York ; los* 

$20,000,000. 

National debt paid off during this year. 

Gen. Scott subdues the Creek Indians in Ga. and 

Ala. They are removed beyond the Mississippi. 
3tt36 June 15. Arkansas admitted as a StA^->» 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



181 



Cabinet Officers, 7th Administration — 1829-1837. 

Secretaries of State. Martin Van Buren, N. Y. ; Edward 
Livingston, La. ; Lewis McLane, Del. ; John Forsyth, Ga. 

Secretaries of the Treasury. S. D. Ingham, Pa. ; Louis 
McLane, Del. ; Wm J. Duane, Pa. ; Roger B. Taney, Md 
Levi Woodbury, N. H. 

Secretaries of War. John H. Eaton, Tenn. ; Lewis Cass, 0. 

Secretaries of the Navy. John Branch, N. C. ; Levi 
Woodbury, N. H. ; Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. 

Post Masters- General. Wm. T. Barry, Ky. ; A. Kendall, Ky. 

Attorneys- General, John M. Berrien ; Roger B. Taney, 
Md. ; Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y. 
National Expenses and Debt, 7th Administration. 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1829. . 


$25,044,358 


$58,421,413 


1830. . 


. 24,585,281 


48,565,406 


1831. . 


. 30,038,446 


39,124,191 


1832. . 


34,356,698 


24,322,235 


1833. . 


24,257,298 


7,001,032 


1834. . 


24,601,982 


4,760,081 


1835. . 


. 27,573,141 


351,289 


1836. . 


30,934,664 


291,089 


[PORTS and 


Exports, 7th A 


yiDMINSTRATIO 


Year. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1829. . 


$74,492,527 


$72,358,671 


1830. . . 


70,876,920 


73,849,508 


1831. . 


103,191,124 


81,310,583 


1832. . 


101,029,266 


87,176,943 


1833. . 


108,118,311 


90,140,443 


1834. . 


126,521,332 


104,336,973 


1835. . 


149,895,742 


121,693,577 


1836. . 


189,980,085 


128,663,040 



162 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Martin Van Buren, Eighth President of the United 
States, was a descendant of Holland ancestry, and was born 
on a farm at Kinderhook, Columbia Co., N. Y., September 
5th, 1782. He inherited a clear, logical intellect, which was 
quickened by academic culture. At the age of fourteen he 
began the study of law, and seven years later was duly ad- 
mitted to practice. After a few years, spent in his native 
village, he established himself at Hudson. He early evinced 
a taste for politics, and before he attained his majority was a 
delegate at a county convention. In 1808, he assumed his 
first public office, that of Surrogate of Columbia Co. He 
was elected to the State Senate in 1812, and re-elected in 
1816. In 1815, he was appointed Attorney-General of New 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 183 

York. In 1821, he was elected from New York to the 
United States Senate, where he continued until 1828, when 
he resigned to become Governor of New York. In the NtiW 
York Senate he was a prominent leader in the Madison 
party, and when transferred to the Senate at Washington. 
he was a staunch supporter of the Democracy of those times. 

On the first day of January, 1829, he entered upon the 
gubernatorial duties of the State of New York, but in March 
following resigned to become Secretary of State in President 
Jackson's Cabinet. In 1831, President Jackson reorganized 
his Cabinet, accepting the resignation of Mr. Van Buren, but 
appointing him at once Minister to England. He proceeded 
to London, but, on the assembling of Congress, the Senate 
refused to confirm his appointment. He immediately re- 
turned to the United States. Mr. Calhoun, the Vice-Presi- 
dent, having cast the deciding vote in the Senate against his 
appointment to England, was left out in the political slate at 
the national convention in the following May, and Van 
Buren was nominated to the second place on the ticket with 
Jackson, and was triumphantly elected. 

On the 4th of March, 1837, he was inaugurated President 
of the United States, having been elected as the successor of 
Andrew Jackson. Mr. Jackson's financial measures and his 
war on the banks culminated, soon after his retirement, in the 
most disastrous monetary depression that has ever overtaken 
the country. Mr. Van Buren was held responsible. The 
Seminole War dragged wearily ; the anti-slavery agitation 
increased, and the administration lost favor steadily until its 
close, when Mr. Van Buren retired to Kinderhook, to ap- 



184 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

pear again, iu 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency on the 
" Free Soil " ticket, when he was defeated. He died at 
Kinderhook, July 24th, 1862, aged eighty years. Mr. Van 
Buren was a statesman of more than ordinary grasp ; he was 
a gentleman of cultivated tastes and of amiable dispositioD. 



Richard M. Johnson, Vice-President, was born neai 
Louisville, Ky., Oct. 17, 1780. 

He served as colonel in the Indian wars under Harrison 
was twelve years a representative in Congress from Ky. ; and 
was elected to the United States Sciiate. He served four 
years as President of the Senate. In the Presidential 
campaign of 1836, no candidate for Vice-President re- 
ceived a majority of the electoral votes, and he was elected 
Vice-President by the Senate. He died at Frankfort, Ky.j 
Nov. 19, 1850. 

Candidates for President and Vice-Prest., 8th Adm 

For President. \ From. | For Vice-Pres. | From | Politics. 
Martin Van Buren, N. Y. R. M. Johnson, Ky. Democrat. 
Wm. H. Harrison, Ohio. Francis Granger, N. Y. Whig. 
H. L. White, Teun. John Tyler, Va. Indepen. 

Daniel Webster, Mass. William Smith, Ala. Whig. 



of american progress. 185 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 8th Adm. 
Twenty-six states voting, Arkansas and Michigan having 
been admitted during previous term. Whole number of 
Electors, 294. 
For President. 

Martin Van Buren 762,149 votes, electoral votes 170. 
Wdi. H. Harrison, " " " " <' 73. 

11. I.. White, " " " " " " 26. 
Daniel Webster, " " " " " 14. 

W. P. Mangum, N. Ca. Total opposition vote " 11. 

736,736 
For Vice-President. 

R, M.Johnson, electoral votes 147. Francis Granger, 77. 
,John Tyler, " " 47. Wm. Smith, 22. 

No candidate for Vice-Pres. received a majority of the 
electoral votes and R. M. Johnson was elected by the Senate. 

Important Events of 8th Administration. 

1837 March 4. Martin Van Buren inaugurated President. 

Independence of Texas acknowledged. 

Great financial distress. Banks suspend specie pay- 

ment. Failures amounting to over $200,000,000 
in New York city in March and April. Extra 
session of Congress called Sept. 4, to devise relief. 

Nov. 7. Riot at Alton, 111. ; Rev. E. P. Lovejoj 

mobbed and killed for anti-slavery sentiments 

1838 The Mormons driven from Missouri. 

The Canadian Rebellion caused by disloyal English 

and Americans attempting to set up an independent govern 
ment. 



186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1839 Another financial panic. Banks suspend payment. 

1840 The so-called " Log Cabin " and " Hard Cider " Cam- 

paign. 
Cabinet Officers, 8th Administration — 1837-1841 

Secretary of State. John Forsyth, Ga. 

Secretary of the Treasury. Levi Woodbury, N. H. 

Secretary of War. Joel R. Poinsett, S. C. 

Secretaries of the Navy. Mahlon Dickerson, N. J. ; James 
K. Paulding, N. Y. 

Postmasters- General. Amos Kendall, Ky. ; John M. Niles, 
Conn. 

Attorneys- General. Benjamin F. Butler, N. Y. ; Felix 
Grundy, Tenn. ; Henry D. Gilpin, Pa. 

National Expenses and Debt, 8th Administration 



Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1837. . . 


$37,265,037 


$1,878,223 


1838. . . 


39,455,438 


4,857,600 


1839. . . 


37,614,936 


11,983,737 


1840. . . 


28,226,553 


5,125,077 


l^TPORTS AND 


Exports, 8th Administration. 


fear. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1837. . . 


$140,989,217 


$117,419,376 


1838. . . 


113,717,404 


108,486,616 


1839. . . 


162,092,132 


121,088,416 


1840. . . 


107,641,519 


132,085,936 



OF AMERICAN P»ROGRBSS. 



187 



NINTH ADMINISTRATION. 




ii-? =-=^=-=SSl^^" 



William Henry Harrison, Niuth President of the 
United States, was born at Berkeley, on the James River, 
Virginia, February 9th, 1773. His fatlier was one of the 
signers of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the 
Governors of Virginia. William Henry was educated at 
Hampden, Sydney Colleo;e, Virojinia, and pursued the study 
of medicine. He was, however, drawn from the duties of 
his profession by the barbarities of the Indians along our 
north-western frontier. In 1791, he received from President 
Washington a commission as ensign in the artillery, and was, 
during the next year, promoted for meritoi- ious service to the 
rank of lieutenant. He served under General Wayne, and 
after the battle of Miami Rapids he was made captain. 



188 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

In 1800, he was made Governor of the '' Indian Terri- 
tory," includiDg the Territories of Indiana, Illinois, and 
Wisconsin. This position he filled for twelve years to the 
satisfaction of Indians and white settlers. He negotiated 
thirteen important treaties with Indian tribes. 

In 1811 Harrison conducted the war against Tecumseh, 
and in a great battle on the Tippecanoe River defeated that 
illustrious chieftain, and s ^ frustrated his plans that he never 
recovered. After the surrender of Detroit, by General Hull, 
Harrison was made Commander-in-Chief of the entire North- 
west, where he proved himself a masterly organizer and a 
vigorous, intrepid commander. His fame, at the close of the 
war, was unbounded. Some difficulty with the Secretary of 
War led to his resignation, but the President immediat«vy 
appointed him to negotiate further treaties with the Indiai %. 

In 1816, he became a Representative in Congress from 
Ohio, and immediately took rank as an eloquent and able 
member of the body. 

In 1824, he was elected to the United States Senate from 
Ohio. 

In 1886, Mr. Harrison was brought forward for the Pre^i 
dency. He had three rivals, and was beaten by Mr. Vaa 
Buren. His popularity was so great that the Whigs again 
nominated him in 1840, and after one of the most stirring 
campaigns of the century, he was elected by electoral count 
of 234 out of 294. His administration gave promise of great 
success, but his frail health was so overtaxed that he expired 
April 4th, just one month after his inauguration. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 189 

John Tyler, successor of Mr. Harrison, and Tenth Pres- 
ident of the United States, was born in Charles City County, 
Virginia, March 29th, 1790. His ancestors were English, and 
were among the first settlers in the Old Dominion. His 
father was a patriot in the Revolution, a wealthy land pro- 
prietor, and at one time Governor of Virginia. Young Tyler 
entered William and Mary College at the age of twelve, 
where he graduated with the highest honors at seventeen. 
At nineteen he was admitted to the bar, and rose quickly 
to an honored and successful practice. At the age of twenty- 
one he was elected to the Legislature, and served five terms. 

In 1816, he was elected to Congress, and was twice re- 
elected. In 1825, he was chosen Governor of Virginia. 

In 1827, he was elected to the United States Senate, 
against John Randolph. In Congress, Tyler, in turn, sup- 
ported and opposed the administration of President Jackson. 
He voted for Clay's resolutions of censure on Jackson for re- 
moving the U. S. deposits : he was subsequently instructed, 
by the Legislature of his State, to rescind that action, where- 
upon he resigned his seat, and returned to private life. He 
was nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1840 and elected. 

Ai the death of General Harrison, April 4th, 1840, Mr, 
Tyler was, on the 6th, inaugurated President. His adminis- 
tration failed to satisfy either Whigs or Democrats. Every 
member of his Cabinet, except Mr. Webster, resigned. 

In 1861 he was President of the Peace Convention, and 
afterwards a member of the Confederate Congress. He died 
at Richmond, Va., January 17th, 1862. 



190 national hand-book 

Candidates tor President and Vice-Pres., 9th Adm. 

For President. \ From. | For Vice-Pres. \ From. | Politics. 
"Wm. Henry Harrison, Ohio. John Tyler, Va. Whig. 
Martin Van Buren, N. Y. R. M. Johnson, Ky. Democrat. 
J. G. Birney, N. Y. L. W. Tazewell, S. Ca. Abolition. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 9th Administration 

Twenty-six States voting. Whole number of electors, 294. 

For President. 
Wm. Henry Harrison, 1,274,783 votes. Electoral votes 234 
Martin Van Buren, 1,128,702 " " *' 60 

J. G. Binney, 17,609 " " " 

For Vice-President. 

John Tyler, 234 Electoral votes. 
L. W. Tazewell, 11 " " 

R. M. Johnson, 48 " « 

James K. Polk, 1 « « 

President Harrison served but one month. Upon Nig 
death Vice-President Tyler became President. 

Important Events of 9th Administration « 

1841 Feb. 4. U. S. Bank failed, followed by banks ^en 

erally. 

March 4. Gen. Wm. H. Harrison inaugurated Pres 

April 4. President Harrison died in office. 

— — April 6. John Tyler inaugurated President. 

1842 Seminole War terminated. 

The " Dorr Rebellion," in Rhode Island. 

The North-eastern Boundary question settled. 

1843 Fremont explores the Rocky Mountains. 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 191 

Feb. 28. A. P. Upsher, Sec. of State, and T. W 

Gilmer, Sec. of Navy, killed by the bursting of a 
gun on the excursion steamer Princeton, on the 
Potomac. 

1844 First telegraph, from Washington to Baltimore. 

1845 March 1. President Tyler signs the bill for the an 

nexation of Texas. 

March 3. Florida admitted into the Union. 

Cabinet Officers, 9th Administration — 1841-1845. 

Secretaries of State— Darnel Webster, Mass. ; Hugh S. 
Legare, S. C. ; Abel P. Upshur, Va. ; John Nelson, Md 
John C. Calhoun, S. C. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Thomas Ewing, Ohio ; Walter 
Forward, Pa. ; John C. Spencer, N. Y. ; George N. Bibb, Ky. 

Secretaries of War — Jolm Bell, Tenn. ; John C. Spencer, 
N. Y. ; James M. Porter, Pa. ; William Wilkins, Pa. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George E. Badger, N. C. ; Abel 
B Upshur, Va. ; David Henshaw, Mass. ; Thomas W. Gilmer, 
Va. ; John Y. Mason, Va. 

Postmasters- General — -Francis Granger, N. Y. ; Charles 
A. Wickliffe, Ky. 

Attorneys- General — John J. Crittenden, Ky. ; Hugh & 
Legare, S. C. ; John Nelson, Md. 



192 national hand-book 

National Expenses and Debt, 9th Administration. 

Tear, Expenses. Debt. 

1841 $31,787,530 $ 6,737,398 

1842 32,936,876 15,028,486 

1843 12,118,105 27,203,450 

1844 33,642,010 24,748,188 

Imports and Exports, 9th Administration. 

rear. Imports. Exports. 

1841 $127,946,117 $121,851,803 

1842 , . 100,152,087 104,691,531 

1843 64,753,799 84,346,480 

1844 108,435,035 111,200,046 



OF Aiii^KlC^VJS rUUGKKbsj 



i\f^ 



TENTH A.DMINISTRATION. 




James Knox Polk, Eleventli President cf the United 
States, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was born Novem- 
ber 2d, 1795, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Polk 
and Jackson are as yet the only two Presidents born oi 
similar ancestral blood, and m the same County. His kin- 
dred had taken part in the struggle for Independence. His 
father was a farmer and a staunch Jeffersonian Democrat. 
In 1806, his family removed to Nashville, Tennessee. James 
was averse to mercantile pursuits, and after preliminary 
studies under Mr. Black, he, in 1815, entered the University 
of North Carolina, where he graduated with highest honors 
three years later. After graduatinar he returned to Nash 



194 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

ville, where be stuc'ied law, and was admitted to the bar. He 
was elected to the LegiFiature of Tennessee in 1823, and two 
years later was elected a Repi-e?entative in Congress, where he 
continued for fourteen years, and sei'ved during five sessions 
as Speaker of the House of Representatives, i^residing with 
a dignity and impartiality that gave him great popularity. 
He was elected Governor of Tennessee in 1839, but was de- 
feated in a struggle for the same honors in 1841, and also in 
1843. He was brought forward by the Democrats at their 
Baltimore Convention in May, 1844, as a candidate for the 
Presidency in opposition to that well-known statesman, Henry 
Clay. Mr. Polk favored the annexation of Texas, and 
was elected by a large majority. His inauguration was fol- 
lowed by trouble with the Government of Mexico, which 
^on developed into open war. General Taylor, with a small 
'ymy, was sent to the bank of the Rio Grande to defend the 
claims of Texas. At a later period General Scott was sent 
with a large army, which cut its way through the country 
and captured the City of Mexico, and terminated the war. 
Mr. Polk retired to private life at the close of his term, 
and died three months later, at Nashville, June 15th, 1839, 
at the age of fifty-four. 



Geo. M. Dallas, Vice-President, a statesman of rare 
ability, was born at Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. Graduated 
at Princeton in 1810. He filled many positions of honor 
and responsibility at home and abroad 



OF AMERICAN rilOGRESS. 195 

Candidates for President and Yice-Pres., 10th Adm. 
For President. I From. | For Vice-Pres. | From. | Politics. 
James K. Polk, Tenn. Geo. M. Dallas. Pa. Democrat. 
Henry Clay, Ky. T. Frelinghuysen, N. J. Whig. 
J. G. Binney,, N. Y. Abolition 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 10th Administration. 

Twenty-six iStates voting. Whole number of electors, 275 
F('' President. 

James K. Polk, 1,335,834 votes. Electoral votes 170. 

Henry Ch.y, 1,297,033 '' " " 105. 

J. G. Binney, G2,270 '^ « « 0. 

For Vice-President. 

Geo. M. Dallas, 170 Electoral votes. 

T. Frelinghuysen, 105 " " 

Important Events of the 10th Administration. 

1845 March 4. James K. Polk inaugurated President. 

Mexico declares war against the United States, 

caused by the admission into the Union of the Mexi- 
can State, Texas. See Contents for list of battles. 

Dec. 29. Texas admitted into the Union. 

1846 April 26. Thornton's party, by order of Gen. Tay ■ 

lor, cross the Rio Grande, and are captured by the 
Mexicans. First blood of the Mexican War. 

1846 May 11. Congress declares, "War existed by the 

act of Mexico." 

Mexican War. — See Contents for battles. 

Dec. 28. Iowa admitted into the Union. 

Ellas Howe Sewing Machine patented. 

1847 Sept. 14. The American army, under Gen. Scott 

enters the City of Mexico without opposition. 



196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1848 Feb. 2. Treaty of Peace with Mexico, signed at 
Gaudaloupe, which confirmed the annexation of 
Texas, and ceded to the United States California 
and New Mexico, an area of 500,000 square miles, 
by payment of $15,000,000 and assuming $3,- 
500,000 debts due citizens of the United States. 

May 29. Wisconsin admitted into the Union- 

July. Gold first discovered in California. 

Cabinet Officers, Tenth Administration — 1845-1849 

Secretary of State — James Buchanan, Pa. 

Secretary of the Treasury — Robert J. AV'alker, Mississippi 

Secretary of War — William L. Marcy, N. Y. 

Secretaries of the Navy — George Bancroft, Mass. ; John 
5r. Mason, Ya. 

Postmaster- General — Cave Johnson, Tenn. 

Attorneys- General — John Y. Mason, Va. ; Nathan Clif* 
ford, Me. ; Isaac Toucey, Conn. 

National Expenses and Debt, 10th Administration. 

Tea7 Expenses. Deht, 

184o $30,490,408 $17,093,795 

1846 27,632,282 16,750,926 

1847 60,520,851 38,926,623 

1848 60,655,143 48,526,879 

Imports and Exports, 10th Administration. 

Year, Imports. Exports. 

1845 $117,254,564 $114,646,606 

1846 121,591,797 113,488,516 

1847 , . 146,545,638 158,648,622 

1848 154,998,928 154,032,131 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS 



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198 



KATIONAL HAKD-BOOK 



ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Zachart Taylor, Twelfth President of the United 
States, was born in Orange County, Virginia, November 24th, 
1784. His father was a gallant officer in the Continental 
t^rmy, associated with Washington ; and his mother was a 
iroman of liberal ideas and of sterling worth. Soon after the 
oirth of Zachary, his parents removed to Kentucky, and settled 
in a wilderness near the present site of Louisville. The subject 
of this sketch, therefore, had few educational advantages 
He toiled on the farm during his minority, and took part in 
the rude border excitements of the period. In 1808, Presi- 
dent Jefferson gave him a lieutenant's commission in the 
Seventh U. S. Infantry. Nothiiis; of much importance, how- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESC 199 

ever, occurred in his army life for many years. The war with 
Mex'co afforded scope for the display of nis abilities. Gen, 
Taylor's extraordinary success at Monterey, and his stubborn 
resistance at Buena Vista, against a force four times as 
strong, led by the ablest general of Mexico, could not escape 
public attention. He became unboundedly popular, and wah 
elected President of the United States in November, 1848. 
He died suddenly of bilious fever July 9th, 1 850, exclaiming : 
" I have tried to do my duty ! " 

Millard Fillmore, Vice-President, succeeded Mr. Tay- 
lor, and thus became the Thirteenth President of the United 
States. He was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New- 
York, January 7th, 1800. His father, a plain man, removed 
in 1819 to Erie County, where he purchased and cultivated 
a small farm. Young Fillmore had only the most meager 
literary opportunities, being apprenticed at fourteen to a cloth- 
ier. He early found a friend in Judge Wood, who received 
him into his office, and furnished him means until he was 
admitted to legal practice. He was elected to the Legisla- 
ture of New York in 1829, and in 1832 was chosen as a 
Representative in Congress. In 1847, he was Comptroller of 
the State of New York ; and in 1848 he was elected to the 
Vice-Presidency, on the ticket with Mr. Taylor. On the 
decease of President Taylor, Mr. Fillmore was duly inaugu- 
rated and presided over the nation with the coolness and abil- 
ity that had characterized him in humble spheres. He died 
at Buffalo, N. Y., March 8th, 1874. 



200 national hand-book 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 11th Adm. 
For President. | From | For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. 
Zachary Taylor, La. Millard Fillmore, N. Y. Whig. 
Lewis Cass, Mich. Wm. 0. Butler, Ky. Democrat, 

Martin Van Buren, N. Y. Free Soil. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, IIth Administration. 

Thirty States voting. — Florida, Texas, Iowa and Wis- 
consin having been admitted during previous term. Whole 
number of Electors, 290. 
For President. 

Zachary Taylor, 1,362,031 votes. Electoral votes, 163. 

Lewis Cass, - 1,122,445 " " " 127. 

Martin Van Buren, 291,455 " « " 0. 

For Vice-President. 

Millard Fillmore, 163 Electoral votes. 

Wm. 0. Butler, 127 

President Taylor died July 9 th, 1850, and Vice-President 
Fillmore became President. 

Important Events of the 11th Administration. 

1849 March 5. Zachary Taylor inaugurated President. 

1850 July 9. Death of President Taylor. 

^— July 10. Millard Fillmore inaugurated Preside..i 

Sept. 9. California admitted into the Union. 

— Fugitive Slave Act passed. It imposed a fine of 

$1000, and six months' imprisonment, for harbor, 
ing or aiding tho escape of fugitive slaves. Re- 
pealed, 1864. 

1851 Kossuth, a Hungarian patriot, arrives in New York. 

1852 Death of Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay. 



of american progress. 201 

Cabinet Officers, IItii Administration — 1849-1853. 

Secretaries of State — John M. Clayton, Del. ; Daniel 
Webster, Mass. ; P^.Iward Everett. Mass. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — William M, Meredith, Pa- ; 
1 \ omas Corwin, Ohio. 

Secretaries of War — George W. Crawford, Ga. ; Chai les 
iM. Conrad, La. 

Secretaries of the Navy — William B. Preston, Va. ; Wil- 
liam A. Graham, N. C. ; John P. Kennedy, Md. 

Secretaries of the Interior — Thomas Ewing, Ohio ; Alex 
H. H. Stnart, Va. 

Postmasters- General — Jacob CoUmer, Va. ; Nathan K. 
Hall, N. Y. Samuel D. Hubbard. 

Attorneys- General — Reverdy Johnson, Md. ; John J. Crit- 
tenden, Ky. 

National Expenses and Debt, 11th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1849 . - $56,386,422 $64,704,693 

1850 44,604,718 64,228,238 

1851 48,476,104 62,560,395 

1852 46,712,608 65,130,692 

Imports and Exports, 11th Administration. 

Tear. Imports. Exports, 

1849 $147,857,439 $145,755,820 

1850 178,138,318 151,898,790 

1851 216,224,932 218,388,011 

1852 212,945,442 209.658,366 



202 



NATIONAL HAND-liUOlv 



TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Franklin Pierce, Fourteenth President of the United 
States, was born at Hillsborough, New Hampshire, November 
23d, 1804. His father, Benjamin Pierce, was a General in 
the Revolutionary War. After a thorough preparatory course 
he entered Bowdoin College at Brunswick, Maine, where he 
graduated in 1824. He entered the law office of Levi Wood- 
bury, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. His success in 
the practice of law was not brilliant at the outset, but by un- 
wearied industry he rose at length to the highest rank as a 
counsellor and advocate. When a young man he entered 
the political arena, and supported General Jackson. 

In 1829, he became a member of the State Legislature, 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 203 

where he remained four years, during two of which he dis- 
charged the duties of Speaker with great ability. In 1833, 
he was elected to Congress, and remained a member of it 
until 1837, when he was transferred to the Senate. 

In 1834. he was married to the daughter of Dr. Appleton 
ex-President of Bowdoin College, and established his resi 
dence at Concord, which he never changed. President Polk 
tendered him the office of Attorney-General in 1846, which he 
declined, in favor of his own legal practice, which had 
grown large and lucrative. The war with Mexico, however, 
drew him from his office. He raised a regiment of New 
England volunteers, and receiving the commission of Briga 
dier General, he departed to the Mexican frontier. At the 
head of a small division he marched to Pueblo and reinforced 
General Scott, who immediately prepared for his attack on 
the City of Mexico. Pierce had his leg broken at the battle 
of Contreras, but refused to leave the field. On the follow- 
ing day he was on duty in the fierce engagement at Churub- 
usco, where, overcome with pain and exhaustion, he fainted on 
the field. His army life was of the most excitinsr nature. 

In 1852 he was nominated by the Democrats for the Pres- 
idency, and was elected over General Scott, by an overwhelm- 
ing majority. He died at Concord, N. H., October 8th, 18G9. 



Wm. R. King, Vice-President, was born in N. C. in 1785. 
He was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1819 and served 21 
years. At the death of Pres. Harrison he was elected Pres. 
of the Senate. Died in Ala. April 18th, 1853, shortly after 
the inauguration, and never took his seat as Vice-President. 



204 national hand book 

Candidates for Presidknt and Vice-Pres., 12th Adm. 

For President, From. For Vice-President. From. Politics. 

Franklin Pierce, N. H. Wm. R. King, - Ala. Democrat. 

Winfield Scott, N. J. Wm. A. Graham, N. Ca. Whig. 
John P. Hale, N. H. Abolitiou 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 12th Administration. 

Thirty-one States voting, — California having been admitted 
during previous term. Whole number of Electors, 296. 

For President. 

Franklin Pierce 1,590,490 votes. Electoral votes 254. 

Winfield Scott 1,378,589 " " « 42. 

John P. Hale 157,296 " " " 0. 

For Vice-President. 

Wm. R. King 254 Electoral votes. 

Wm. A. Graham 42 " " 

Important Events of the 12th Administration, 

1853 March 4. Franklin Pierce inaugurated President 
-— July 13. Greytown, Central America, bombardei'l 

by U. S. man-of-war for Spanish insult to Amer- 
ican Consul. 

July 14. World's Fair, or " Crystal Palace," open 

ed in New York. 

Dr. Kane sails for the Arctic Seas. 

1854 June. " Kansas-Nebraska Bill " passed. 

1855 Anti-Slavery excitement in Kansas. 

1856 Slavery question excite*^ the political parties. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 205 

1856 June 24. President Pierce recognizes the Fili- 
buster, Gen. Wm. Walker, as President of Nica- 
raugua, who six months after was driven from the 
country by the natives. 

July 28. Panama R. R. to Aspinwall opened. 

C^ABiNET Officers, 12th Administration — 1853-1857 

Secretary of State — William M. Marcy, N. Y. 
Secretary of the Treasury — James Guthrie, Ky. 
Secretary of War — Jefferson Davis, Miss. 
Secretary of the Navy — James C. Dobbin, N. C. 
Secretary of the Interior — Robert McClernand, Mich. 
Post master- General — James Campbell, Pa. 
Attorney- General — Caleb Gushing, Mass. 

National Expenses and Debt, 12th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1853 $54,577,061 $67,340,628 

1854 75,473,119 47,242,206 

1855 66,164,775 39,969,731 

1856 72,726,341 30,963,900 

Imports and Exports, 12th Administration. 

Tear, Imports. Exports. 

1853 .... $267,978,647 $230,976,157 

1854 304,562,381 278,341,064 

1855 261,468,520 275,156,846 

1856 314,639,943 326,964,908 



206 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Buchanan, Fifteenth President of the United 
States, was born in Franklin County, Fa., April 23d, 1791. 
His parents were from the North of Ireland. He was a 
Btudious youth, and graduated with honor at Dickinson Col 
lege, when but eighteen years of age. He studied law in th< 
office of James Hopkins, of Lancaster, Pa., and was admitted 
in 1812. In his profession he had numerous and wealthy 
clients, and his practice was so extensive and remunerative, 
that at the age of forty he was able to retire with an ample 
fortune. At the age of twenty-three he was elected to the 
State Legislature of Pennsylvania. He vigorously sup- 
ported the War of 181 2-' 14, and as a private soldier marched 
bo th'e defense of Baltimore In 1820, lie was elected to ibe 



Ol<' AMKKICAN PROGRESS. 20? 

House of Representatives at Washington, where his knowl- 
edge and eloquence soon gave him extensive celebrity. 
1 lere he remained ten years, and then declined re-election. 

In 1831 President Jackson appointed him Minister Pleni- 
ootentiaiy to Russia. He accepted tiie honor, proceeded to 
^t Petersburgh, and concluded the first commercial treaty 
between the two countries. In 1 833 he returned, and was 
chosen to the U. S. Senate from Pennsylvania. 

In 1845, when President Polk formed his Cabinet, Mr. 
Buchanan became Secretary of State, which important posi- 
tion he tilled during the entire administration. 

In 1853 President Pierce tendered him the appointment 
of Minister to England, which he accepted, managing our af- 
fairs at the Court of St. James with such discretion as to 
meet with high approval. He landed again in New York in 
1856, amid great public applause. In 1857 he was selected by 
the Democrats at their Convention at Cincinnati, as the 
Ktandard-bearer of the party for the Presidency, and was 
elected by a moderate majority, two other general tickets be- 
ing defeated. Mr. Buchanan had been longer in public life 
than any of his predecessors in the Presidency, yet his ad- 
ministration was, perhaps, less satisfactory to all parties than 
that of any of our Presidents. 

The discussion on the Slavery question, which then reached 
its crisis, was the absorbing interest of the times. Senator 
Douglas divided the Democracy, but thereby only hastened 
secession. Buchanan's public career closed in a storm of 
fearful severity. He sat appalled amid the ti-eachery of high 
officials and the treason of entire States. He ruled unfor 



208 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

tunately when a Jackson or a Napoleon was needed. He 
retired to private life at the close of his term, and died at 
Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pa., June 1st, 1868. He never 
married, and was styled the bachelor President. 



John I Rreckenrit>ge, Vice-President, was born at 
Lexington, Ky., Jan. 21, 1821. A lawyer by profession. 
Elected to Congress 1851, and Vice-Pres. in 1856. Candi 
date for President in 1860. Elected to U. S. Senate 1861. 
Expelled Dec. 4, 1861. Became Confederate Major-General 
and Sec. of War at Richmond 1865. Died May 17, 1875 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 13th Ad:m. 

For President . | From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. 
James Buchanan, Pa. J. C. Breckenridge, Ky. Democrat. 
J. C. Fremont, Cal. Wm. L.Dayton, N. J. Republican. 
Millard Fillmore, N. Y. A. J. Donelson, Tenn. American. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 13th Administration 

Thirty-one States voting. Whole No. of Electors, 296. 

For President. 

James Buchanan 1,832,232 votes. Electoral votes 174. 

John C. Fremont 1,341,514 " *< " 109. 

Millard Fillmore 874,707 ** " « 8. 

For Vice-President. 

J. C. Breckenridge 174 Electoral votes. 
Wm. L. Dayton 109 " " 

A. J. Donelson 8 » « 



of AMERICAN PROGRESS. 20& 

Important Events of the 13th Administration. 

Itt57 March 4. James Buchanan inaugurated President. 

- — March 6. The Dred Scott decision rendered by 

Chief Justice Taney. Dred Scott and wife were 
slaves, held by an army surgeon. By change oi 
residence from a slave state to free territory, they 
claimed their freedom, which was denied by their 
master. The Supreme Court denied the claim, 
and they were held as slaves. 

Financial panic, and great religious revivals. 

1858 May 11. Minnesota admitted into the Union. 

Mount Vernon purchased by the ladies. 

1859 Feb. 14. Oregon admitted into the Union. 

Oil wells first discovered at Titusville, Pa. 



June 26. Commodore Tatnall of U. S. Navy, in 

retalliating for Chinese insult, said: "Blood is 
thicker than water." 

— July 4. Alexander H. Stephens advocates tb^ 

formation of a Southern Confederacy. 
1860 Sept. Prince of Wales visits the U. S. amir* g:<3a 
popular demonstration. 

1859 Oct. 16. John Brown with an armed band make t 

raid into Va. with a view to liberating slaves. 

1860 Nov. 6. Abraham Lincoln elected President. This 

is made a pretext for secession of the Southern 
States. 
■ Dec. 3. President Buchanan denies the right of a 

State to secede and asserts the rights of the U. S. 
government to coerce a rebellious state. 



210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1860 Dec. 20. South Carolina Legislatuie passed the 

ordinance of secession. 

Cabinet officers, U. S. Senators, and Members ol 

Congress from the Southern States resign. 

1861 Jan. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia an I 

Louisana secede from the Union. 

- Jan. 21. Jefferson Davis resigned his seat in U. S. 

Senate. 
Jan. 21. Kansas admitted into the Union. 

1862 Feb. 1. Texas secedes from the Union. 

Feb. 4. " Southern Confederacy " formed at Mont- 

gomery. 

Feb. 9. Jeff. Davis and A. H. Stevens eiected 

President and Vice-Pres. of the " Confederacy." 

April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumpter, first 

shot of the Civil War. 

April 15. The President called for 75,000 volun- 

teers. N. Y. State authorizes the appropriation 

of $3,000,000 for war purposes. 
.1 May 15. Queen Victoria proclaims neutrality. 
— «* Rebellion, important events of. See Contents. 



op american progress. 211 

Cabinet Officers, 13th Adm. — 1857-1861. 
Secretaries of State — Lewis Cass, Mich. ; Jeremiah S 

Black, Pa. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Howell Cobb, Ga. ; Philip F 

rhomas. Md. ; .John A. Dix, N. Y. 

Secretaries of War — John B. Floyd, Ya. ; Joseph Holt, Ky 

Secretary of the Navy — Isaac Toucy, Conn. 

Secretary of the Interior — Jacob Thompson, Mississippi. 

Postmasters- Generat — Aaron V. Brown, Tenn. ; Joseph 
Holt, Ky. ; Horatio King, Me. 

Attorneys- General — Jeremiah S. Black, Pa. ; Edwin Ml 
Stanton, Pa. 

National Expenses and Debt, 13th Administration 

Tear. Expenses. Debt. 

1857 $71,274,587 $29,060,386 

1858 82,002,180 44.910,777 

1859 83,678,648 58,754,699 

1860 77,055,125 64,769,703 

Ijiports and Exports, Thirteenth Administration. 

Tear. Imports. Exports. 

1857 $362,890,141 $362,960,608 

1868 282,613,150 324,644,421 

1859 338,768,130 356,789,641 

1860 362,162,541 400,122,296 



212 NATIONAL UANU-KOOK 

FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 







Abraham Lincoln, Sixteenth President of the United 
States, was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, on the 12th of 
February, 1809. His early home was one of extreme poT- 
erty, but of strict virtue. His mother, an intelligent Chris 
tian lady, taught him to read and write. In 1816 his pa 
rents removed to what is now Spencer County, Indiana 
Here he received a few months of schooling, the only advan- 
tages of that kind he ever enjoyed. His youth was charac- 
terized by stalwart physical growth, by great industry, 
honesty, and a thirst for learning. 

In 1830 his father removed to Decatur County, 111., and 
established himself on an uncultivated farm. Here Abraham 
split rails for fencing, which, iu later years, gave him the 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 218 

title of " rail-splitter." During the^ years he mastered aU 
the books within his reach, and hungered for more. 

In 1832, he served as captain of volunteers in the wa 
against Black Hawk, and two years later he was electevJ U 
the Legislature of Illinois, where he continued four yeai 
In 1836, he was admitted to the bar, and the following yea. 
opened an office at Springfield, and gradually rose to the 
first rank as an attorney. In politics he was a Whig in his 
early years, and in 1844 canvassed the State for Henry Clay. 
In 1846, he was elected to Congress. In 1848, he canvassed 
the State for Gen. Taylor, and in 1858, he canvassed it again 
in opposition to Judge Douglas for the U. S. Senatorship. 

In 1860, he was nominated by the Republicans for the 
Presidency, and elected, by a minority of the people, three 
other tickets being in the field. His election was made the 
occasion for the secession of States, and the attempt to de- 
stroy the Union, which President Buchanan did not prevent. 
Finding that nothing but armed force could hold the States 
together, he reluctantly accepted the issue, mustering hun- 
dreds of thousands of troops, and waging through his first 
term a war of astounding magnitude, resulting in the com 
plate triumph of the Federal authority. His Emancipation 
Proclamation, a war measure, taking effect January, 1863, 
obliterated chattel slavery forever in the United States. 

He was re-elocted by an immense popular majority in 

1864, but was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, April 14th, 

1865. He gathered around him in office the greatest minds. 
He was honest, fearless, pure, — « statesman and a patriot. 



214 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Andrew Johnson, Vice-President, succeeded Mr. Lin- 
coln, and thus became the Seventeenth President of the 
U. S. He was born at Raleigh, N. C, Dec. 29th, 1808. His 
family was so poor that he received no public schooling, and 
ftt ten was apprenticed to a tailor. He married and settled 
il Greenville, Tenn. His wife became his instructor, and he 
^oou became mayor of the town, after which he was elected 
to the Legislature, and went from that to Congress, where he 
remained for several years. He served several years in the 
U. S. Senate, and in 1862 was made Militarv Governor of 
Tennessee. Though previously a rigid pro-Slavery Democrat, 
he changed his politics and was elected on the ticket with 
Mr. Lincoln. Soon after his installation as President, a 
painful disagreement arose between him and Congress, which 
unhappily continued through his entire administration. He 
died July 30th, 1875. 

Hannibal Hamlin was born at Paris, Me., Aug. 27, 
1809. He spent his earlier years on his father's farm, com- 
menced the study of law when 21 ; and was admitted to the 
bar in 1833, was a member of the Maine Legislature four 
years, twice elected to Congress and to the U. S. Senate, in 
IS 18 was re-elected two subsequent terms of six years each, 
[n 1857 was elected Governor of Maine and Vice-President 
m 1860. 

Candidates for President and Vice-Pres., 14th Adm. 
For President. \ From. \ For Vice-Pres. \ From. \ Politics. 
iVbraham Lincoln, 111. Hannibal Hamlin, Me. Repub. 
J. C. Breckenridge, Ky. James Lane, Oreg. Dem. 

Stephen A. Douglas, 111. H V. Johnson, Ga. Dem. 
John Bell, Tenn. Edward Everett, Mass. Union, 



op american progress. 21d 

Second Term. 

Abraham Lincoln, El. Andrew Jolinson, Tenn., Repab. 

Geo. B McClellan, N. J. Geo. H. Pendleton, Ohio, Dem. 

Popular and Electoral Vote, 14th Adm 

Number of States voting, first term thirty -three. Minnesota 
and Oregon admitted during previous term. Whole number 
of electors, 303. 

For President. 

Abraham Lincoln, 1,857,610 votes. Electoral votes, 180. 

John C. Breckenridge, 847,953 " " '' 72. 

Stephen A. Douglas, 1,565,978 " « " 12 

John Bell, 590,631 " " " 89. 

¥or Vice-President. 

Hannibal Hamlin, 180 Electoral votes. 

James Lane, 72 " " 

H. V. Johnson, 12 " " 

Edward Everett, 39 " " 

Second Term. — Number of States voting, 25. Sout) 
Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee, 
Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Arkansas, Florida and 
Texas being in rebellion, did not vote. Since last election 
Kansas, West Virginia and Nebraska were admitted. Whole 
number of Electors, 233. 

For President. 

Abraham Lincoln, 3,213,035 votes. Electoral votes, 212. 
Geo. B. McClellan, 1,811,734 « « « 21 



216 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

For Vice-President. 

Andrew Johnson, 212 Electoral votes. 

Geo. H. Pendleton, 21 « « 

President Lincoln died April 1.5th, 1865, and Vic»Pre». 
ilent Johnson became President, and L. S. Foster, of Conr- 
became acting Vice-President. 



Important Events of the 14th Administration. 

1861 March 4. Abraham Lincoln inaugurated President. 

War of the Rehellion. See Contents for prominent 

events of the War. See Contents for Battles of the 
Rehellion. 

— John A. Dix, Secretary of Treasury, dispatch to 

New Orleans : '''■If any man attempt to haul down 
the American flag, shoot him on the spot.'' 

— June 10. Napoleon III. proclaims neutrality in the 

U. S. conflict. 

— Nov. 30. The British minister. Lord Lyon, ordered 

to leave the country if the confederate com- 
missioners, Mason and Slidel, were not released 
within seven days. 
I Dec. 30. N. Y. banks suspend specie payment, follow - 

ed by other cities — silver resumed fifteen years 
later. May, 1876, by act of Congress. 

1862 July 1. The President calls for 300,000 more troops , 

1863 Jan. 1. President Lincoln's Emancipation Proc- 

lamation goes into effect (issued Sept. 22, 1862). 
— — June 20. West Virginia admitted into the Union. 

July 13-16. Great Draft Riots in N. Y. and other 

cities. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 217 

1864 Feb. 1. President orders a draft for more men. 

July 18. President calls for 500,000 volunteers. 

Oct. 31. Nevada admitted into the Union. 

1865 Ai3ril 9. Surrender of Lee's army to Grant. 

— — April 14. President Lincoln assassinated by John 
Wilkes Booth. 

Andrew Johnson inaugurated President. 

27. Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln, mort- 

tally wounded and captured. 

May 10. Jefferson Davis captured in Georgia. 

Dec. 18. Slavery abolished by the ratification of 

Fifteenth Amendment by three-fourths of the 
States. 

1866 Atlantic Cable successfully laid. 

Feb. 19. The Freedman's Bureau bill, requiring 

the government to take care of the emancipated 

slaves and poor whites of the South. Vetoed by 

Pres. Johnson. The bill passed over his veto July 16. 

— — March. 27. The Civil Rights Bill which accorded 

to the negro every right enjoyed by the white 

man, vetoed by the President. The bill passed 

Congress over his veto, April 9. 

1867 March 1. Nebraska admitted as a State. 

May 13. Horace Greeley and others sign Jefferson 

Davi's bail bond at Richmond, Va., and he is released 

June 20. Alaska purchased from Russia for $7,- 

200,000. 

1868 Feb. 24. Pjesident Johnson impeached by the 

House, and acquitted May 16. 



218 national hand-book 

Cabinet Officeks, 14th Administration — 1861-1869. 

Secretary of State. — William H. Seward, N. Y. 

Secretaries of the Treasury. — Salmon P. Chase, Ohio ; 
William Pitt Fessenden, Me. ; Hugh McCulloch, Ind. 

Secretaries of War. — Simon Cameron, Pa.; Edwin ]\I. 
Stanton, Pa. ; Ulysses S. Grant, 111. ; John M. Schofield, Mo 

Secretary of the Navy. — Gideon Wells, Conn. 

Secretaries of the Interior. — Caleb B. Smith, Ind. ; John 
p. Usher, Ind.; James Harlan, Iowa; 0- H. Browning, 111. 

Postmasters- General. — Montgomery Blair, Md. ; William 
Dennison, Ohio ; Alex. W. Randall, Wis. 

Attorneys- General. — Edward Bates, Mo. ; James J. Speed. 
Ky. ; Henry Stanberry, Ohio ; William M. Evarts, N. Y. 
National Expenses and Debt, 14th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1861 $ 85,387,313 $ 90,867,828 

1862 570,841,700 514,211,371 

1863 805,796,630 1,098,796,181 

1864 1,298,144,656 1,740,690,489 

1865 1,897,674,224 2,682,593,026 

1866 1,141,072,666 2,783,425,879 

1867 1,093,079,655 2,692,199,215 

1868 1,069,889,970 2,636,320,964 

Imports and Exports, 14th Administration. 

Tear. Imports. Exports. 

1861 $286,598,135 $243,971,277 

1862 275,357,051 229,938,985 

1863 252,919,920 322,359,254 

1864 329,562,895 301,984,561 

1865 234,339,810 336,697,123 

1866 445,512,158 550,684,299 

1867 411,733,309 438,577,312 

1868 373,400,448 , 454,301,713 



UF AMERICAN PKOGRESS. 



219 



FIFTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Ulysses S. Grant, Eighteenth President of the United 
States, was born of good English ancestry, at Point Pleasant, 
Clermont County, Ohio, April 27th, 1822. His grandfather, 
Noah Grant, fonglit at the battle of Lexington, and was pro- 
moted tu the rank of captain. Ulysses attended school at 
the Academy at Ripley, Ohio, after which he entered the 
Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated May 
15th, 1839, being then scarcely eighteen years of age. He 
ranked as a fair, general scholar, and excelled in mathematics. 

He took part in the Mexican War, distinguishing himself 
for coolness and bravery, and was promoted to the rank of 
captain in 1853. He remained with his regiment until 1854, 
when he resigned, and in complete poverty returned to private 



220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

life. He tried farming and real estate business with but 
moderate success, after which he became a partner with hii 
father in the leather trade, at Galena, 111. Here he remained 
until President Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 troops. Hf 
wrote to the authorities at Washington, tendering his service* 
but received no reply. He marched to Springfield at the 
head of a company of volunteers. Governor Yates needed 
some one with military knowledge to assist him, and so made 
him his mustering officer. He soon held a colonel's commis- 
sion, and two months later was made Brigadier-General. On 
the 15th of February, 1862, he captured Fort Donelson, after 
much hard fighting, which was the first great victory of the 
war. His reply to the rebel General who attempted to delay 
his operations, "I propose to move immediately on your 
works," was caught up and repeated all through the country. 
Grant's reputation as a fighting General was now estab- 
lished. At Pittsburgh Landing he was surprised : his army 
and his reputation suffered somewhat, but he grasped victory 
in his defeat. 

The capture of Vicksburg, and the consequent openmg of 
the Mississippi River, was hailed with the wildest deligl t ali 
over the North, and by common consent Grant became, in 
fact, the Generalissimo of the forces of the United States, 
His rapid promotions had no evil effects upon him. Placed 
in command of 700,000 armed men, he announced that his 
headquarters would be in the field, and promptly inaugurated 
two grand movements, the success of which ended the strug- 
gle. One of these against Atlanta, Georgia, he committed to 
General Sherman ; the other against Richmond, he conducted 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 221 

himself. Driven from his stronghold, Lee, with the remnant 
of a great army, retreated to Appomattox Court House, 
where he surrendered to Grant, and the war ended. Grant's 
conduct in this great triumph was marked by a delicacy that 
extorted praise from his bitterest enemies on both sides. 

On the 21st of May, 1868, Grant was nominated for the 
Presidency, and was elected over Horatio Seymour by a 
large majority. His first term gave such satisfaction that he 
was re-nominated, June 5th, 1872, and was elected over 
Horace Greeley. President Grant has been an honest, 
virtuous Exective officer. His tenacity for his friends, 
leading to the exclusion of more capable men, has some- 
what dimmed the glory of his administration. 

In May, 1877, he made an extended tour around the 
world, and his receptions were perfect ovations. He was 
a leading candidate for a Third Presidential term in the 
National Republican Convention of 1880. 

Schuyler Colfax was born in N. Y. City, Mar. 23, 1823. 
Removed to Indiana in 1836, and studied law and afterwards 
edited a newspaper. In 1851 was elected to Congress and 
:ix times re-elected. He served three terms as speaker of 
he House and was elected Vice-Pres. in 1860. 

Hp.nrt Wilson was born at Farmington, N. H., Feb. 16, 
1812. Apprenticed to a farmer till 21 years of age, then 
followed shoemaking at Natick, Mass. He was a close 
student and filled numerous positions of trust and honor in 
his own State, was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1855, and 
served that body till elected Vice-Pres. iu 1808. Died at 
Washington Not.— 1875. 



222 national hand-book 

Candidates for President and Vice-President, 
15th Adm. 

For Pres. From. For Vice-Pres. From. Politico. 

Ulysses S. Grant, 111., Schuyler Colfax, Ind. Republican. 
Lioratio Seymour, N. Y., Francis P. Blair, Mo. Democrat. 

Second Term, 

Ulysses S. Grant, 111., Henry Wilson, Mass. Republican. 
Horace Greeley, N. Y., B. Gratz Brown, Mo. Liberal. 

Popular and Electoral Vote.— 1 5^^^ Administra- 
tion. — Thirty-four States voting, Va., Miss., and Texas had 
no vote. They had not been re-admitted since the Rebel- 
lion. Whole number of Electors, 294. 

For President. 

U. S. Grant, 3,015,887 votes ; Electoral votes, 2U. 

Horatio Seymour, 2,703,249 votes ; Electoral votes, 80. 

For Vice-President. 

Schuyler Colfax, Electoral votes, 214. 
Francis P. Blair, " *' 80. 

Second jTerm.— Thirty-seven States voting. Whole num- 
ber of Electors, 360. 

For President. 

U. S. Grant, 3,597,070 votes ; Electoral votes, 300. 
Horace Greeley, 2,834,079 votes. Would have received 
74 Electoral votes. He died before Electoral College met. 

For Vice-President. 

Henry Wilson, Electoral votes, 300. 
B. Gratz Brown, ** 66. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 223 

Important Events During ISth Adminis- 
tration. 

1869 March 4. U. S. Grant inaugurated President 
— ^— Nov. 4. Death of George Peabody. 

1870 Oct. 12. Death of Gen. Robert E. Lee. 

1871 Jan. 26. Congress repeals the income tax. 

. March 5 Great riot (Chinaman's) in San Fran 

cisco. 

July 12. Orange Riot (attacked by Catholics) in 

N. Y. 

Oct. 7-9. The great Chicago fire. 

" 8. Great forest fires in Wis. and Mich. 

" 26. Wm. M. Tweed and others arrested for 

frauds on N. Y. city. 

1872 March 26. Great earthquake and loss of life in 

Cal. 

June 17. The World's Peace Jubilee (Gilmore's) 

in Boston. 
— — Nov. 9-10. The great Boston fire. 

Barnum's Museum destroyed by fire in New York. 

4S73 Jan. 20. U. S. troops defeated by Modoc Indians. 
'. April 11. Gen Canby and Rev. Dr. Thomas mur 

dered by Modoc Indians. 

8ept. 18. Failure of Jay Cooke & Co., and othera 

on Wall street, followed by panic of 1873. 

.._._ Oct. 3. Capt. Jack and other Modoc Indians ex- 
ecuted. 

Nov. 19. W. M. Tweed convicted for defrauding 

City of New York. 
1874 March 11. Death of Charles Sumner. 
May 16. Mill River (Mass.) Reservoir Disaster. 

Fearful loss of life. 

- Nov. 1. Arrival of Kalakana, King of Hawiular 

Islands. 



224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

1875 Jan. 23. East Eiver spanned by an Ice Bridge ; and 

pedestrians cross from Brooklyn to New York. 

April 19. 100th Anniversary of the Battles of Concord 

and Lexington. 

- June 17. Centennial Celebration of Bunker Hill. 
31. Death of Ex-President Andrew Johnson. 

Nov, 22. Death of Vice-President Henry Wilson. 

Nov. 24. Death of William B. Astor. Aged 84. The 

wealthiest man in America ; estimated at $150,000,000. 

1876 April 10. Death of A. T. Stewart, the Merchant Prince. 

April 15. Dom Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, visits Wash- 

ington, New York, and the West. 

April 18. President Grant vetoes the bill reducing the 

President's salary from $50,000 to $25,000 per annum. 

May 10. Grand Opening of the World's Fair Centennial 

Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

May 17. Eepublication Convention at Cincinnati nomi- 

nates R. B. Hayes of O. for President, and Wm. A. 
Wheeler of N. Y. for Vice President. 

June 26. Gen. Custer and 311 United States troops 

defeated and killed by Sioux Indians, led by Sitting 
Bull. 
*— June 28. Democratic Convention, at St. Louis, nomi- 
nates S. J. Tilden of N. Y. for President, and T. A 
Hendricks of Ind. for Vice President. 

August 1. Colorado admitted as the Centennial State. 

August 14. East River spanned by the first wire in the 

construction of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge. 

Dec. Brooklyn Theatre burned ; 300 lives lost. 

28. Ashtabula, Ohio, Railroad disaster. P. P. Bliss 

and wife, and 60 others killed. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



225 



Cabinet Officers, 15th Administration — 1869-1877. 

Secretary of State — Hamilton Fish, N. Y. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — B. H. Bristow, Ky. ; Lot M. 
Morrell, Vt. 

Secretaries of War — Wm. W. Belknap, Iowa ; J. D. Cam- 
eron, Pa. 

Secretary of the Navy — Geo. M. Robeson, N. J. 

Secretary of the Interior — C. Delano, Ohio : Z. Chandler, 
Mich. 

Attorney- General— YA\^^. Pierrepont, N. Y. 

Postmasters- General — J. A. Creswell, Md. ; Marshall 
Jewell, Conn. ; Joseph N. Tyner, Ind. 

National Expenses and Debt, 15th Administration. 



Year. 








Expenses. 


Debt, 


1869 .... $322,865,277.80 


$2,588,452,213.94 


1870 


. 




309,653,560.75 


2,480,672,427.81 


1871 






292,177,188.25 


2,353,211,332.32 


1872 






277,517,962.67 


2,253,251,328.78 


1873 






290,345,245.33 


2,202,952,993.20 


1874 






287,133,873.17 


2,192,930,468.43 


1875 


. . 




274,623,392.84 


2,173,869,531.95 


1876 


• 




. 258,459,797.33 


2,146,730,067.15 


Imports and Exports, 15th Administration. 


Year. Imports. 


Exports. 


1869 .... $437,314,255 


$343,256,077 


1870 








. 462,377,587 


450,927,434 


1871 








341,000,000 


541,500,000 


1872 








640,000,000 


523,900,000 


1873 








693,600,000 


542,600,000 


1874 








. 595,800,000 


653,000,000 


1875 








. 553,900,000 


605,500,000 


1876 








476,500,000 


599,500,000 



226 KATIONAJ. HAND-BOOK 

SPECIAL ACT OF CONGRESS, 

Goncernhig the Electoral Vote for President, 1876. 

In consequence of alleged frauds and irregularities in certain States, eacb 
party cJaimed the election, and, accordingly, sent returns to the Electoral Col- 
lege, which made special legislation necessary. 

The following is the euostance of the bill : 

The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in the hall of the latter, 
on the first Tuesday in February, 1877, and there witness the opening of the cer- 
tificates of the electoi'al votes of the several States in alphabetical order, the 
president of the Senate presiding. Where only one return is made the president 
shall call for objections ; if any are presented the Senate uhall withdraw, and 
8uch objections shall be submitted for its decision ; the Hwise shall in like man* 
ner consider the objections, and the same shall not be rejected, except on th» 
affirmative vote of the two houses. 

The electoral vote of such States as shall return more than one certificate of 
electoral vote shall be submitted to the judgment and decision of acommissior* 
of fifteen members, composed as follows : Five members each of the Senate and 
House of Representatives, appointed by their respective bodies, and five associ- 
ate judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, now assigned to the first, 
third, eighth and ninth circuits ; these four shall select the fifth member. Th« 
judge longest in commission shall be the president of the same. 



MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION. 

Senators. Representatives. 

Hon. Geo. F. Edmunds, Hon. Henry B. Patkts, 

" Oliver P. Morton, " Eppa Hunton, 

" Fred. T. Frelinghutsen, " Josiah G. Abbott, 

" At.t.en G. Thurman, " James A. GARFiBua, 

" Thomas F. Bayard. " GsoRaE F. Hoar. 



Judges of the Supreme Court. 

Judge Nathan Clifford, First Circuit. 
" William Strong, Third Circuit. 
" Samuel F. Miller, Eighth Circuit. 
'• Stephen J, Field, Ninth Circuit. 
*• Joseph P. Bradley, Fifth Circuit. 



OF AMERICAK PROGRESS. 227 

SIXTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




Rutherford Birchard Hayes, the nineteenth Predi- 
dent of the United States of America, was born in Dela- 
ware, Ohio, on the fourth of October, 1822. His ancestors 
settled in this country in the Seventeenth Century, and 
they were held in high esteem and honored as valued 
members of society. Some of them rendered faithful 
services in the war of the Revolution. The blood that 
flowed in their veins belonged to the world's best type — 
the blood of noble England and sturdy Scotland. He 
graduated with distinction at Kenyon College at the age 
of twenty. 

He chose the law as a profession, graduating at Har- 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

vard University Law School in 1845. He immediately 
began the practice of law in Cincinnati, and soon was 
recognized as one of the most accomplished and brilliant 
members of the profession. 

In 1858 he was elected and for three years held the 
office of City Solicitor. At the commencement of the 
civil war he was on the high way to political preferment, 
and was a candidate for Congressional honors ; but he 
deliberately thrust aside the alluring prize, and joined 
the brave defenders of the nation, in the hour of its 
vreakness and peril. He was a positive Unionist, and 
boldly avowed his sentiments. 

In May, 1861, he recruited the Twenty-third Ohio 
Volunteers, and was appointed Major. 

Not having a military education, he transferred the 
command to Col. W. S. Rosecrans, and served as Judge 
Advocate on his staff. Afterwards he received the com- 
mission of Lieutenant-Colonel, and in August, 1862, with 
McClellan's army, soon after participated in the battles 
of Rich Mountain and Antietam. In the battle of South 
Mountain he was severely wounded, and had to be carried 
from the field. In the fall of 1862 his command was 
again assigned to service in Western Virginia. 

It participated in the battle of Floyd Mountain, in 
1864, and afterwards joined General Hunter's command 
in the Shenandoah Valley. In the battle of Winchester 
Col. Hayes gallantly led the First Brigade of Gen. 
Crook's command into action. Subsequently in the 
battles of Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, he displayed 



OP AMERICAN PHOGRESS. 229 

great gallantry, and was accordingly brevetted Major- 
General, for his meritorious conduct. 

Before the close of the war he was elected to Congress, 
and in 1866 he was re-elected, but res-igned before the 
close of his term, in order to accej^t the nomination of 
Governor by the Republican party of Ohio. In 1S67 he 
was elected Governor of Ohio, and served his third term 
with marked ability and fidelity. In 1876 he was the 
Republican candidate for President against S. J. Tilden. 
The disputed vote of four States was intrusted to a 
commission of 15, appointed by a special act of Con- 
gress, which decided 8 to 7 for Hayes. 

Mr. Hayes, as a Presidential executive, maintained 
his spotless reputation as a soldier and a citizen of 
high moral character, and discharged faithfully his 
duties as a statesman with unswering fidelity to the best 
interest of the country against opposition and adverse cir- 
cumstances. 



William A. Wheeler, Vice-President, was born at 
Malone, Franklin County, New York, June 30th, 1819, 
His ancestors were of English and Welsh extraction. 
He entered the University of Vermont in 1836, studied 
law, and was admitted to the Bar. In 1849-50 was 
elected a member of the Assembly, by the Whig party. 

In 1858 he was elected State Senator and President of 
the Senate pro tem. In 1859 he was elected to the 
XXXVIIth Congress, and in 1867 to the XLIst Congress, 
and retained his seat till elected Vice-President. 



230 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Candidates for President and Vice-Pres. 1 6th Adm. 

For Pres. \ M'om \ For VicePres. \ From \ Politics. 

R. B. Hayes, Ohio. W. A. Wheeler, N. Y. Rep. 

S. J. Tilden, N. Y. T.A.Hendricks, Indiana. Dera. 

Peter Cooper, N. Y. S. F. Cary, Ohio. Gr'nb'k 

G. C. Smith, N.Y. R J. Stewart, Ohio. P'h'b'n. 



Popular and Electoral Vote, — \Wk Administration. 

Thirty-eight States voting. Colorado admitted since last 
election. Whole number of Electoral votes, 369.* 

For President. 

R. B. Hayes, 4,033,295 .... Electoral Votes, 185 

S. J. Tilden, 4,284,265 " "184 

Peter Cooper, 81, V37 (Greenback), " " 

G. C. Smith, 9,522 (Prohibition), " " 

For Vice-President. 

W.A.Wheeler, Electoral Votes, 185 

T.A.Hendricks, " " 184 

* The election was contested in Louisiiina, South Carolina, Florida and Ore- 
goir. By a special act of Congress a Commission of Fifteen was appointed to 
gettle the question. They decided 8 to 7 for Hayes. 



THE OATH. 

I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be), that I will 

impartially examine and consider ali questions submitted to the commission of 
which I am a member, and a true judgment give thereon, agreeably to the Con- 
stitution and the laws ; so help me God. 

The commission was occupied from February Ist to March 2d, chiefly in 
adjudicating the returns from Florida, South Carolina, Oregon and Louisiana. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 231 

Important Events, 16th Administration. 

1877 Jan. 4. Death of Cornelius Vanderbilt, the Railroad 

King — aged 83. 

Jan. 26 The Electoral Commission bill passes the 

House by a vote of 191 to 86. 

March 2, The Electoral Commission Count completed 

after a two months' session, and the election of Hayes 
and Wheeler formally declared. 

March 4— Sunday. R. B. Hayes, the 19th President, took 

the oath, and was publicly inaugurated Monday, the 5th. 

July 21. The great railroad strike aud riot throughout 

the United States. 
- — Aug. 30. Gen. Miles, with a loss of 26 killed and 47 
wounded, kills 17 and wounds 40 Nez Perces Indians, at 
Bear Paw Mountain. 

Dec. 28. Gloucester Fishing Fleet lose 37 lives and 

several vessels. 

1878 Feb. 13. Judgment entered in New York against Wm. 

M. Tweed for $10,851,196. 

April 12. Wm. M. Tweed dies in Ludlow Street Jail. 

July 12. Wm. Cullen Bryant dies at his residence, New 

York. Age, 84. 

July Yellow Fever rages at Vicksburg, Memphis, etc. 

Nov. 6. The body of A. T. Stewart stolen from family 

vault. 

Dec. 18. Gold at par for the first time since 1862. 

1879 Jan. 1. Specie payment resumed by act of Congress. 

Gold at par, and no run upon the Treasury or banks. 

March 1. President Hayes vetoed the Anti-Chinese Bill. 

Veto sustained in the House by 95 to 109 for the bill. 

March 18. 46th Congress met in extra session ; Samuel 

J. Randall, Democrat, chosen Speaker of the House by 



232 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

144 votes, to 135 for J. A. Garfield, Republican; 13 for 
H. B. Wright, National Greeuback, and 1 for W. D. 

Kelley. 

April 26. President Hayes issued a proclamation warn- 

ing settlers not of the Indian race from the Indian Ter- 
ritory. 

July 1. Yellow Fever at Memphis— Southern ports 

quarantined. 

July 21. United States Government orders 1,500 tents 

and rations for 10,000 people to Memphis, in aid of suf- 
ferers from yellow fever. 

July 9. James Gordon Bennett, of the New York Herald. 

sends the steam yacht Jeannette to discover the North 
West Passage. 

Sept. 20. Gen. Grant reaches San Francisco homeward- 

bound on his two years and a half tour around the world. 

Nov. 15. The French (7th) Trans- Atlantic Cable landed 

at North Eastham, Mass. (Cape Cod), from Brest, 
France. 
1880 June 8. The Republican National Convention, at Chicago, 
on the 36th ballot, nominated J. A. Garfield for Presi- 
dent, and C. A. Arthur, of New York, for Vice-Presi- 
dent. 

June 11. Steamers Stoniugton and Narragansett collided 

in Long Island Sound — the latter burned and sunk ; 48 
lives lost. 

June 23. The Democratic National Convention, at Cin- 

cinnati, nominated W. S. Hancock for President, and 
Wm. H. English for Vice-President. 

- July 19. Steamer Dessoug arrives in N. Y. Harbor with 

Cleopatra's Needle, for Central Park ; 69 ft. 6 in. high 
and 196 tons weight. Presented by the Khedive of Egypt 
toN Y City. 



of american progress. 288 

Cabinet Officers, 16th Administration — 1877 — 1881. 

William M. Evarts, of New York, Secretary of State. 

John Sherman, of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury. 

George W. McCrary, of Iowa, Secretary of War. 

Richard W. Thompson, of Indiana, Sec. of the Navy, 

C-^RL ScuuRz, of Missouri, Secretary of the Interior. 

David M. Key, of Tennessee, 
Horace Maynard, " 

Charles Devens, of Massachusetts, Attorney- General, 



[• Postmaster- General. 



National Expenses and Debt, 16th Administration. 

Year. Expenses. Debt. 

1877 $565,299,898.91 $2,205,301,392.10 

1878 590,641,271.70 2,256,205,892.53 

1879 966,393,692.69 2,245,495,072.04 

1880 264,847,637.36 1,904,881,165.75 



Imfobts and Exports, 16th Administration. 

y^iar. Imports. Exports. 

1877 $451,323,126 $676,115,592 

1878 437,051,532 722,811,815 

1879 446,777,775 717,093,777 

1880 760,989,056 852,781,577 



234 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



SEVENTEENTH ADMINISTRATION. 




James Abram Garfield, the Twentieth President 
of the United States, was born November 19th, 1831, 
about fifteen miles south-east of Cleveland, in Orange, 
Cuyahoga Co., Ohio. He came of plain New England 
stock, his father, Abram Garfield, being a farmer in 
very moderate circumstances, who died in 1833. James 
was the youngest of a family of four. With an absorb- 
ing ambition to secure an education; — by his activity 
and perseverance on the farm, in the carpenter shop 
as driver and boatman on the canal, and in the ship- 
yard of Captain William Treat, near Cleveland, he 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 235 

earned a living, he secured a district school education 
during winters. In the spring of 1849, James entered 
Geauga Academy, where, by industry, he paid his way 
and graduated at Williams College in 1856. 

The next year, being twenty -six years old, he was 
made a teacher and subsequently principal of the Col- 
lege at Hiram, Ohio, which place he held, until entering 
the army in 1861. Having raised a company in the Col- 
lege and was assigned the rank of Colonel, under com- 
mand of General Buell, and brevetted Major-General 
for meritorious conduct at Chickamauga. In 1863 he 
was elected a member of the House of Representatives 
from what was familiarly known as the " Giddings 
District ; " and was continuously re-elected from the 
same district by overwhelming majorities. He was a 
representative type of the American Statesman, a man 
of the people, devoted to the public good, with an 
honesty of purpose that won the confidence of his 
fellows. 

His eloquence was impressive ; a notable instance is 
that of his address to an excited audience in Wall 
street, New York, on the morning after the assassina- 
tion of President Lincoln ; — "God reigns, and the 
Government at Washington still lives " are memorable 
words. He was selected in the winter of 1877 as a 
member of the Electoral Commission and at the eleva- 
tion of Mr. Blaine to the Senate, the acknowledged 
leader of the Eepublican party in the House of Keprc' 



236 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

sentatives, in 1880 elected to succeed Senator Thurman 
in the Senate of the United States. 

General Garfield was a Delegate-at-large from Ohio 
to the National Republican Convention ; his speech, 
presenting Senator John Sherman as a candidate, was 
universally applauded as a model of dignified oratory. 
The more prominent candidates before the Convention 
were dropped one after another, and on the 36th ballot, 
he received the nomination for President, was elected, 
and on March 4th, 1881, was inaugurated. His inaugu- 
ral address forshadowed a firm and vigorous ad minis* 
tration, a conscientious regard for the best interests of 
all sections, and a determination to promote harmony 
and good-will. 

President Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a 
disappointed office-seeker, at twenty minutes past nine 
on Saturday, July 2d, in the Baltimore station at 
Washington, a few minutes before he was to take the 
train to New York. He resisted the shock for a time ; 
by advice of attending physicians was removed to 
Elberon, New Jersey, September 7th, where he gradu- 
ally sank and died at 10.35 p.m., on the 19th. He was 
buried at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio. 

His public services are recorded in the War Depart- 
ment and in the Annals of Congress, and these, with 
his life as a man, a son, a husband, a father, a ripe 
scholar, will be among the most instructive and remark- 
able of all the biographies of any age. 



OF AMERICAN PEOGKESS. 237 

Chester Alan Arthur, Vice-President, succeeded 
General Garfield, and thus became the twenty-first 
President of the United States. 

He was born in Franklin County, New York, Octo- 
ber 6th, 1830, and was educated at Union College, 
Schenectady, N. Y., where he graduated in 1848. 

In 1853 he commenced the practice of Law in New 
York, where he won considerable legal celebrity. 
Previous to the outbreak of the Civil War he was 
Judge Advocate of the Second Brigade of the State 
Militia, and Governor Morgan appointed him Engineer- 
in-Ohief of his staff. In 1861 he was made Inspector- 
General, and soon afterwards became Quarter-master 
General. In each of these offices he rendered great 
service to the Government during the war. In 1872 
he was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, 
which position he held until 1878. From that time up 
to his nomination for Vice-President he devoted his 
time to his law business. 

His Administration was active and aggressive in its 
policy and contributed largely to the growth and sta- 
bility of the nation. 

Candidates for President and Vice-President, 
17th Administration. 

For Pres. From. For Vice-Pres. From. Politics. 

J. A. Garfield, Ohio. C. A. Arthur, N. Y. Rep. 

W. S. Hancock, Penn. W. H. English, Ind. Dem. 

J. B. Weaver, Iowa. B. J. Chambers, Texas. Grnb'k. 

Neil Dow, Me. H. A. Thompson, Ohio. P'h'b'n. 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Popular and Electoral Vote. — \1th Administration. 

Thirty-eight States voting. Whole number of Electors 
369. 

Fob President. 

J. A. Garfield, 4,450,921 Votes. Electoral Votes, 214 
W.S.Hancock, 4,447,888 " " " 155 

J. B. Weaver. 307,740 " " " 

Neil Dow, 10,305 " " " 

For Vice-President. 

Chester A. Arthur Electoral Votes, 214 

W. H. English, " "155 

Important Events — 17th Administration. 

1881 Feb. 22. The Egyptian Obelisk accepted with 
impressive ceremonies in New York. Expenses, 
$105,000, of transportation and erecting were 
paid by William H. Vanderbilt. 

March 4. James A. Garfield inaugurated as 20th 

President of the United States. 

May 16. Senators Conkling and Piatt of New 

York, resigned from the United States Senate. 

June 23. Steamer Jeannette fitted out by James 

Gordon Bennett ; crushed in the Arctic Sea, 
Lat. 77. Lon. 157. 

July 2. President Garfield shot, byC. J.Guiteau. 

Sept. 19. President Garfielddied at Elberon,N. J. 

Sept. 20. General Arthur qualified as President 

of the United States. 

Dec. 12. Ex-Senator F. T. Frelinghuysen of N. J., 

appointed Sec, of State, in place of J. G. Blaine, 



OF AMEKICAN PROGRESS. 239 

1882 Feb. 16. The House of Representatives at 

Washington, fixed the membership of that body 
at 325. 

March 16. The Secretary of War reported 

85,000 persons were made destitute by the over- 
flow of the Mississippi ; Government relief fur- 
nished. 

April 4. President Arthur vetoed the 20 years 

Anti-Chinese Bill. 

April 27. Ralph W. Emerson, died, aged 79. 

April 28. Second Anti-Chinese Bill passed 

making the term of exclusion ten years. 

June 30. Charles J. Guiteau executed. 

Aug. 2. Both Houses of Congress passed the 

River and Harbor Bill over the President's veto. 

Nov. 7. Grover Cleveland elected Democratic 

Governor of Nevv^ York by 193,825 majority. 

1883 Jan. 4. General B. F. Butler (Democrat) in- 

augurated Governor of Massachusetts. 

Feb. 13. Great flood at Cincinnati, Ohio, which 

reached 60 feet. 

March 5. Gov. Alex. H. Stephens, of Georgia, 

died. 

March 28. Survivors of the Jeannette Polar 

Expedition arrived in New York city. 

April 4. Peter Cooper, the Philanthropist, died 

at New York. 

May 24. The New York and Brooklyn Bridge 

opened. 



240 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

June 15. Jury in the Star Eoute (Postal Service) 

trial acquitted all tlie defendants. 
June 22. Work of excavating Bedloe's Island, 

N. Y., for the pedestal of Bartholdi Statue 

began. Corner stone laid, August 6, 1884. 
August 12-17. Strike of telegraph operators 

throughout the United States, and its failure. 
Oct. 1. Two-cent letter postage went into effect 

throughout the United States. 
1R84, Feb. Great floods (66 feet) in the Ohio Valley. 

Estimated damage, $15,000,000. 
Jan. 21. U. S. House of Representatives repeal the 

Civil War iron-clad oath with only one negative 

vote. 
March 28-30. Mob in Cincinnati growing out of 

acquittal of murderers — 42 killed and 120 

wounded. City Hall burned, damage, $6,000,000. 

April 7. U. S. House of Representatives pass 

the Educational Bill, appropriating $77,000,000 
among States in proportion to illiteracy. 

May 6. Grant (Gen.) and Ward failure in New 

York for $16,000,000 followed by suspension of 
Metropolitan Bank and great stock panic. 

June 23. Lieut. Greely and six Arctic explorers 

rescued; 17 of 25 perished by starvation after 

reaching lat. 83° 24'. 
Dec. 6. Cap-stone of the Washington monument 

(began July 4th, 1845) laid, 470 feet high. 
Dec. 16. Openiijg of World's Fair and Cotton 

Centennial Exposition at New Orleans. 



of american progress. 241 

Cabinet Officers, 17th Administration — 1881-5. 

Secretaries of State — James G. Blaine, Maine ; 
Fredrick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — William. Windom, 
Minnesota ; Charles J. Folger, New York. 

Secretary of War — Robert T. Lincoln, Illinois. 

Secretary of the Navy — William H. Hunt, Louisi- 
ana ; William E. Chandler, New Hampshire. 

Secretary of the Interior — Samuel J. Kirk wood, 
Iowa ; Henry M. Teller, Col. 

Postmasters Gentral — Thomas L. James, New York; 
Timothy C. Howe, Wisconsin ; Walter Q. Gresham, 
of Indiana. 

Attorneys General. — Wayne McYeagh, Pennsyl- 
vania ; Benjamin Harris Brewster, Pennsylvania. 



National Expenses and Debt, 1 7th Administration. 


Year. 


Expenses. 


Debt. 


1881. . 


$259,665,638.81 


1,778,285,340.65 


1882. . 


257,981,439.57 


1,622,956,899.69 


1883. 


265,408,137.54 


1,509,785,060.85 


1884. 


344,126,244.38 


1,438,542,995.39 



Imports and Exports, 17th Administration. 

Year, Imports. Exports. 

1881. . . $753,240,125 $921,784,193 

1882. . . 767,111,964 799,959,736 

1883. . . 751,670,305 885,659,735 

1884. . . 705,123,925 807,646,992 



242 i^ATlOXAL HA^TD BOOK 

EIGHTEENTH ADMINISTRATION, 




{Biography of President Cleveland see page 585.] 

Thomas Andrews Hendricks, Vice-President of 
United States and Ex-Governor of Indiana, was born 
near Zanesville, Ohio, September 7, 1819. In 184 L 
graduated from Hanover College, was admitted to the 
bar in 1843, at the age of 28 was chosen a member 
of the State Legislature, represented the Indianapolis 
district for 5 years in Congress, was chosen United 
States Senator for the term ending March, 1869, was 
elected Governor of his State in 1872, was nominated 
for Vice-President on the ticket witli Samuel J. Tilden 
for President, and although the ticket got a majority of 
popular votes, the Electoral Commission, because of al- 
leged frauds, decided in favor of Hayes and Wheeler. 
Was again nominated for the Vice-Presidency in 1884, 
on the ticket with Grover Cleveland, was elected, entered 
upon office March 4, 1884, and died November 25, 1885. 



OF AMERICAK PROGRESS. 243 

Cakdidates for President and Vice-President, 
18th Administration. 

For Pres. From. For Vice-Pres. From. Politics. 

Grover Cleveland, N. Y. T. A. Hendricks, Ind. Dem. 

James G. Blaine, Me. John A. Logan, 111. Rep. 

John P. St. John, Kan. William Daniel, Md. P'h'b'n. 

Benj. F. Butler, Mass. A. M. West, Miss. G'nb'k. 

Popular and Electoral Vote.— 18^^ Administration. 

Thirty-eight States voting. Whole number Electors 401, 

For President. 

Grover Cleveland, 4,911,017 Votes. Electoral Votes, 219 

James G. Blaine, 4,848,334 '' " " 182 

John P. St. John, 151,809 " '' " 

Benj. F. Butler, 133,825 " " '^ 
Scattering, 11,3G2 

For Vice-President. 

T. A. Hendricks, Electoral Votes, 219 

John A. Logan, " " 182 

Important Events— ISth Administration, 

1 885, May 22. The Revised Old Testament published simul- 
taneously in London and New York. 

July 4. The Mormons in Salt Lake City place the U. S. 

flag at half-mast. 

July 23. Gen. Grant died at Mt. McGregor, N.Y. Aged 63. 

Aug. 8. Gen. Grant interred at Riverside Park, N. Y. 

Aug. 14. The first of the International Yacht races won 

by the Puritan (American) over the Genesta (English). 

Aug. 29. First cable road opened in New York city. 

Oct. 13. Flood Rock, at Hell Gate, N. Y., blown up. 

Nov. 25. Thomas A. Hendricks, Vice-President of the 

United States, dies. Aged 66. 



244 NATIONAL HAKD-BOOK 

1886, Feb. 9. Gen. W. S. Hancock, U. S. A., dies. Aged 62. 

Feb. 13. Horatio Seymour dies. Aged 76. 

Feb. 18. John B. Gougb dies. Aged 69. 

March 8-31. Labor troubles throughout the U. S. 

May 4. Fighting between Anarchists and the police 

of Chicago ; 5 policemen killed by dynamite bombs 
and 20 of the mob shot by the police. 

May 8-17. The Canadian Government seizes American 

fishing vessels. [Folsom, 

June 2. President Cleveland married to Miss Frances 

' Aug. 4. Samuel J. Tilden dies. Aged 72. 

' Aug. 31. Earthquake shocks felt throughout North 

America, the city of Charleston partially destroyed. 

Oct. 28. The Colossal Statue "Liberty Lighting the 

World," on Bedloe's Island, N. Y. harbor, unveiled. 

' Nov. 18. Chester A. Arthur, ex-Pres.of the U. S., dies. 

1887, Feb. 4. Interstate Commerce Bill becomes a law. 

Feb. 5. R. R. disaster at White River, Vt. ; 60 lives lost. 

Feb. 11. President vetoed the Dependent Pension Bill. 

Feb. 16. Woman Suffrage went into effect in Kansas. 

March 9. Henry Ward Beecher dies. Aged 74. 

March 14. Falling bridge on Boston and Providence R. 

R. causes the loss of 30 lives. 

April 12. St. Augustine, Florida, devastated by fire. 

June 16. President Cleveland rescinds the order to re- 

store the captured Confederate flag?. 

June 20. Fidelity National Bank, Cincinnati, failed 

with $6,000,000 liabilities. 
Aug. 16. Railroad accident at Chats worth, III. ; 180 

persons killed, 200 injured, 
Sept. 15-17. The Centennial of adoption of the U. S. 

Constitution, celebrated in Philadelphia. 

Oct. 4-17. The A. B. C. F. M. at Springfield, Mass., 

affirmed the doctrine of non-probation after death. 
Nov. 10. Lingg, the Chicago Anarchist, committed 

suicide by exploding dynamite in his mouth. 
Nov. 11. Anarchists (4) executed at Chicago. 



OF AMERICAI^ PROGRESS. 245 

U. S. Government work begins on the ship 
canal connecting the Harlem and Hudson Rivers. 

Jan. 19. Woman Suffrage becomes a law in Wyoming. 

March 12. A great blizzard of wind and snow and con- 

sequent suffering in New England and Middle States. 

March 23. Death of Chief Justice Waite. [versary. 

April 25. New Haven, Conn., celebrates its 250th anni- 

June 7. President Cleveland receives the unanimous 

vote of the St. Louis Convention for re-election. 

June 25. Harrison and Morton nominated for President 

and Vice-President by the Republicans at Chicago. 

July 1. U. S. Treasury estimate of Fractional Currency 

lost or destroyed, $8,375,934. 

July 2-4. Reunion of Federal and Confederate veterans 

and unveiling of monuments on Gettysburg battlefield. 

Cabinet Officers, 18th Admin-istratioj^- — 1885-9. 

Secretary of State — Thomas Francis Bayard, Del. 

Secretaries of the Treasury — Daniel S. Manning, New 
York ; Charles S. Fairchild, New York. 

Secretary of ^r^r— William C. Endicott, Massachusetts. 

Secretary of the Ravy — Wm. C. Whitney, New York. 

Secretaries of the Interior — Lucius Q. C. Lamar, 
Mississippi ; William F. Vilas, Wisconsin. 

Postmaster General — William F. Vilas, Wisconsin ; 
Don M. Dickinson, Michigan. 



National Expenses and Debt, 18th Administration. 

Tear. Expenses. Debt. 

1885. . . $260,226,935.11 1,375,352,443.91 

1886. . . 242,483,138.50 1,282,165,840.44 

1887. . . 267,932,179.67 1,175,168,675.42 
1888. 


Imports and Exports, 18th 

Year. Imports. 

1885. . . $620,769,652 

1886. . . 674,029,792 

1887. . . 752,490,560 
1888. 


Administration. 

Exports. 
784,421,280 
751,988,240 
752,180,902 




THE STATUE OF LIBERTY, NEW YORK HARBOR. 



PBESIDENT JACKSON'S PBOCLAMATION. 24*? 



PEESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION, 

ISSUED m 1832, when eouTH oaeolina ijndeetook to anitui 

THE FEDKfiAL EEVENUS LAW. 

Whereas a convention, assembled in the State of 
South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which 
they declare " that the several acts and parts of acts 
of the Congress of the United States, purporting to 
be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the 
importation of foreign commodities, and now having 
actual operation and eflect within the United States, 
and more especially ' two acts for the same purposes, 
passed on tlie 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of 
July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of 
the United States, and violate the true meaning and 
intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law," 
nor binding or. the citizens of that State or its offi- 
cers; and by the said ordinance it is further declared 
to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori 
ties of the State, or of the United States, to enforce 



248 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

the payment of the duties imposed by the said acta 
within the same State, and that it is the duty of the 
legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary to 
give full effect to the said ordinances : 

And whereas, by the said ordinance it is furthei 
ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided m 
the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in 
question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the 
acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it 
effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no 
appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the 
United States, nor shall any copy of the record be 
permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any 
person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun- 
ished as for a contempt of court: 

And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the 
people of South Carolina will maintain the said ordi- 
nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider 
the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or 
closing tlie ports of the said State, or otherwise ob- 
structing the free ingress or egress of vessels to and 
from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal 
Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports, 
destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the 
said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals 
of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con- 
tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that 



PBESroENT JACKSON 8 PROCLAMATION. 249 

the people of the said State will thenceforth hold 
themselves absolved from all further obligation to 
maintain or preserve their political connection with 
the people of the other States, and will forthwith 
proceed to organize a separate government, and do 
al] other acts and things which sovereign and inde- 
pendent States may of right do: 

And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the 
people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct 
violation of their duty as citizens of the United 
States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver- 
sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the 
destruction of the Union — that Union, which, coeval 
with our political existence, led our fathers, without 
any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism 
and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to 
a glorious independence — that sacred Union, hitherto, 
invi^^late, which, perfected by our happy Constitu- 
tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a 
state of prosperity at home, and high consideration 
abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na- 
tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence 
from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of 
national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con- 
fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I, 
At- drew Jackson, President of the United States, 
hi e thought proj^er to issue this, my Pkoclamation, 



250 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

stating mj views of the Constitution and laws 
applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven- 
tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have 
put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which 
duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the 
understanding and patriotism of the people, warn 
them of the consequences that must inevitably result 
from an observance of the dictates of the Convention. 

Strict duty would require of me nothing more 
than the exercise of those powers with which I am 
now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving 
the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But 
the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in 
this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and 
the deep interest which the people of the United 
States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger 
measures, while there is a hope that anything will be 
yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps 
demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition 
to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en- 
tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct 
enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will 
require me to pursue. 

The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible 
right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu- 
tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the 
strange position that any one State may not only 



251 



declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its exe- 
cution — that they may do this consistently with the 
Constitution — that the true construction of that 
instrument permits a State to retain its place in the 
Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than 
those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It 
is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a 
law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ; 
but it is evident, that to give the right of resisting 
laws of that description, coupled with the uncon- 
trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char- 
acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. For, 
as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasoua 
alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail If 
it should be said that public opinion is a sufL'^icnt 
check against the abuse of this power, it luay be 
asked why is it not deemed a sufficient gu'ard against 
the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress. 
There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which 
makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi- 
ble, and wliich does not exist in the other. There 
are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed 
by Congress — one to the judiciary, the other to the 
people and the States. There is no appeal from the 
State decision in theory ; and the practical illustra- 
tration shows that the courts are closed against an 
application to review it, both judges and jurors being 



252 NATIONAL ELANB-BOOK. 

Bworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on thifl 
subject is superfluous, when our social compact in 
express terms declares, that the laws of the United 
States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, 
are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater 
caution adds, " that the judges in every State shall 
be bound iliereby, anything in the constitution or 
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." 
And it may be asserted, without fear of refutation, 

that no federative government could exist without a 
similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse- 
quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue 
laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent 
their execution in the port of Charleston, there would 
be a clear constitutional objection to their collection 
in every other port, and no revenue could be collected 
anywhere; for all imposts must be equal. It is no 
answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no 
law, so long as the question of its legality is to be 
decided by the State itself; for every law operating 
hijuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps 
thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu- 
tional, «nd, as has been shown, there is no appeal. 

If this doctrine had been established at an earlier 
day, the Union would have been dissolved in its 
infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em- 
bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States 



PKE8IDENT JAOKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 253 

the carriage tax in Virginia, were all deemed uncon- 
stitutional, and were more unequal in their operation 
than any of the laws now complained of; but, fortu 
Qately, none of those States discovered that they had 
the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war 
hi to which we were forced, to support the dignity oi 
the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have 
ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and 
honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and 
unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed 
the right of nullifying the act by which it was de- 
el ared, and denying supplies for its prosecution, 
ffardly and unequally as those measures bore upon 
several members of the Union, to the legislatures of 
non.e did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is 
called, suggest itself The discovery of this impor- 
tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the 
present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina 
belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that 
State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it 
to practice. ^ 

If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of 
the Union carries with it interna] evidence of its im- 
p^'acticable absurdity, our constitutional history will 
also afford abundant proof that it would have been 
repudiated with iudienation had it been propoeed to 
form a feature in our icoveramtiiita 



254 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

In our colonial state, although dependent on an- 
other power, we very early considered ourselves an 
connected by common interest with each other. 
Leagues were formed for common defense, and before 
the Declaration of Independence, we were known in 
our aggregate character as the United Colonies of 
America. That decisive and important step was 
taken jointly. We declared ourselves a nation by a 
joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of 
our confederation were reduced to form, it was in 
that of a solemn league of several States, by which 
they agreed that they would, collectively, form one 
nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain 
domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the 
instrument forming that Union, is found an article 
which declares that " every State shall abide by the 
determinations of Congress on all questions which 
by that Confederation should be submitted to them." 

Under the Confederation, then, no State could 
legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to 
submit to its execution ; but no provision was made 
to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi- 
tions, but they were not complied with. The gov- 
ernment could not operate on individuals. They had 
no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue. 

But the defects of the Confederation need not be 
detailed. Under its oueration wo could scarcely be 



PRE8IDEMT JA-CKSON's PROCLAMATION. 255 

called a nation. We had neither prosperity at home 
nor consideration abroad. This state of things could 
not be endured, and our present happy Constitution 
was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine 
prevails. It was formed for important objects that 
are announced in the preamble made in the name 
and by the authority of the people of the United 
States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven- 
tions approved, it. 

The most important among these objects, that 
which is placed first in rank, vn which all the others 
rest, is " to form a mare perfect Union.'''' Now, it is 
possible that, even if there were no express provision 
(living supremacy to the Constitution and laws of 
the United States over those of the States, it can be 
conceived that an instrument made for the purpose 
o^^f' forming a more perfect Union'''' than that of the 
Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem- 
bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that 
confederation a form of government, dependent for 
its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of 
a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every 
man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who 
hears the question, will give such an answer as will 
preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur- 
suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have 
devised one that is calculated to destroy it. 



256 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the 
United States, aaeumed by one State, incompatible 
with tlie existence of the JJnion^ contradicted expressly 
by the letter of the Constitution^ unauthorized hy its 
fpirit^ inconsistent with every principle on which it 
was founded, and destructive of the great object for 
which it was formed. 

After this general view of the leading principle, 
we must examine the particular application of it 
which is made in the ordinance. 

The preamble rests its justification on these 
grounds : It assumes as a fact, tha.t the obnoxious 
laws, although they purport to be laws for raising 
revenue, were in reality intended for the protection 
of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un- 
constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is 
unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater 
than is required by the wants of the government ; 
and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to 
objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are 
the only causes alleged to justify an open opposition 
to the laws of the countr}^, and a threat of seceding 
from the Union, if any attempt should be made to 
enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that 
the law in question was passed under power ex- 
pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect 
imposts • but ^'ts constitutionality is drawn in ques- 



257 



tion from the motives of those who passed it. How- 
ever apparent this purpose may be in the present 
case, nothing can be more dangerous than to admit 
tiie position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter- 
tained by tlie members who assent to a law enacted 
under a constitutional power, shall make that law 
void ; for how is that purpose to be ascertained ? 
Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad 
purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases 
are they concealed by false professions? In how 
many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this 
doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled 
right to deeide, and every law may be annulled 
under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and 
dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State 
may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it 
deems such, it will not apply to the present case. 

The next objection is, that the laws in question 
operate unequally. This objection may be made 
with truth to every law that has been or can be 
passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a 
system of taxation that would operate with perfect 
equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes 
it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description 
may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then, 
indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the 
slightest efforts for its preservation. We have hitb 



258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union. 
We liave received it as the work of the assembled 
wisdom of the nation. We have trusted to it as to 
the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of 
conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have 
looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our 
liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have 
pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here, 
and our hopes of happiness liereafter, in its defense 
and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen, 
in attaching this importance to the Constitution of 
our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched, 
inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new doc- 
trine would make it ? Did we pledge ourselves to the 
support of an airy nothing — a bubble that must be 
blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was 
this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the 
profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the 
task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did 
tlie name of Washington sanction, did the States do 
liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of 
fundamental legislation? I^o. We were not mis- 
taken. The letter of this great instrument is tree 
from this radical fault ; its language directly contra- 
dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent, 
oontradicts it. No, we did not err. Our Constitu- 
tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power 



pBE8n)ENT Jackson's proclamation. 259 

to make laws, and another power to resist them. 
The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced, 
have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per* 
manent constitutional compact. The Father of his 
Country did not affix his revered name to so palpabi*^ 
an absurdity. Nor did the States, when they sever- 
ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto 
on the laws of the United States was reserved to 
them, or that they could exercise it by application 
Search the debates in all their conventions — examine 
the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal 
authority — look at the amendments that were pro- 
posed. They are all silent — not a syllable uttered, 
not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the 
explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union 
over those of the States, or to show that implication, 
as is now contended, could defeat it. No, we have 
not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our 
reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in 
danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It 
shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted 
by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the 
sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per- 
sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into 
existence, will again be patriotically offered for its 
support. 

The two remaining objections made by the ordi- 



260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to be 
raised by them are greater than are required, and 
that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed. 
The Constitution has given expressly to CoDgress the 
right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum 
the public exigencies will require. The States have 
no control over the exercise of this right other tlian 
that which results from the power of changing the 
representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re- 
dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre- 
tionary power, but tlie same may be said of others 
with which thoy are vested. Yet the discretion must 
exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to 
the representatives of all the people, checked by the 
representatives of the States, and by the executive 
power. The South Carolina construction gives it to 
the legislature, or the convention of a single State, 
where neither the people of the different States, nor 
the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief 
magistrate elected by the people, have any represen- 
tation. Whicli is the most discreet disposition of tlie 
power ? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which is 
the constitutional disposition — that instrument speaks 
a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were 
assembled in general convention, which would you 
think the safest depository of this discretionary power 
in the last resort? Would you add a clause giving 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 261 

it to each of the States, or would you sanction the 
wise provisions already made -by your CoTistitution '^ 
If this should be the result of your deliberations when 
providing for tlie future, are you — can you — be ready 
to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem- 
porary and a local purpose, that which you must 
aclinowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a 
general provision ? Carry out the consequences of 
this right vested in the different States, and you 
must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents 
at this day would recur whenever any law of the 
United States displeased any of the States, and that 
we should soon cease to be a nation. 

The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the 
future that characterizes a former objection, tells you 
that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally 
applied. Tf this could be ascertained with certainty, 
the objection would, with more propriety, be 
reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but 
surely can not be urged against the laws levying the 
duty. 

These are the allegations contained in the ordi- 
nance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizena 
—judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter- 
mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to 
leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you 
should come to this conclusion, how far they justiiy 



262 NATTONAf. HA.ND-BOOK. 

tlie reckless, destructive course which you are directed 
to pursue. Review these objections, and the conclu- 
sions drawn from them once more. What are they? 
Ever)' law, then, for raising revenue, according to 
the Soath Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an- 
nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or 
can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws 
for raising revenue, and each State has a right to 
oppose th(\ir execution — two rights directly opposed 
to each other; and yet is this absurdity supposed to 
be contained in an instrument drawn for the express 
purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and 
the general government, by an assembly of the most 
enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em- 
bodied for a similiar purpose. 

In vain have these sages declared that Congress 
shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- 
posts, and excises — in vain have they provided that 
they shall have power to pass laws which shall be 
necessary and proper to carry those powers into 
execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall 
be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the 
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any- 
thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the 
contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people 
of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro- 
visions, made them their paramount law, and indi* 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation. 263 



vidually sworn to support them whenever they were 
called on to execute any office. 

Yain provisions ! Ineffectual restrictions ! Vile 
profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla- 
tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one 
State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the 
intent with which a law has been passed, declare 
themselves free from its operation — say here it gives 
too little^ there too mucli, and operates unequally — 
here it suffers articles to be free that ought to be 
taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free — in 
this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to 
purposes which we do not approve, in that the 
amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it 
is true, are invested by the Constitution with the 
right of deciding these questions according to their 
sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre- 
feentatives of all the States, and of all the people of 
all the States ; but ave, part of the people of one 
State, to whom the Constitution has given no power 
on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it 
away — we^ who have solemnly agreed that this Con- 
stitution shall be our law — we^ most of whom have 
Bworn to support it — we now abrogate this law, and 
Bwear, and force others to swear, that it shall not be 
obeyed — and we do this, not because Congress have 
ao right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege j 



264 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

but because they have passed them with improper 
views. They are unconstitutional from the motives 
of those who pass them, which we can never with 
certainty know, from their unequal operation ; 
although it is impossible from the nature of thiugg 
that they should be equal — and from the disposition 
which we presume may be made of their })roceeds, 
although that disposition has not been declared. 
This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela- 
tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti- 
tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals, 
in express terms, an important part of the Constitu- 
tion itself, and of laws passed to give it eifcct, which 
have never been alleged to be unconstitutional. 
The Constitution declares that the judicial powers of 
the United States extend to cases arising under the 
laws of the United States, and that such laws the 
Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the 
State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre- 
scribes the mode by which the case may be brought 
before a court of the United States, by appeal, when 
a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of 
the Constitution. The ordinance declares there 
shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount 
to the Constitution and laws of the United States : 
forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis- 
regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in 



PBE8IDENT JACKSON 's PKOCL A.M ATION. 265 

a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further 
declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities 
of the United States, or of that State, to enforce the 
payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws 
withiii its limits. 

Here is a law of the United States, not ever 
pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the 
authority of a small majority of the voters of a single 
State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which 
is solemnly abrogated by the same authority. 

On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi- 
nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to 
annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce 
it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any 
attempt is made to execute them. 

This right to secede is deduced from the nature 
of the Constitution, which they say is a compact 
between sovereign States, who have preserved their 
whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no 
superior ; that because they made the compact, they 
can break it when in their opinion it has been 
departed from by the other States. Fallacious as 
this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and 
finds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who 
have not studied the nature of our government suffi- 
ciently to see the radical error on which it rests. 

The peoplr) T^f the Unite*^ States formed the Con- 



266 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. 

etitution, acting through the State legislatures, iu 
making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis 
ions, and acting in separate conventions wh( n they 
ratiiied thos.e provisions ; but the term used in its 
construction show it to be a government hi v^hich 
the people of all the States collectively are repre- 
sented. We are one people in the choice of the, 
President and Yice-President. Here the States havo 
no other agency than to direct the mode in which 
the votes shall be given. The candidates having the 
majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors 
of a majority of States may have given their votes 
for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen. 
The people then, and not the States, are represented 
in the executive branch. 

In the House of Representatives there is this 
difference, that the people of one State do not, as io 
the case of President and Yice-President, all vote 
for all the members, each State electing only its own 
representatives. But this creates no material distinc- 
tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of 
the United States, not representatives of the particu 
lar State from which they come. They are paid hy 
the United States, not by the State ; nor are thej 
accountable to it for any act done in performance of 
their legislative functions ; and however they maj 
in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre 



PBEsroENT Jackson's proclamation. 2G7 

for the interests of their particular constituents when 
they come in conflict with any other partial or local 
interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as 
representatives of the United States, to promote the 
general good. 

Tlie Constitution of the United States, then, 
forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be 
formed by compact between the States, or in any 
other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov- 
ernment in which all the people are represented, 
which operates directly on the people individually, 
not upon the States ; they retained all the power 
they did not grant. But each State having expressly 
parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly 
with the other States a single nation, can not from 
that period possess any right to secede, because such 
secession does not break a league, but destroys the 
unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not 
only a breach which would result from the contra- 
vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the 
wrliole Union. To say that any State may at pleas- 
are secede from the Union, is to say that the United 
States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole- 
cism to contend that anj^ part of a nation might 
dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their 
injury or ruin^, without committing any offense. 
Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be 



268 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

morallj justified by the extremity of oppression ; but 
to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the 
meaning of terms, and can only be done through 
gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to 
assert a right, but w^ould pause before they made a 
revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a 
failure. 

Because the Union was formed by compact, it is 
gaid the parties to that compact may, when they feel 
aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because 
it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an 
agreement or binding obligation. It may by its 
terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it 
may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be 
broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ; 
If it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the 
designated or implied penalty. A league between 
independent nations, generally, has no sanction other 
than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty, 
as there is no common superior, it cannot be 
enforced. A government, on the contrary, always 
has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case, 
it is both necessarily implied and expressly given. 
An attempt by force of arms to destroy a govern 
ment is an ofiense, by whatever means the constitu- 
tional compact may have been formed ; and such 
government has the right, by the law of self-defense, 



PRESroENT JACKSON'S PEOCLAMATION. 269 

Co pass acts for punishing the oliender, unless that 
right is moditied, restrained, or resumed by the con- 
stitutional act. In our system, although it is ujodi- 
fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly 
^ivea to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers 
into effect, and under this grant provision has been 
made for punishing acts which obstruct the due 
administration of the laws. 

It would seem superfluous to add anything to 
show the nature of that union which connects us ; 
but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the 
foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our 
peace, I must give some further development to my 
views on this subject. Ko one, fellow-citizens, has a 
higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States 
than the magistrate who now addresses you. No 
one would make greater personal sacrifices, or offi 
cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but 
equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part, 
an itnproper interference with, or resumption of, the 
lights they have vested in the nation. The line has 
not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in 
some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the 
best intentions and soundest views may differ in 
their construction of some parts of the Constitution ; 
but there are others on which dispassionate reflection 
can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be 



270 NATIONAI. HAND-BOOK. 

the assamed right of secession. It rests, as we have 
Been, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of tlie 
States, and of their having formed in this sovereign 
capacity a compact which is called the Constitution, 
from which, because they made it, they have the 
right to secede. Both of these positions are errone- 
ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so 
have been anticipated. 

The States severally have not retained their 
entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in 
becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league, 
they surrendered many of their essential parts of 
sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare 
war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative 
powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The 
States, then, for all these important purposes, were 
no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens 
was transferred in the first instance to the govern- 
ment of the United States ; they became American 
citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of 
the United States, and to laws made in conformity 
with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi- 
tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How, 
then, can that State be said to be sovereign and 
independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws 
not made by it, and whose magistrates are Bworn to 
disregard those laws^ when the}- come in conflict 



PRESIDENT Jackson's proclamation 271 

with those passed by another? What shows conchi 
sivelj that the States can not be said to havo 
reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they 
expressly ceded the right to pnnish treason — not 
treason against a separate power, but treason against 
the United States. Treason is an offense against sov- 
ereignty, and sovereignty mnst reside with the power 
to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States 
are not less sacred because they have for their com- 
mon interest made the general government the 
depository of these powers. The unity of our politi- 
cal character (as has been shown for another pur- 
pose) commenced with its very existence. Under 
the royal government we had no separate character ; 
our opposition to its oppression began as united 
COLONIES. We were the United States under the 
Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and 
the Union rendered more perfect by tlie federal Con- 
stitution. In none of these stages did we consider 
i urselves in any other light than as forming one 
nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the 
name of all. Troops were raised for the joint 
defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that 
under all changes of our position we had, for desig- 
nated purposes and with defined powers, created 
national governments — how is it that the most per- 
fect of these several modes of union should now bo 



272 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at 
pleasure? It is from an abuse of terms. Compact 
is used as synonymous with league, although the 
true term is not employed, because it would at once 
show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do U 
say that our Constitution was only a league, but it it\ 
labored to prove it a compact (which, in one sense, it 
is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact, 
every compact between nations must, of course, be a 
league, and that from such an engagement every 
sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has 
been shown that in this sense the States are not 
sovereign, and that even if they were, and the 
national Constitution had been formed by compact, 
there would be no right in any one State to exone- 
rate itself from the obligation. 

So obvious are the reasons which forbid this 
secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them. 
The Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was 
produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinicDs. 
Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States, 
who magnanimously surrendered their title to the 
territories of the West, recall the grant ? WiU the 
inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the 
duties that may be imposed without their assent by 
those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own 
benefit ? Shall there be a free port in one State, 



PEESTDENT JACKSON's PEOCLAMATION. 273 

and enormous duties in another ? No one believes 
that any right exists in a single State to involve all 
the others in these and countless other evils, contrary 
to engagements solemnly made. Every one nmst 
Bee that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose 
it at all hazards. 

These are the alternatives that are presented by 
the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising 
revenue, leaving the government without the means 
of support ; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our 
Union by the secession of one of its members. 
When the first was proposed, it was known that it 
could not be listened to for a moment. It was 
known if force was applied to oppose the execution 
of the laws, that it must be repelled by force — that 
Congress could not, without involving itself in dis- 
grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi- 
tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or 
if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State 
is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union. 
The majority of a convention assembled for the pur- 
pose have dictated these terms, or rather this 
rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of 
South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the 
State speaks of the submission of their grievances to a 
convention of all the States ; which, he says, they 
"sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet thij 



274 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the 
sense of tbe other States on the construction of the 
federal compact, and amending it, if necessary, has 
never been attempted by those who have urged the 
State on to this destructive measure. The State 
might have proposed a call for a general convention 
to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num- 
ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the 
first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed 
a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func- 
tionaries of the general government of the merits of 
the controversy," such a convention will be accorded 
to them, must have known that neither Congress, 
nor any functionary in the general government, has 
authority to call such a convention^ unless it be 
demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug- 
gestion, then, is another instance yji the reckless 
inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with 
which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of 
the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu- 
tional remedy has been sought and refused. If tho 
legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a 
general convention to consider their complaints, why 
have they not made application for it in the way the 
Constitution points out? The assertion that they 
" earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the 
omission. 



275 



This, then is the position in which we stand. A 
small majority of the citizens of one State in the 
Union have elected delegates to a State conventioD ; 
that convention has ordained that all the revenue 
laws of the United States must be repealed, or that 
thej are no longer a member of the Union. The 
governor of that State has recommended to the legis- 
lature the raising of an army to carry the secession 
into effect, and that he may be empowered to give 
clearances to vessels in the name of the State. No 
act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been 
committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre- 
hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to 
PEOCLAiM, not only that the duty imposed on me by 
the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be 
faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent 
of the powers already vested in me bylaw, or of such 
others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and 
intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi- 
zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into 
an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will 
incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing 
ordinance of the convention — to exhort those who 
have refused to support it to persevere in their deter- 
mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their 
country, and to point out to all the perilous situa- 
tion into which the good people of that State have 



276 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

been led, and that the course they are urged to pnr- 
Bue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State 
whose rights they efiect to support. 

Fellow-citizens of my native State 1 let me not 
on.y admonish you, as the lirst magistrate of our 
common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws, 
but use the influence that a father would over his 
children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In 
that paternal language, with that paternal feeling, 
let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded 
by men who are either deceived themselves or wish 
to deceive you. Mark under what pretenses yon 
have been led on to the brink of insurrection and 
treason on which you stand I First a diminution of 
the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over- 
production in other quarters and the consequent 
diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole 
effect of the tariff laws. The effect of those laws 
was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly 
t)xaggerated by the unfounded theory you were 
taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor- 
tion to your exports, not to your consumption of 
imported articles. Your pride was roused by the 
assertions that a submission to these laws was a state 
of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal, 
in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers 
offered to the opy)ressivQ laws of Great Britain. Yon 



277 



were told that this opposition might be peaceably— 
miglit be constitutionally made — that you might 
enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none 
of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions, 
to your State pride, to your native courage, to your 
sense of real injury, were used to prepare you for the 
period when the mask wliich concealed the hideous 
features of disunion should be taken off. It fell, and 
you were made to look with complacency on objects 
which not long since you would have regarded with 
horror. Look back to the arts which have brought 
you to this state — look forward to the consequences 
to which it must inevitably lead ! Look l)ack to 
what was first told you as an inducement to enter 
into this dangerous course. Tlie great political 
truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu- 
tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably 
unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive — it was 
added that the right to nullify a law rested on the 
game principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy 1 
This character which was given to it, made you 
receive with too much confidence the assertions that 
were made of the unconstitutionality of the law and 
its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that 
by the admission of your leaders the unconstitution 
ality must \yQ palpable, or it will justify either resisrt- 
ance or nullification ! What is the mesining of the 



278 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

word palpable in the sense in which it is here used I 
— that which is apparent to every one, that which no 
raan of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is 
the unconstitutionality of these laws of that descrip- 
tion ? Let those anriong your leaders who once 
approved and advocated the principles of protectivf 
duties, answer th ) question ; and let them choose 
whether they will be considered as incapable, then, 
of perceiving that which must have been apparent to 
every man of common understanding, or as imposing 
upon our confide^ce and endeavoring to mislead you 
now. In eithei- case, they are unsafe guides in the 
perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well 
on this circ^imstance, and you will know how to 
appreciate the exaggerated language they address 
to J9U. T^hey are not champions of liberty emulat- 
ing the fame of our Kevolutionary fathers, nor are 
you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat 
to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You 
are fref^ members of a flourishing and happy Union. 
There is no settled design to oppress you. You 
have, mdeed, felt the unequal operation of laws 
which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution- 
ally prisFod ; but that inequality must necessarily be 
removed. At the very moment when you were 
madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have 
begun, a change in public opinion has commenced. 



279 



The nearly approaching payment of the public debt, 
and the consequent necessity of a diminution of 
duties, had ah-eady caused a considerable reduction, 
and that, too, on some articles of general consump- 
tion in your State. The importance of this change 
was underrated, and you were authoritatively told 
that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be 
expected, at the very time when the condition of the 
country imperiously demanded such a modification 
of the duties as sliould reduce them to a just and 
equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect 
of this change in allaying your discontents, you were 
precipitated into a fearful state in which you now 
find yourselves. 

I have urged you to look back to the means that 
were used to hurry you on to the position you have 
now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will 
produce. Something more is necessary. Contem- 
plate the condition of that country of which you stiU 
form an important part ; consider its government 
uniting in one bond of common interest and general 
protection so many different States — giving to all 
their inhabitants the proud title of American citi- 
zens — protecting their commerce — securing their 
literature and arts — facilitating their intercommuni- 
cation — defending their frontiers — and making their 
name respected in the remotest parts of the earth 1 



280 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and 
happy population, its advance in arts, which render 
life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the 
mind I See education spreading the lights of 
religion, morality, and general information into every 
cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and 
States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched 
and the oppressed find a refuge and support I Look 
on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, we, 
"joo, ABE CITIZENS OF Amekica — Carolina is one of 
these proud States her arms have defended — her best 
blood has cemented this happy Union I And then 
add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this 
happy Union we will dissolve — this picture of peace 
and prosperity we will deface — this free intercourse 
we will interrupt — these fertile fields we will deluge 
with blood — the protection of that glorious flag we 
renounce — the very name of Americans we discard. 
And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw 
away these inestimable blessings — for what would you 
exchange your share in the advantages and honor 
of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde- 
pendence — a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts 
with your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for- 
eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab- 
lifihing a separation, what would be your situation ? 
Are you united at home — are yon free from the 



281 



apprehension of civil discord, with all its fearful con- 
sequences? Do our neighboring republics, every 
day suffering some new revolution or contending 
with some new insurrection — do they excite your 
envy ? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me 
solemnly to announce that you can not succeed. 
The laws of the United States must be executed. I 
have no discretionary power on the subject — my 
duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. 
Those who told you that you might peaceably 
prevent their execution, deceived you — they could 
not have been deceived themselves. They know 
that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the 
execution of the laws, and they know that such 
opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis- 
union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by 
armed force, is treason. Are you really ready to 
incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the 
instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences — 
on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall 
tht punishment — on your unhappy State will inev- 
itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon 
the government of your country. It cannot accede 
to the mad project of disunion of which you would 
be the first victims — its first magistrate can not, if he 
would, avoid the performance of his duty — the con- 
sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your 



282 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

fellow-citizens here, and to tlie friends of good gov* 
ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have 
beheld our prosperity with a vexation they could not 
conceal — it was a standing refutation of their slavish 
doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the 
triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your powei 
to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that 
the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the 
Eutledges, and of the thousand other names which 
adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will 
not abandon that- Union to support which so many 
of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as 
you honor their memory — as you love the cause of 
freedom, to which they dedicated their lives — as you 
prize the peace of your country, the lives of its best 
citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your 
steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the 
disorganizing edict of its convention — bid its mem- 
bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided 
expressions of your will to remain in the patt which 
alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and 
honor^ — tell them that compared to disunion, all 
other evils are light, because that brings with it an 
accumulation of all — declare that you will never take 
the field unless the star-spangled banner of your 
country shall float over vou — that yon will not be 
Btigraatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned 



283 



while you live, as the authors of the first attack on 
the Constitution of your country ! — its destroyers you 
can not be. You may disturb its peace — you may 
interrupt the course of its prosperity — you may 
cloud its reputation for stability — but its tranquillity 
will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the 
stain upon its national character will be transferred 
and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those 
who caused the disorder. 

Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of 
unhallowed disunion — the names of those, once re- 
spected, by whom it is uttered — the array of military 
force to support it — denote the approach of a crisis in 
our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam- 
pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps 
that of all free governments, may depend. The con- 
jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia- 
tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles 
of action ; and as the claim w^as asserted of a right by 
a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to 
secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my 
opinions in relation to the origin and form of our 
government, and the construction I give to the 
instrument by which it Was created, seemed to be 
proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just- 
ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my 
duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal 



^84 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

conlidence on jour undivided support in my deter- 
mination to execute the laws — to preserve the Union 
by all constitutional means — to arrest, if possible, bj 
moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a 
recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heayen 
that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for 
the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon 
our land, that it be not called down by any offensive 
act on the part of the United States. 

Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before 
you. On your undivided support of your govern- 
ment depends the decision of the great question it 
involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre- 
served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people 
shall be perpetuated. 'No one can doubt that the 
unanimity with which that decision will be expressed, 
will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi- 
can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom, 
and the courage which it will bring to their defense, 
will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to 
our children. 

May the Great Ruler of nations grant that the 
signal blessings with which He has favored ours may 
not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition, 
be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi- 
dence bring those who have produced this crisis to 
Bee the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil 



285 



strife, and inspire a returning veneration for that 
Union which, if we may dare to penetrate His 
designs. He has chosen, as the only means of attain- 
ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably 
aspire. 

In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of 

the Qnited States to be hereunto affixed, having 

signed the same with my hand. 

Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of 

December, in the year of our Lord one thousand 

eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde 

pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh. 

Andkew Jackso? 
Wf the President. 

Edw. LrviNGSOE, Secretary of /State, 



286 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



MONEOE DOCTRINE. 



INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823. 



The citizens of the United States cherish senti- 
ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and 
happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the 
Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in 
matters relating to themselves, we have never taken 
any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to 
do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri- 
ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep 
arations for our defence. With the movements in 
this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi- 
ately connected, and by causes which must be 
obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. 
The political system of the allied powers is essen- 
tially different, in this respect, from that of America. 
This difference proceeds from that which exists in 
their respective Governments. And to the defence 
of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of 
so much blood and treasure, and matured by the 
wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under 



MONBOE DOCTEINE. 287 

which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this 
whole nation is devoted. 

We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic- 
able relations existing between the United States and 
those powers, to declare, that we should consider 
any attempt on their part to extend their system to 
any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our 
peace and safety. 

With the existing colonies or deponc'^encies jf any 
European power, we have not interfered, and ahall 
not interfere. But, with the Governments who 
have declared their independence, and maintained 
it, and whose independence we have, on great con- 
sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we 
could not view any interposition for the purpose of 
oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man- 
ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any 
other light than as the manifestation of an un- 
friendly disposition towards the United States. 

In the war between those new Governments and 
Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of 
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and 
shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall 
occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au- 
thorities of this Government, shall make a corres- 
ponding change on the part of the United States, 
indispensable to their security. 



288 HATtONAI, HAND-BOOK. 



NEUTEALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, 

▲S AMENDED Am> APPBOVBD BY OONGBB68, JULY 26, 1866. 

A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela 
tions of the United States. 

JBe it enacted^ die, That if any citizen of the 
United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic- 
tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to 
serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo- 
ple in war by land or by sea against any prince, 
State, colony, district or people with whom the 
United States are at peace, the person so offending 
shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall 
on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not 
exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding 
two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in 
which such offender may be convicted. 

Seo 2. A?id he it further enactedy That if any 



NEUTBALITT LAW. 289 

person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of 
the United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or 
retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to 
go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United 
States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the 
service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district 
cr people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on 
board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva- 
teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty 
3f a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor 
be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im- 
prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of 
them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such 
offender shall be convicted; provided that this act 
shall not be construed to extend to any subject or 
citizen of any foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people, who shall transiently be within the United 
States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war, 
letter-of-m''.rque or privateer, which, at the time of 
its arrival within the United States, was fitted and 
equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire or 
retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign 
prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran- 
siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself 
to serve such foreign prince. State, colony, district or 
people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-maique 
or privateer, if the United States shall then be at 



290 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people. 

Sec. 3. And he it further enacted^ That if any 
person shall within the limits of the United States fit 
out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro- 
cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly 
be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm- 
ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship 
or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for- 
eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise 
or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or 
property of any foreign prince, State, or any colony, 
district or people with whom the United States are 
at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within 
the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for 
any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em- 
ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per- 
son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall 
have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing 
from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent 
to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions 
of this act, every person so ofi^ending shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction 
tfef^reof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, 
and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or 
either of them, at the discretion of the Court in 
vhich such ofiender sliall be convicted ; and every 



NEUTEALITY LAW. 291 

bucli ship and vessel, with her tackle, apparel and 
fdrniture, together with all materials, arms, amnm- 
nition and stores which may have been procured for 
the building and equipment thereof, shall be forfeited 
to the United States of America. 

Sec. 4. And he it further enacted^ That it shall 
be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by 
law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture 
incurred under an/ of the laws of Customs, to seize 
such ships and vessels in such places and in such 
manner in which the officers of the Customs are em- 
powered to make seizures under the law for the col- 
lection and protection of the revenue, and that every 
such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and 
furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu- 
nition and stores which may belong to or be on board 
such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned 
for the violation of the provisions of this act in like 
manner as ships or vessels may be prosecuted and 
condemned for any breach of the laws made for the 
collection and protection of the revenue. 

Sec. 5. And he it further enacted, That if any 
person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the 
United States, increase or augment, or procure to be 
increased or augmented, or shall knowingiy be con- 
cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any 
8hip of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which 



292 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. 

at the time of her arrival within the United Statea 
was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the 
service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district 
or people, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of 
any such prince, State, colony, district or people, the 
game being at war with any foreign prince, State^ 
colony, district or people with whom the United 
States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns 
of such vessel, or by clianging those on board of her 
for gnns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of 
any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall 
have on board any person or persons who shall have 
enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall 
be departing from the jurisdiction of the United 
States ivith intent to enlist or serve in contravention 
of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend- 
ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or 
mprisonment, or either of them, at the discretion of 
the court in which such offender shall be convicted. 

Sec. 6. And he it further enacted^ That the Dis- 
trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints, 
informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by 
whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made 
within the waters of the United States or within a 
marine league of the coasts or shores thereof. 

Sec. 7. And he it further enacted^ That in every 



ITEUTEAIilTT LAW. 293 

case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed, 
or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or 
other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented, 
in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within 
the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as 
before defined, and in every case in which any pro- 
cess issuing out of any court of the United States 
shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per- 
sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser 
or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of 
any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or 
citizens of any foreign prince. State, or of any colony, 
district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful 
for the President of the United States, or such other 
person as he shall have empowered for that purpose 
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of 
the United States or of the militia thereof, for the 
purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or 
vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to 
the execution of the prohibition or penalties of thia 
act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the 
cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged. 
Seo. 8. And he it futher enacted, That it shall 
be lawful for the President of the United States, or 
Buch person as he shall empower for that purpose, 
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of 
the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall 



294 NATIONAIi HAND-BOOK. 

be necessarj to compel any foreign ship or vessel to 
depart the United States in all cases in which, by 
the laws of nations or the treaties of the United 
States they ought not to remain within the United 
States. 

Seo. 9. And he it further enacted^ That offences 
made punishable by the provisions of this act, com- 
mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the 
jurisdiction of the United States, may be prosecuted 
and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the 
offences prohibited by this act. 

Sec. 10. And he it further enacted^ That noth- 
ing in this act shall be so construf^d as to prohibit 
citizens of the United States from selling vessels, 
ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or 
materials or munitions of war, the growth or product 
of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to 
Governments not at war with the United States : 
provided that the operation of this section of this act 
shall be suspended by the President of the United 
States with regard to any classes of purchases, when- 
ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or 
whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with 
any foreign nation may in his judgment require it. 

Sec. 11. And he it further enacted^ That noth- 
ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent 
the prosecution or punishment of treason, or any 



NBUTKALITT LAW. 



295 



firacy or other felony defined by the laws of the 
United States. 

Seo. 12. And he it further enacted, That all acts 
and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of 
this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or 
forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. The 
acts forbiiden herein are hereby repealed. 



296 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 




OUR NATIONAL DOMAIN. 

HOW ACQUIBED. 

The United States of America is a federal republic 
composed of a union of independent States, and at this 
writing (1888) consists of tliirty-eight States and eleven 
Organized Territories, under the control of the General 
Government, and covers an area of 3,678,392 square 
miles, and extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
Ocean, a distance of about 3,000 miles, and from the 
Gulf of Mexico to the great lakes, a distance of over 
1,000 miles, with an Atlantic and Pacific seaboard of 
over 5,000 miles. 

The Confederation. The original thirteen States, 
prior to 1783, claimed for their western boundary the 
Mississippi River, and some even as far west as the 
Pacific. These States, one after another, ceded to the 
United States all the territory west of their present 
limits. 

By treaty with Great Britain, September 3, 1783 
(at the close of the Revolutionary War), the territory 
of the United States was declared to extend from the 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 297 

Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west, 
and from the great lakes to the southern border of 
Georgia, and comprised 815,615 square miles. 

The Province of Louisiana, acquired by purchase 
from France, April 30, 1803, for $15,000,000, includes 
all the territory west of the Mississippi River, except 
the present States and Territories of Oregon, Texas, 
California, Arizona, and Alaska, comprising 930,928 
square miles. 

Florida, ceded by Spain, February 22, 1819, for 
the consideration of 15,000,000, included the State of 
Florida and southern portions of Alabama and Mis- 
sissippi, and comprised 59,2(58 square miles. 

Texas, an independent republic of Mexico, was 
admitted December 29, 1845, and gave rise to the 
Mexican AVar. Comprised 237,504 square miles. 

Oregon, acquired by treaty with Great Britain, in 
April, 1846, comprised 280,420 square miles. 

California and Nevada, ceded by Mexico at the 
close of the Mexican War, February 2, 1848, com- 
prised 649,762 square miles. 

Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico, acquired by 
treaty with Mexico, December 30, 1853, comprised 
127,500 square miles. 

Alaska, by purchase from Russia, May 28, 1867, 
for $7,200,000. Comprised 577,390 square miles. 

ThegroAvth of our Republic, its increase in wealth, 
commerce, manufactures, and arts, has no parallel 
among the nations of the world. What may be ac- 
complished in the 100 years to come we are unable to 
predicate. Patrick Henry said : " We are to judge 
of the future by the past." With the record of a cen- 
tury before us, and Mexico, the Canadas, Cuba, and 
the islands of the sea knocking for admission, who 
can estimate the prospective power, grandness, and 
extent of the United States of America at its second 
centennial anniversary ? 



UNITED BlATE.i CENSUS FOR 1870; 

"With tfh: PiJi-iLATroN of each Dixadk fou Half a Ceni 



STATES. 


1870. 


ISfiO. 


1800. 


1^4u. 


1S30. 


1820, 


New York. . 


4,870,846 


3,880,735 


3,097.394 


2.428,921 


1,918,608 


1,372,111 


Peunsylva.. 


3,511,543 


2,906,215 


2,311 T8(i 


1,724,03.1 


1 348,233 


1,047,507 


Ohio 


2,652.302 


2,339,511 


1,980 3 9 


1,519,407 


937,903 


581295 


Illinois .... 


2,529 4 


1,711 951 


851 47,) 


476,183 


157,445 


55,161 


Missouri. .. 


1,691,693 


1,182 012 


68-:,044 


383,702 


140,455 


66 557 


Indiana 


1,655 675 


1,350,428 


988,416 


685 866 


343,031 


147.178 


M:is?achn8 . 


1,457,351 


1,231,(66 


994,514 


737,699 


610,408 


523 159 


Koutiicky . . 


1,320,407 


1,155,684 


982,405 


779,828 


687,917 


564 135 


Tennessee. . 


1,225,937 


1,109,801 


1002 717 


829 210 


681,904 


422,761 


Virginia. .. 


1,211,442 


1,596.318 


1,421,661 


1,239,797 


1,211,405 


1,065.129 


Micliigan.., 


1,184,653 


749,113 


397 654 


212,267 


31,639 


8.765 


Iowa 


1,181,359 


674,913 


192 214 


43,112 






Georgia 


1,174,832 


1,057.286 


906 185 


691,392 


516,823 


340,983 


Wisconsin . 


1,055 501 


775.881 


305,391 


30,945 






N. Carolina 


1,016 954 


992,622 


869.039 


753 419 


737,987 


638,829 


Alabama. .. 


996,175 


964,201 


771 623 


590,756 


309,527 


127,901 


N. Jersey . . 


903,044 


672,(135 


489,555 


373,306 


320,823 


277,426 


Mississippi 


842,056 


791,305 


6 6526 


375,651 


136,621 


75 448 


Texas 


795 500 


604,215 


212 592 









Maryland . . 


790,095 


687,049 


583 034 


470,019 


447,040 


407,350 


Louisiana.. 


734,420 


708,002 


517,762 


342,411 


215,739 


152 923 


S. Carolina. 


705,789 


703,708 


668,507 


594,398 


581,185 


502,741 


Maine 


628,719 


628,279 


583,169 


501,793 


399,455 


298,269 


California.. 


549,808 


379 994 


92,597 








Connecticnt 


537,417 


460,147 


370,792 


309,978 


297,675 


2 5,1' 2 


Arkansas. . . 


473,174 


435,45) 


209,897 


97,574 


30,388 


14 255 


WestVa.... 


441,094 












Minnesota.. 


424.543 


172 023 


6,077 








Kansas 


379,497 


107,206 










Vermont... 


330 582 


315,098 


314,120 


291,848 


280,652 


235 749 


N. Hamps'e 


317,710 


326,073 


317,976 


284,574 


269,328 


244,022 


Rhode Isl'd 


217 356 


174,620 


147,545 


108,830 


97,199 


83,015 


Florida .... 


189,995 


140,424 


87,445 


54,477 


34,730 




Delaware. . . 


125,015 


112,216 


91,532 


78,085 


76,748 


72,749 


Nebraska.. 


116,888 


28,841 











Oregon 


90,878 


52,465 


13,294 








Nevada ... 


42,456 


6,857 











Dis. Colum. 


131,706 


750,80 


51,687 


43,712 


39,834 


33,039 


Territories. 


288,161 


184,497 


72,927 








Total Union. 


38,538,180 


31,443,321 


23,191,876 


17,069,453 


12,866,020 


9,038,191 






TERRITORIES. 








New Mexico, 


86,122 


Washing 


ton, 23,925 Dakota, 


...14,181 


Utah, 


70,000 


Montana 


20,594 Arizona, 


.... 9,658 


Colorado, 


39,681 


Idaho,... 


14,882 Wyoming,... 


... 9,118 



AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



299 



UNITED STATES CENSUS FOR 1880 

With Congressional Apportionments.* 



Incn 



New York 5,083,173 

renneylvania 4,282,738 

Ohio 3,197,794 

Illinois 3,078,636 

Missouri 2,160,091 

Indiana 1 ,978,358 

Massachusetts 1,783,086 

Kentucky 1,648,599 

Michigan 1,634,096 

Iowa 1,624,463 

Texas 1,597,509 

Tennessee 1,542,463 

Georgia 1,538,983 

Virginia 1,512,203 

North Carolina 1,400,000 

Wisconsin 1,315,386 

Alabama 1,262,344 

Mississippi 1,131,899 

New Jersey 1,130,892 



South Carolina. 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

Marjiaud 

California 

Arkansas 

Minnesota 



995,706 

995,835 

940,263 

935,139 

864,686 

802,564 

, 780,807 

Maine 648,945 



Connecticut 

West Virginia 

Nebraska 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Rhode Island 

Florida 

Colorado 

Oregon 

Delaware 

Nevada 

District of Columbia. 
Territories 



622,683 
618,193 
452,432 
347,784 
332,286 
276,528 
266,566 
194,649 
174,767 
146,654 
62,265 
177,638 
604,956 



Total. 



50,152,559 



ise since 1870. 

712,327 

771,195 

545,492 

449,236 

477,398 

322,683 

325,735 

328,192 

449,443 

443,104 

802,009 

316,526 

364,151 

300,761 

383,046 

259,885 

266,169 

289,843 

227,848 

289,917 



34 
28 
21 
20 
14 
13 
Vl 
II 
11 
11 
11 
10 
10 
10 



205,843 

145,044 

314,878 

329,390 

856,264 

20,226 

85,266 

177,099 

335,544 

30,074 

1,704 

59,172 

76,571 

154,968 

83,689 

21,6139 

^ 19,809 

45,932 

* For Electoral 

Vote add two to 

each Sta'te. 



Utah 143,907 

Dakotah 134,502 

New Mexico . . . 118,430 



TERRITORIES. 

Washington.... 75,120 

Arizona 40,441 

Montana 39,157 



Idaho 32,611 

Wyoming 20,788 

Alaska 30,146 



300 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



HISTORY OF EACH STATE 

COMPRISING THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

In the order of their admission into Uie Union. 



DELAWARE 

RATIRTED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Dec. 7, 1787. 

Area, 2,112 sq. miles. 

Capital, Dover. 
Pop. 1880, 14G,G54. 
8o 11 allied after 
Lord de la Warr, Governor of Va., and popularly known as the 
Diamond State. First settled })y Swedes and Fins at Cape Hen- 
lopen in 1627. Embraced in the Charter of Pennsylvania until 
the adoption of a Constitution September 20, 1776. 




PENNSYLVANIA 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Dec. 12, 1787. 

Area, 4G,000 sq. miles. 
Capital, IIakris- 

BURG. 

Pop. 1880, 4,282,738. 
So named after William Penii in 1681, and popularly known 
as the Keystone State. First settled by Wm. Penn on the Dela- 
ware River in 1682 ; chartered Feb. 28, 1681 ; formed a Consti- 
tution Sept. 28, 1776. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



801 




NEW JERSEY 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Dec. 18, 1787. 

Aiea, 8,320 sq. miles. 

Capital, Trenton. 

Poi). 18S0, 1,130,893. 

So named from the Island of Jersey on the coast of France. 
First settled by the Dutch at Bergen in 1620; nnder the same 
grants as New York ; separated into East and West Jersey 
March 3, 1677; formed a Constitution July 2, 1776. 

GEORGIA 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Jan. 2, 1788. 

Areft, 58,000 sq. miles 
Capital, Atlanta. 
Pop. 1880, 1,588,983. 

So named in honor of King George II. First settled by 
Oglethrope at Savannah in 1733. Cliartered Jmie 9, 1732 ; 
adopted a Constitution Feb. 5, 1777. 

CONNECTICUT 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Jan. 9, 1788. 

Area, 4,674 sq. miles '" 
Capital, Hartford. 
Pop. 1880, 022,683. 

So called from the Indian name of its principal river, and 
popularly known as the Nutmeg or Free Stone State. First 
settled by Puritans at Windsor in 1635. Formerly embraced 
under the Charter of Mass. 





302 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



MASSACHUSETTS 




RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 



'>!lM.J?a Feb. 6, 1788. 






Area, 7,800 sq. niiios 
Cai^ita], Boston. 
^"^"-^^^^^^^'^Mii^^^^Il^ ^ ""'"^Poi). 1880, l,783,08f) 

So called from a tribe of Indians, and is popularly known a.s 
the Ba>/ State. First settled by English Puritans from Hoi 
laud at riymoiith Dec. 22, 1620. 



MARYLAND 




RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

April 28, 1788. 

Area, 11,184 sq. miles. 

Capita], Anxapolis. 

Pop. 1880, 935,139. 

So named in honor of Queen Henrietta INlaria. First set- 
tled by Roman Catholics at St. Mary in 1634. Chartered June 
20, 1632 ; formed a Constitution Aug. 14, 1776. 

SOUTH CAROLINA 

RATIFIED THE CON 
STITUTION 

May, 23, 1788. 

Area, 29,385 sq. miles. 

Capital, Columbia. 

Pop. 1880, 995,706. 
So named in honor 
of King Charles IX. of France, and popularly known as The 
Palmeto State. Embraced in the charter of North Carolina, 
from which it was separated in 1729 ; adopted a Constitution 
March 26, 1776. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS 



303 




NEW HAMPSHIRE 

RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION ^:^ 

June 21, 1788. 

Area, 9,280 sq- miles. ^' 

Capital, Concord. ^^^VJ^^\ '"^^'If ^'~^^^' 

Pop. 18S0, 347,784. ^^^^"^^^^^^^W^ 

So named from Hampshire in England and popularly known 
as the Granite State. First settled by Puritans at Dover and 
Portsmouth in lG2o; formerly embraced in the charter of 
Mass. 

VIRGINIA 

RATIFIED THE CONSTI- ^ 

TUTION ^.CS^-'" 

June 26, 1788. 

Area, 40,904 sq. miles, j^^/'/ 

Capital, Richmond. ^^ 

Pop. 1880, 1,512,203. '^ 

So named in honor of """^-1^ 

Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England, and popularly known 
as The Old Dominion, or Mother of States. First settled by the 
English at Jamestown in 1G07. Chartei-ed xA-pril 10, 1606. 
Formed a Constitution July 5, 1776. 

NEW YORK 



:ATIFIED THE CON- 




STITUTION 

July 26, 

Area, 47,000 sq. miles. 






H-^ 

f 



'^ 



Capital, Albany. ' > ^^^""^ / sae-sasLfe ^-^^3 ,,,ppi^ >d.^-g«-- , 
Pop. 1880, 5,083,173. 3^^-^^^^c:^^-V'^"'-«^''' 
So named in honor of the Duke of York, and popularly known 
as the Empire or Excelsior State. First settled by the Dutch on 
Manhattan Island in 1614. Granted to the Duke of York, March 
20, 1664. 



304 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 




NORTH CAROLINA 

KATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

Nov. 21, 1789. 

Aiea, 50,704 sq. miles. 

ALEIGH. 

400.000. 






So named in honor ot King ( liailes IX. of France, and pop- 
ularly known as the Old North or Turpentine State. First set- 
tled by the English at Albemarle in 1650. Chartered March 
20, 1663. Adopted a Constitution December 18, 1776. 



RHODE ISLAND 




RATIFIED THE CON- 
STITUTION 

May 29,1790. 

Area, 1,30G sq. miles. 
Capitals. Providence 



and Newport. 



^"^ .^^-Sr^- Pop. 1880, 276,528. 

It derives its name from the Island of Rhodes in the Med- 
iterranean, and is popularly known as Little Rhoda. First set- 
tled by Roger Williams at Providence in 1636. Jhartered by 
Parliament in 1644. 

VERMONT 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

March 4, 1791. 

-'xrea, 10,212 sq. miles. 
Capital, MoNTPELiER. 
Pop. 1880, 332,286. 
So named from 
the French vert mont, the Green Mountains, and popularly known 
as the Gree)i Mountahi State. First settled at Fort Dumiiier in 
1764. Formed from territory belonging to New York. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



305 



KENTUCKY 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

June 1, 1792. 

Area, 37, GOO sq. miles. ^, 
Capital, Frankfort. 

Pop. 1880, 1,648, 5 i)l>. 
So called from its 
principal river, and popidarly known as the State of the 
and Bloody Ground. First settled near Lexington, in 
Formed from territory belonging to Virginia. 





Dark 
1775. 



TENNESSEE 



ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

June 1, 1796. 

Aren, 45,600 sq. miles- 







Capital, Xashville. "^-/V^i'-^v 

Pop. 1880, 1,542,463. : 

So named after its ^-^ ''\'^S^ff^^'^^'^^ 
principal river, and popularly known as the Buj-Band State. 
Formed from territory belonging to North Carolina in 1790. 
Constitution adopted February 6, 1796. 



^^! 



^-c?^-* 



'il/r 



INDIANA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Dec. 11, 1816. % ^.\ 

Area, 33,809 sq. miles. (^XJ^^ ^ Ji'^C, ; , .>V'| 
Capital, Indianapolis, jy^ f ..G 1^' x^ey' ' ^-^^v•^^<K ^f 
Pop. 1880, l,978,358.^,;^,,i^/^\ Z"^' 

So named from the '"' ' -^-— _ 

American Indians, and popularly known as The Hoarier State. 
First settled at A^incennes in 1730. Formed from North-West 
territory. Constitutution adopted June 29, 1816. 



30G 



NATIONAL HAND-ROOK 

OHIO 




=^^^ ADMITTED INTO THK 
'^' " UNION 

.^^ Nov. 29, 1802. 

jy^^wJ^i.,.^ Area, 39,964 sq. miles. 
■''"^' "sOW ^'"^Pit'^l^ Columbus. 





r^'^^'"" So called from its 

principal river, and popularly known as the Buckeye State. 
First settled at Marietta in 1788. Formed from North- West 
territoiy. Constitution adopted November 1, 1802. 

LOUISIANA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
I UNION APRIL 8, 

' Ciipital, Neav Orleans. 
Area, 41,34fi sq. miles. 

Pop. 1880, 940,263. 
So named in honor of Louis XIV. and popularly known as 
The Creole Slate. First settled at Iberville in 1699 ; formed 
from French territory. Constitution adopted in January 22, 
1812. 

MISSOURI 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION AUG. 10, 
1821. 
Area, 65,350 sq. miles. 

Capital, 
Jefferson City. 

Pop. 1880,2,169,091. 
So named from its principal river, the name signifying 
Muddy loater. Formed from French territory; first settled in 
1764, at St. Louis. Constitution, adopted July 19, 1820. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



301 




MICHIGAN 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION JAN. 26, 

1837. 
Area, 56,451 sq. miles. 
Capital, Lansing. 
Pop. 1880, 1,084,090. ^""^"^ — ^,>e^RcuMsPi 

So named from Lake Michigan, an Indian term, meaning 
a river for Jish, and j^pularly known as The Wolverine State. 
Formed from the northwestern territory. First settled in 
1650, on the Detroit river. Constitution adopted January 25, 
1833. 

ILLINOIS 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION DEC. 3, 

1818. I - 

'ft I 
Area, 55,410 sq. miles. -^-"-£5 

Capital, Springfield. 

Pop. 1880, 3,078,630. ^-^^-^ ^-^-^^^^^ 

So named from its principal river, the name meaning the 
river of men^ and popularly known as The Suckn- or Prairie 
State. Formed from Northwest Territory ; first settled at Kas- 
kaskia in 1720. Constitution adopted Aug. 26, 1818. 

MISSISSIPPI _ 

ADMITTED INTO THE 

UNION DEC. 10, 

1817. 

Area, 47,156 sq, miles. 

Capital, Jackson. ^'il.MWiiltf-K c^ -V^ y^^f-C^^rl -'.^ 
Pop. 1880, 1,131,899. ^^^ ^-^S^-^f-^^- 

So named from its Western boundary, and popularly known 
AS The Bayou State. First settled at Natchez in 1716 ; formed 
from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Constitution 
adopted March 1, 1817- 








308 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



ALABAMA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 

UNION DEC. 14, 

1819. 

Area, 50,722 sq. miles. 

C api t a 1 , IVI () N t g oivi e k y . 

Pop. 1880, 1,262,344. 
So named after its principal river, the name signifying here 
2ve rest. Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia, 
and was formerly known as the Territory of Mississippi. Con- 
stitution adopted August 2, 1819. 





MAINE 



'^fei'ff'f-:^ 






ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION MARCH 15, 

I 1820. 

"Area, 31,776 sq. miles. 
Capital, Augusta. 

^i^^ JiX^^t^^"^^^^^^*^" Pop. 1880, 648,945. 

So named from Maine in France, and is popularly known as 
The Lumber or Pine Tree State. Formed from territor}- of 
Massachusetts; first settled in 1623, at York. Constitution 
adopted Oct. 29, 1819. 

ARKANSAS 

ADMITTED INTO THE 

UNION JUNE 15, 

1836. 

.^Area, 52,198 sq. miles. 

Capital, Little Rock. 

Pop. 1880, 802,564. 
So named from its principal river, and popularly known as 
The Bear State. Formed from French territory. Constitution 
adopted March 1, 1836. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



309 



WISCONSIN 



ADMITTED INTO TEE 
UNION MAY 29, 

1848. 
Area, 53,924 sq. miles. 



o -T^ 



Capital, Madison. ^J*s^^I^ 




Pop. 1880, l,315,P,8r,. -=-i 

So called from the Indian name of its principal river, signi- 
fying wild rushmg inuer. Formed from territory ceded by Vir- 
ginia t>o the United States. First settled at Green Bay, in 1670. 
Constitution adopted Jan. 21, 1847. 



IOWA 



ib^^^^^ 







ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Dec. 28, 1846. £! 

Area, 55,045 sq. miles. 
Capital, Des Moines. 
Pop. 1880. 1,024,408. 

So called from the -- ^^ - - '^^^^^t-^^^'^^""-^-^ 

Indian name of its principal river, signifying the slaepy ones, 
and popularly known as T/ie Ilaiokej/f State. Formed from In- 
dian territory. First settled at Burlington and Dubuque in 
1830. Constitution adopted December 9, 1844. 

P^LORIDA 



ADMITTED INTO THE ^ 

union i( " f" 

March 3, 1845. ,#% 

Area, 59.268 sq. ini 
Capital, Tallahas^te V^^ 
Pop. 1880, 20(),5G0 ^~ 
So named because 
discovered on Palm Sunday — Pascua Florida. First settled by 
Spaniards at St. Augustine in 1505. Secured by treaty and 
]Hn-chased from Spain in 1819. Constitution adopted Feb. 20^ 
1839. 







310 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



TEXAS 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Dec. 29, 1845. 

Area, 237,504 sq. miles. 

Capitcal, Austin. 
Pop. 1880, 1,597,509. 
So called from the 
Spanish name of the Republic, and populai'ly known as The Lune 
Star Slate. First settled in 1792. Formerly an Independent 
Republic of Mexico. Secured by conquest and treaty February; 
2, 1848. 




CALIFORNIA 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Sept. 9, 1850. 

Aren, 188,981 sq. miles. 
Capital, Sacramento 
_ Pop. 1880, 804,680. 

^^K^^^^^'""^'^''^,^^^^"^'^^- So called from the 

Spanish name of an arm of the Pacific Ocean, and popularly 
known as The Golden State. Formed from Mexican territory. 
First settled on the Pacific Slope by the Spaniards in 1769. 
Constitution adopted Nov. 13, 1849. 

MINNESOTA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

: May 11, 1858. 

' \rea, 83,531 sq. miles. 
Capital, St. Paul. 
Pop. 1880, 780,807. 
So called from an 
Indian word sit^'ui fying the tohilish water . Formed from Louisiana 
territory. First settled in 1812, on the Red River. 




OF AMERICAN PROGRESS 



311 



OREGON 



ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Feb. 12, 1859. 

Area, 95,244 sq. miles. 
Capital, Salem. 

Pop. 1880, 174,767. --^^2^ -^^^m. ** ^^^^^ ' ^i^^ ^ 
So called from the -^^^^^^^^^^ji57^<f^#^^- '-'"'- 
Indian name of its principal river, a term meaning river of the 
west. Formed from territory acquired by treaty with (ireat 
Britain in 1846. First settled by Spaniards. Constitution 
adopted November, 1857. 




KANSAS 



ADMITTED INTO THE 



UNION 

Jan. 21, 1861. 

Area, 81,318 sq. miles 
Capital, ToPEKA. 
Pop. 1880, i)'J3,335. 
So called after an 
Indian name signifying The Smoky Water. Formed from In- 
dian territory and formerly embraced in the Louisiana pur- 




chase. 



WEST VIRGINIA 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Dec. 31, 1862. 

Area, 23,000 sq. miles. ^^^v^-™^-., ^ ^^ "/.w-v^-^tt^" / en 
Capital, Charleston. ' " o-^"^ > "^"Z^^ .V f-J^'^L- 
Pop. 1880, 618,193. -- ''^^^"^iV^^^^P ^ 

So called after Virginia. Formed a part of Virginia until 
the latter seceded from the Union. 



312 



NATIOlSrAL HAND-BOOK 



NEBRASKA 




ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

March 1, 1867. 

Area, 75,995 sq. miles. 
-^ Capital, Lincoln. 



Pop. 1880, 452,432. 

So called from an Indian word signifying Water-Valley^ 
STialloio River. Organized as a Territory from the Louisiana 
purchase, May 30, 1854. 



^-_^»k*^s^ 




NEVADA 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

_ October, 1864. 

Aica, 112,090 sq. m. 

Capital, Carson City. 

r- Pop. 1880, 62,265. 

A Spanish term signifying White with Snow. Formed from 
territory acquired from Mexico in 1848, 

COLORADO 

ADMITTED INTO THE 
UNION 

Aug. 1, 1876. 

Area, 104,500 sq. miles. 

Capital, Denver. 

Pop. 1880, 194,649. 

So called from a Spanish term, signifying Red or Colored 
and popularly known as The Centennial State. Organized as a 
Territory from a part of Kansas, Nebraska and Utali, in 1861, 




at Salt Lake Cit>, U ^^^^ 
Mornian emigrants ()i 




Of AMERICAN PROGRESS. 313 

Area, 80,056 square miles. 
Capital, Salt Lake Ci i ^ 

Pop. 1880, 143,907. 

First settled in lb I' 

gauized as a Territory September 9, 1850. 

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Area, 60 square miles. 
Capital, AVashington. 
Pop. 1880, 177,638. 

Originally formed of territory ceded by Maryland find Vir- 
ginia to the United States, and held by Congress under terri- 
torial government by Act of December 23, 1788. By Act of 
Congress exclusive jurisdiction was taken by the United States, 
Feb. 27, 1801. July 9, 1846, the cession by Virginia was re- 
ceded to that State. 

ARIZONA. 

Area, 113,916 square miles. 
Capital, Tucson. 
Pop. 1880, 40,441. 
An Indian term signifying Sand Hills. Separated from 
New Mexico and organized as a Territory, February, 1863. 

IDAHO. 

Area, 90,932 square miles. 
Capital, Boise City. 
Pop. 1880, 32,611. 

Orofanized as a Territory from portions of Dakota, Nebraska 
and Washington territories March 3, 1863. 



314 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

MONTANA. 

Area, 143,776 square miles. 

Capital, Virginia City. 

Pop. 1880, 39,157. 

Separated from Idaho and organized as a Territory May 26. 
1864. 

NEW MEXICO. 

Area, 121,201 square miles. 

Capital, Santa-Fe. 

Pop. 1880, 118,430. 

So called Ironi the place of Metitile, the Aztec god of war. 
First settled in 1594 at Santa-Fe by the Spanish. Organized as 
a Territory, Sei3t. 9, 1850. 

WASHINGTON. 

Area, 69,994 square miies. 
Capital, Olympia. 
Pop. 1880, 75,120. 

So named in honor of George Washington. First settled at 
Astoria in 1811 by emigrants from New England. Organized 
as a Territory, Nov. 2, 1853. 

DAKOTA. 

Area, 147,490 square miles. 

Capital, Yankton. 

Pop. 1880, 134,502. 

So called after the common name of the Confederate Sioux 
tribes and signifies leagued, allied. Organized as a Tei-ritory 
from a portion of Nebraska, March, 1861. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 316 

ALASKA. 

Area, 380,000 square miles. 

Pop. 1880, 30,146. 

Ceded by Russia to the United States March 30, 1867, for 
17,200,000 

WYOMING. 

Area, 93,107 square miles. 

Capital, Cheyenne. 

Pop. 1880, 20,778. 

Organized as a Territory from portions of Dakota, Idaho, 
Utah, July 25, 1868. 

INDIAN. 

Area, 71,000 square miles. 

Capital, . 

Pop. 1880, 68,152. 
A tract of land set apart for the Indians and over which 
Congress does not exercise any control except for the preserv- 
ation of peace on the frontier. Organized as a TerritM^^ 1834 
The most important place is Tah-le-quah. 



316 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

THE MOST BIPORTANT TREATIES OF THE UNITED 

STATES. 

Alliance with France Feb. 6, 1779 

Treaty oi Paris (independence secured) Sept. 3, JL783 

Treaty of Commerce with Prussia 178c 

Treaty with Morocco 1787 

Treaty of commerce with Great Britain (Jay's) 1794 

Tieaty with the Six Nations and other Indian tribes 1794 

Treaty with Spain, by Pinckney ; and Algiers, by Hum- 
phries 1795 

Treaty with Tunis ; with Prussia (by J. Q. Adams) . . . 1799 
Treaty with France, by Ellsworth, Patrick Henry, &c., 1800 
Treaty of Ghent, wdth Great Britain, signed by J. Q. 
Adams, A. Gallatin, and H. Clay, for the United 

States closing the " war of 1S12 " 1814 

Ratified by the United States Feb. 17, 1815 

Treaty with the Choctaws and the Cherokees 1816 

Treaty with the Republic of Columbia 1825 

Treaty with the Creeks, Osages, &c 1825 

Treaty with Great Britain, indemnifying American citi- 
zens for spoliations during the war with Napoleon, 1826 

Treaty with Brazil March 18, 1829 

Treaty with Turkey May 7, 1830 

Treaty with Mexico (commercial) ... April 5, 1831 

Treaty with do April 5, 1832 

Treaty with Naples Oct. 14, 1832 

Treaty with Russia (commercial) Dec. 18, 1832 

Treaty with Great Brit^iin respecting the ISI. E. boundary, 

signed by Lord Ashburton and Mr. Webster, Aug. 20, 184D 
Treaty with China, negotiated by C. Gushing; ratified 1845 
Treaty of peace with Mexico, signed at Guadaloupe 1848 
Treaty with Great Britain, respecting Nicaragua, June, 1850 

Treaty with China, signed at Tier Tsin June 13, 1858 

Treaty with Japan, negotiated by Com. Perry, March 31, 1854 
Another treaty with Japan, by Townsend Harris, June 17, 1857 
Treaty with Mexico, negotiated by Mr. McLane, but re- 
jected by the U. S. Senate 1860 

Treaty between United States and Great Britain, to sup- 
press the Slave Trade 1862 

Treaty with Russia to purchase Russian America, ratified 1867 
Treaty with Great Britain adjudicating the "Alabama 

Claim" 187J 



SPEECH OF HON STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 317 



SPEEOE OF EON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 

DELrVEKKD AT CHICAGO, MAY IST, 1861. 

Mr. Ch airman : I thank you for the kind terms 
in which yc:* have been pleased to welcome me. 1 
thank the Committee and citizens of Chicago for tin's 
grand and imposing reception. I beg you to believe 
that I will not do you nor myself the injustice to 
believe this magnificent ovation is personal homage 
to myself. I rejoice to know that it expresses ycur 
devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag 
of our country. (Cheers.) 

I will not conceal gratification at the uncontro- 
vertible test this vast audience presents — that what 
political difierences or party questions may have 
divided us, yet you all had a conviction that when 
the country should be in danger, my loyalty could be 
relied on. That the present danger is imminent, no 
man can conceal. If war must come — if the bayonet 
must be used to maintain the Constitution — I can 



318 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

say before God my conscience is clean. I hava 
struggled long for a peaceful solution of the difficulty. 
I have not only tendered those States what was 
theirs of right, but I have gone to the very extreme 
of magnanimity. 

The return we receive is war, armies marched 
upon our capital, obstructions and danger? to oui 
navigation, letters of marque to invite pirates to pre;j 
upon our commerce, a concerted movement to blot 
out the United States of America from the map of 
the globe. The question is, Are we to maintain the 
country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken 
down by those who, when they can no longer govern, 
threaten to destroy ? 

What cause, what excuse do disunionists give us 
for breaking up the best Government on which the 
sun of heaven ever shed its rays ? They are dissatis- 
fied with the result of a Presidential election. Did 
they never get beaten before ? Are we to resort to 
the sword when we get defeated at the ballot box ? 
I understand it that the voice of the people expressed 
in the mode appointed by the Constitntion must 
command the obedience of every citizen. They 
assume, on the election of a particular candidate, 
that their rights are not safe in the Union. What 
evidence do they present of this ? I defy any man 
to show any act on which it is based. What act has 



8PBECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 319 

been omitted to be done ? I appeal to these assem- 
bled thousands that so far as the constitutional rights 
of the Southern States, I will say the constitutional 
rights of slaveholders, are concerned, nothing has 
been done, and nothing omitted, of which they cau 
complain. 

There has never been a time from the day thai 
Wash i nekton was inaug-urated first President of these 
United States, when the rights of the Southern 
States stood firmer under the laws of the land than 
they do now ; there never was a time when they had 
not as good a cause for disunion as they have to-day. 
What good cause have they now that has not existed 
under every Administration ? 

If they say the Territorial question— now, for the 
first time, there is no act of Congress prohibiting 
slavery anywhere. If it be the non-enforcement of 
the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have 
been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of 
the Fugitive Slave Law. Then what reason have 
they ? 

The slavery question is a mere excuse. Thu 
election of Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present 
secession movement is the result of an enormous con- 
spiracy formed more than a year since— formed by 
leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than 
twelve morths ago. 



320 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

They use the Slavery queBtion as a means to ai 
the accomplishment of their ends. They desired the 
election of a Northern candidate, by a sectional vote, 
in order to show that the two sections cannot live 
together. When the history of the two years from 
the Jjccompton charter down to the Presidential 
election shall be written, it will be shown that the 
scheme was deliberately made to break up this 
Union. 

They desired a Northern Eepublican to be elected 
by a purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact 
as a reason why the sections may not longer live 
together. If the disunion candidate in the late Presi- 
dential contest had carried the united South, their 
scheme was, the Northern candidate successful, to 
seize the Capital last spring, and by a united South 
and divided North hold it. That scheme was 
defeated in the defeat of the disunion candidate in 
several of the Southern States. 

But this is no time for a detail of causes. The 
conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised, 
war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two 
sides to the question. Every man must be for the 
United States or against it. There can be no neu- 
trals in this war ; only patriots — or traitors. 

Thank God, Illinois is not divided on this ques- 
tion. (Cheers.) I know they expected to present a 



SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. ^21 



anitcd Gout!! against a divided North. They hoped 
in the ITorthem States, party questions would bring 
civil war between Democrats and Republicans, when 
the South would step in with her cohorts, aid ono 
party to conquer the other, and then make easy pre^ 
of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil 
war in the North. 

There is but one way to defeat this. In Illinois 
it is being so defeated by closing up the ranks. War 
will thus be prevented on our own soil. While there 
was a hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable 
sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when 
the question comes of war in the cotton -fields of the 
South, or the corn-fields of Illinois, I say the farther 
off the better. 

We can not close our eyes to the sad and solemn 
fact that war does exist. The Government must be 
maintained, its enemies overthrown, and the more 
stupendous our preparations the less the bloodshed, 
and the shorter the struggle. But we must remember 
certain restraints on our action even in time of war. 
We are a Christian people, and the war must be 
prosecuted in a manner recognized by Christian 
nations. 

We must not invade Constitutional rights. The 
innocent must not sufifer, nor women and children be 
the victims. Savages must not be let loose. But 



322 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

while I sanction no war on the rights of others, I will 
inaplore mj countrymen not to lay down their arms 
until our own rights are recognized. (Cheers.) 

The Constitution and its guarantees are our birth- 
right, and I am ready to enforce tliat inalienable 
right to the last extent. We can not recognize seces- 
sion. Recognize it once, and you have not only 
dissolved government, but you have destroyed social 
order — upturned the foundations of society. You 
have inaugurated anarchy in its worst form, and will 
shortly experience all the horrors of the French 
Revolution. 

Then we have a solemn duty — to maintain the 
Government. The greater our unanimity, the 
speedier the day of peace. We have prejudices to 
overcome from the few short months since of a fierce 
party contest. Yet these must be allayed. Let us 
lay aside all criminations and recriminations as to 
the origin of these difficulties. When we shall have 
again a country with the United States flag floating 
over it, and respected on every inch of American 
«oil, it will then be time enough to ask who and 
what brought all this upon us. 

I have said more than I intended to say. (Cries 
^f " Go on.") It is a sad task to discuss questions so 
fearful as civil war ; but sad as it is, bloody and dis- 
astrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my 



SPEECH 01 HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. ^23 

conviction before God, that it is the duty of e\ ery 
American citizen to rally round the flag of his 
country. 

I thank you again for this magnificent demonstra- 
tion. By it you show you have laid aside party 
strife. Illinois has a proud position — United, firm, 
determined never to permit the Government to be 
destroyed. ^Prolonged cheering.'^ 



324 NATION A^L HAND-BOOM. 



FIEST INAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT 
LINCOLN 

Maboh 4th, 1861. 

Fellow- Citizens of the United States: 

In compliance with a custom as old as the Gov 
ernment itself, I appear before you to address you 
briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath pre- 
scribed by the Constitution of the United States to 
be taken by the President, before he enters on the 
execution of his oflice. 

I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me 
to discuss those matters of administration about 
which there is no special anxiety or excitement. 
Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the 
Southern States, that, by the accession of a Repub- 
lican Administration;, their property and their peace 



INAUGUBAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LmCX)LN. 325 

and personal security are to be endangered. There 
has never been any reasonable cause for such appre- 
hension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the 
contrary has all the while existed, and been open to 
their inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub- 
lished speeches of him who now addresses you. 1 
do but quote from one of those speeches, when I 
declare that " I have no purpose, directly or indi- 
rectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in 
the States where it exists." I believe I have no 
lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to 
do so. Those who nominated and elected me, did so 
with the full knowledge that I had made this, and 
made many similar declaratious, and had never re- 
canted them. And, more than this, they placed in 
the platform, for my acceptance, and as a Jaw to 
themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu- 
tion which I now read : 

''Resolved^ That the maintenance inviolate of tht 
rights of the States, and especially the right of each 
State to order and control its own domestic institu 
tions according to its own judgment exclusively, i 
essential to that balance of power on which the per 
fection and endurance of our political fabric depend ^ 
and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed fore© 
of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under 
what pretext, as among the g^ravest of crimes." 



326 NATIONAL HAND-BO JK. 

1 now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so 
I only press upon the public attention the most con- 
clusive evidence o^ which the case is susceptible, that 
the property, peace, and security of no section are 
to be in anywise endangered by tlie now incomiflg 
Administration. 

I add, too, til at all the protection which, consist- 
ently with the Constitution and the laws, can be 
given will be cheerfully given to all the States when 
lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully 
to one section as to another. 

There is much controvery about the delivering 
up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I 
now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as 
any other of its provisions : 

" No person held to service or labor in one State 
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, 
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be 
discharged from such service or labor, but shall be 
delivered up on claim of the j arty to whom such 
service or labor may be due." 

It is scarcely questioned that this provision was 
intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of 
what we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of 
the lawgiver is the law. 

All members of Congress swear their support to 
the whole Constitution — to this provision as well as 



mAUGTJRAL ADDEESS OF PRESIDENT L,»NCOLN. 321 

any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves 
whose cases come within the terms of this clause 
" shall be delivered up," their oaths are imanimous. 
Now, if they would make the effort in good temper 
could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame 
and pass a law by means of which to keep good that 
unanimous oath ? 

There is some difference of opinion whether this 
clause should be enforced by National or by State 
authority ; but surely that difference is not a very 
material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it 
can be of but little consequence to him or to others 
by which authority it is done ; and should any one, 
in any case, be content that this oath shall go unkept 
on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it 
shall be kept ? 

Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not 
all the safeguards of liberty known in the civilized 
and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that 
ft free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a 
slave ? And might it not be well at the same time 
to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause 
in the Constitution which guaranties that " the citi 
zens of each State shall be entitled to all the 
privileges and immunities of citizens of the several 
States?" 

I take the official oath to-day with no mental 



328 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

reservations, and with no purpose to construe the 
Constitution or laws bj any hypercritical rules ; and 
while I do not choose now to specify particular acts 
of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest 
that it will be much safer for all, both in official and 
private stations, to conform to and abide bj all those 
acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of 
them, trusting to find impunity in having them held 
to be unconstitutional. 

It is seventy-two years since the first inaugura- 
tion of a President under our national Constitution. 
During that period fifteen difiPerent and very distin- 
guished citizens have in succession administered the 
executive branch of the government. They have 
conducted it through many perils, and generally 
with great success. Yet, with all this scope for pre- 
cedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief 
constitutional term of four years, under great ani 
peculiar difficulties. 

A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofoie 
only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold 
that in the contemplation of universal law and of 
the Constitution, the Union of these States is per- 
petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in 
the fundamental law of all national governments. 
It is safe to assert that no government proper ever 
bad a provision in its organic law for its own termin- 



INAUGTTRAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 329 

ation. Continue to execute all the express provisions 
of our national Constitution, and the Union will 
endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it, 
except by some action not provided for in the instru- 
Qient itself. 

Again, if the United States be not a governme:it 
proper, but an association of States in the nature of 
a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably 
unmade by less than all the parties who made iti 
One party to a contract may violate it — break it, so 
to speak; but does it not require all to lawfully 
rescind it ? Descending from these general principles 
we find the proposition that in legal contemplation 
the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of 
the Union itself. 

The Union is much older than the Constitution. 
It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association 
in 1774. It was matured and continued in the Dec- 
laration of Independence in 1776. It was further 
matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States 
expressly plighted and engaged that it should be 
perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778 ; 
and, finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for 
ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to 
form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction 
of the Union by one or by a part only of the States 
be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, 



330 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the Constitution having lost the vital element ol 
perpetuity. 

It follows from these views that no State, upon 
its own mere motion, can lawiullj get out of the 
[Jnion ; that resolves and ordinances to that enect, 
are legally void ; and that acts of violence within anj 
State or States against the authority of the United 
States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, accord- 
ing to circumstances. 

I therefore consider that, in view of the Consti- 
tution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to 
the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the 
Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that 
the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in 
all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only 
a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform 
it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, 
the American people, shall withhold the requisition, 
or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. 

I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but 
only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will 
constitutionally defend and maintain itself. 

In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- 
lence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon 
the national authority. 

The power confided to me wiU he used to hold, 
occupy, and possess the property and places belonging 



mAOQURAL ADDEESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 331 

to the GovernmeQit, and collect the duties aad im- 
posts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these 
objects there will be no invasion, no using of force 
against or among the people anywhere. 

Where hostility to the United States shall be so 
great and so universal as to prevent competent resi- 
dent citizens from holding the Federal offices, there 
will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers 
among the people that object. While the strict 
legal right may exist of the Government to enforce 
the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so 
would be so irritating, and so nearly impraci icablc 
withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time 
the nses of such offices. 

The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be 
furnished in all parts of the Union. 

So far as possible, the people everywhere shall 
have that sense of perfect security which is most 
favorable to calm thought and reflection. 

The course here indicated will be followed, unless 
current events and experience shall show a modifica- 
tion or change to be proper ; and in every case and 
exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord- 
ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with 
a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national 
troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies 
and affections. 



332 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

That there are persons, in one section or aiiotlier, 
who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are 
glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor 
deny. But if there be such, I need address no word 
to them. 

To those, however, who really love the Union, 
may I not speak, before entering upon so grave a 
matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with 
all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes ? Would 
it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? Will you 
hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the 
ills you fly from, have no real existence? Will you, 
while the certain ills you fly to, are greater than all 
the real ones you fly from ? Will you risk the com- 
mission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be 
content in the Union if all constitutional rights 
can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, 
plainly written in the Constitution has been denied 1 
I think not. Happily the human mind is so consti- 
tuted, that no party can reach to the audacity of 
doing this. 

Think, if you can, of a single instance in which 
a plainly- written provision of the Constitution has 
ever been denied. If, by the mere force of numbers, 
a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly- 
written constitutional right, it might, in a moral 
point of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would, 



INATJGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 333 

if such right were a vital one. But such is not our 
case. 

All the vital rights of minorities and of individu- 
als are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and 
negations, guaranties and prohibitions in the Consti- 
tution, that controversies never arise concerning 
them. But no organic law can ever be framed with 
a provision specifically applicable to every question 
which may occur in practical administration. No 
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reason- 
able length contain, express provisions for all possible 
questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered 
by national or by State authorities? The Constitu- 
tion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect 
slavciy in the Territories ? The Constitution does 
not expressly say. From questions of this class, 
spring all our constitutional controversies, and we 
divide upon them into majorities and minorities. 

If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority 
must, or the government must cease. There is no 
alternative for continuing the government but acqui- 
escence on the one side or the other. If a minority 
in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce, 
they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and 
divide them, for a minority of their own will secede 
horn them whenever a majority refuses to be con- 
trolled by such a minority. For instance, why not 



334 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

any portion of a new confederacy, a year or two 
hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions 
of the present Union now claim to secede from it ? 
All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being 
educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is thcro 
such perfect identity of interests among the States to 
compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, 
and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central 
idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. 

A majority held in restraint by constitutional 
check and limitation, and always changing easily 
with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sen- 
timents, is the only true sovereign of a free people. 
Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy 
or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible ; and the 
rule of a majority, as a permanent arrangement, is 
wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority 
principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all 
that is left. 

I do not forget the position assumed by some 
that constitutional questions are to be decided by 
the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decis- 
ions must be binding in any case upon the parties to 
a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are 
also entitled to very high respect and consideration 
in all parallel cases by all other departments ot the 
government ; and while it is obviously possible that 



BfAUGUEAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 335 

Buch decision may be erroneous in any given case, 
still the evil effect following it, being limited to that 
particular case, with the chance that it may be over- 
ruled and never become a precedent for other cases, 
can better be borne than could the evils of a different 
practice. 

At the same time the candid citizen must confess 
that if the policy of the government upon the vital 
questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevo- 
cabl}^ fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, 
the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation 
between parties in personal actions, the people will 
have ceased to be their own masters, unless having 
to that extent practically resigned their government 
into the hands of that eminent tribunal. 

Nor is there in this view any assault upon the 
court or the judges. It is a duty from which they 
may not shrink, to decide cases properlj^ brought 
before them ; and it is no fault of theirs if others seek 
to turn their decisions into political purposes. One 
section of our country believes slavery is right and 
ought to be extended, while the other believes it is 
wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the 
only substantial dispute ; and the fugitive slave 
clause of -the Constitution, and the law for the sup 
pression of the foreign slave trade, are each as well 
enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com- 



336 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

munity where tlie moral sense of the people imper« 
fectlj supports the law itself. The great body of the 
people abide by the dry legal obligation in both 
cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, 
cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in 
both cases after the separation of the sections than 
before. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly 
suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without 
restriction, in one section ; while fugitive slaves, now 
only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered 
at all by the other. 

Physically speaking we cannot separate— we can- 
not remove our respective sections from each other, 
nor build an impassable wall between them. A 
husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of 
the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but 
the different sections of our country cannot do this. 
They cannot but remain face to face ; and inter- 
course, either amicable or hostile, must continue 
between them. Is it possible, then, to make that 
intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory 
after separation than before? Can aliens make 
treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can 
treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens 
than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to 
war, you cannot fight always; and when, after much 
loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease 



IN AUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 337 

fighting, tlie identical questions as to terms of inter- 
course are again upon you. 

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the 
people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow 
weary of the existing government, they can exercise 
their constitutional right of amejiding, or their revolu- 
tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I can- 
not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and 
patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national 
Constitution amended. While I make no recom- 
mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full 
authority of the people over the whole subject, to be 
exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the 
instrument itself, and I should, under existing cir- 
cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair oppor- 
tunity being afforded the people to act upon it. 

I will venture to add, that to me the convention 
mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments 
to originate with the people themselves, instead of 
only permitting them to take or reject propositions 
originated by others not especially chosen for the 
purpose, and which might not be precisely such as 
they would wish either to accept or refuse. I under- 
stand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution 
(which amendment, however, I have not seen) has 
passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Gov- 
ernment shall never interfere with the domestic 



338 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

institutions of States, including that of persons held 
to ser'vice. To avoid misconstruction of what I 
have said, I depart from mj purpose not to speak of 
particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding 
Buch a provision to now be implied constitutional 
law, I have no objection to its being made express 
and irrevocable. 

The chief magistrate derives all his authority 
from the people, and they have conferred none upon 
him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. 
The people themselves, also, can do this if they 
choose, but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do 
with it. His duty is to administer the present gov- 
ernment as it came to his hands, and to transmit it 
unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should 
there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate 
justice of the people ? Is there any better or equal 
hope in the world? In our present difibrences is 
either party without faith of being in the right ? If 
the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal 
truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on 
yours of the South, that truth and that justice will 
surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal, 
the American people. By the frame of the Govern- 
ment under which we live, this same people have 
wisely given their public servants but little power 
*br mischief, and have with equal wisdom provifled 



INArGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLls; 339 

for the return of that little to their own hands ai 
very short intervals. While the people retain their 
virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex- 
treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure 
the Government in the short space of four years. 

My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and 
well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can 
be lost by taking time. 

If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot 
haste, to a step which you would never take deliber- 
ately, that object will be frustrated by taking time ; 
but no good object can be frustrated by it. 

Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the 
old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive 
point, the laws of your own framing under it; while 
the new administration will have no immediate 
power, if it would, to change either. 

If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied 
hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no 
single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, 
patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him 
who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are 
still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our 
present difticulties. 

In vour hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, 
and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. 
The government will not assail you. 



340 NATIONAI. HAND-BOOK. 

You can have no conflict without being youi 
selves the aggressors. Tou have no oath registered 
in Heaven to destroy the government ; while I shall 
have the most solemn one to " preserve, protect, and 
defend it." 

I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but 
friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion 
may have strained, it must not break our bonds of 
afiection. 

The mystic cords of memory, stretching from 
every battle-field and patriot grave to every living 
heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will 
yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again 
touched, as surely they wiU be, by the better angels 
of our nature. 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY. 



341 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING THE GREAT CIVIL WAR 

OF 1861-65. 
The following statement shows the number of meu 
furnished by each State : 



STATES. 



Men furnished 
under Act of 
April 15, 1861, 
for 75,000 militia 
for 3 months. 



Aggregate No. 
of men f urmsh'd 
under all calls. 



Maine 

New Hampshire 

Vermont 

Massachusetts 

Rhode Island 

Connecticut 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

West Virginia... .. . 

District of Columbia 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

Kentucky 

Kansas 

Tennessee 

Arkansas 

North Carolina 

California 

Nevada 

Oregon 

Washington Ter'ty. . 

Nebraska 

Colorado 

Dakota 

New Mexico . . . 



Total , 



71,745 
34,605 
35,246 
151,785 
23,711 
57,270 
464,156 
79,511 
366,326 
13,651 
49,731 
32.003 
16,872 
317,133 
195,147 
258,217 
90,119 
96,118 
25,034 
75,860 
108,773 
78,540 
20,097 
12.077 



Aggregate No. 
ofmenfurDisli d 
under all calls, 
reduced to the 3 
years' standard. 

56.595 
30,827 
29,052 
123,844 
17,878 
50,514 
381,696 
55,785 
267,558 
10,303 
40,692 
27,653 
11,506 
237.976 
152,283 
212,694 
80,865 
78,985 
19,675 
68,182 
86,192 
70,348 
18,654 
12,077 



7,451 
216 
617 
895 

1,279 

1,762 
181 

2,395 



7,451 
216 
581 
895 
380 

1,762 
181 

1,011 



2,688 523 1 2,154,P.ll 



842 NATIONAL HAITD-BOOK. 



PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S HRST GALL FOS 
TROOPS. 

APRIL 16th, 1861. 

Whereas^ the laws of the United States have been 
for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the 
execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South 
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, 
Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful 
to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial 
proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals 
by law ; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- 
dent of the United States, in virtue of the power in 
roe vrested by the Constitution and the laws, have 
thought fit to call forth the Militia of the several 
States of the Union to the aggregate number of 
75,000, in order to suppress said combinations, and 
to cause the laws to be duly executed. 

The details for this object will be immediately 
communicated to the State authorities through the 



War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to 
favor, facilitate, and aid, this effort to maintain the 
honor, the integrity, and existence, of our national 
Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, 
and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. 
I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned 
to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to 
repossess the forts, places, and property which have 
been seized from the Union ; and in every event the 
utmost care will be observed, consistently with the 
objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any 
destruction of, or interference with property, or any 
disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the 
country ; and I hereby command the persons compos- 
ing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire 
peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty 
days from this date. 

Deeming that the present condition of public 
affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, 1 do hereby, 
in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu- 
tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Sena- 
tors and Representatives are, therefore, summoned to 
assemble at their respective chambers at twelve 
o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July 
next, then and there to consider and determine such 
measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and 
interest may seem to demand. 



344 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, 
and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. 
Done at the City of Washington, this fifteenth day 
of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand 
eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independ- 
ence of the United States the eighty-fifth. 

A.BRAHAM LmCOLN. 

Bj the President. 
William H. Seward, Secretary of State, 



TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED LNTO SERVICE 
DURING THE REBELLION. 

The various calls of the President for men were 
as follows : 



1861,- 


-3 months' men, 




75,000 


1861,- 


-3 years' men, . 




500,000 


1862,- 


-3 years' men, . 




300,000 


1862,- 


-9 months' men, 




. 300,000 


1864,- 


-3 years' men, February, 




. 500,000 


1864,- 


—3 years' men, March, 




. 200,000 


1864,' 


-3 years' men, July, 




. 500,000 


1864,- 


—3 years' men, December, 




. 300,000 



Total, 



2,675,000 



These do not include tlie militia that were 
brought into seiTice during the various invasions of 
Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania. 



V, T. f!H\MBEE OF OOMMEBCE EE80LUT10N8. 345 



RESOLUTIONS OF THE N. Y. OHAMBEE OF 
COMMERCE. 

SUSTAINING THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND UEQINQ A STBIOl 
BLOCKADE OF SOUTHERN POETS, APRIL lOXH, 18G1, 

W/ie?'eas, Our country has, in the course of 
events, reached a crisis unprecedented in its past 
history, exposing it to extreme dangers, and involv- 
ing the most momentous results ; and Whereas, The 
President of the United States has, by his Proclama- 
tion, made known the dangers which threaten the 
stability of Government, and called upon the people 
to rally in support of the Constitution and laws ; and 
WJiereas, The merchants of ITew York, represented 
in this Chamber, have a deep stake in the results 
which may flow from the present exposed state of 
national afiairs, as well as a jealous regard for the 
honor of that flag under whose protection they have 
extended the commerce of this city to the remotest 
part of the world ; therefore. 



346 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Resolved^ That this Chamber, alive to the perils 
r*rhich have been gathering around our cherished 
form of Government and menacing its overthrow, 
has witnessed with lively satisfaction the determina- 
tion of the President to maintain the Constitution 
and vindicate the supremacy of Government and 
law at every hazard. (Cheers.) 

Resolved^ That the so-called secession of some ot 
the Southern States having at last culminated in 
open war against the United States, the American 
people can no longer defer their decision between 
anarchy or despotism on the one side, and on the 
other liberty, order, and law under the most benign 
Government the world has ever known. 

ResoUed^ That thip Chamber, forgetful of past 
differences of political opinion among its members, 
will, with unanimity and patriotic ardor, support the 
Government in this great crisis: and it hereby 
pledges its best efforts to sustain its credit and facili- 
tate its financial operations. It also confidently 
appeals to all men of wealth to join in these efforts 
(Applause.) 

Resolved, That while deploring the advent of 
civil war which has been precipitated on the country 
by the madness of the South, the Chamber is per- 
suaded that policy and humanity alike demand that 
it should be met by the most prompt and energetic 



N. Y. CHAMBEE OF OOMMEKCE RESOLUTIONS. 347 

measures ; and it accordingly recommends to Gov- 
ernment the instant adoption and prosecution of a 
policy so vigorous and resistless, that it will crush 
out treason now and forever. (Applause.) 

Resolved^ That the proposition of Mr. Jefferson 
Davis to issue letters of marque to whosoever may 
apply for them, emanating from no recognized Gov- 
ernment, is not only without the sanction of public 
law, but piratical in its tendencies, and therefore 
deserving the stern condemnation of the civilized 
world. It cannot result in the fitting out of regular 
privateers, but may, in infesting the ocean with 
piratical cruisers, armed with traitorous commissions, 
to despoil our commerce and that of all other 
maritime nations. (Applause.) 

Resolved^ That in view of this threatening evil, it 
is, in the opinion of this Chamber, the duty of our 
Government to issue at once a proclamation, warning 
all persons, that privateering under the commissions 
proposed will be dealt with as simple piracy. It 
owes this duty not merely to itself, but to other 
maritime nations, who have a right to demand that 
the United States Government shall promptly discoun- 
tenance every attempt within its borders to legalize 
piracy. It should, also, at the earliest moment, block- 
ade every Southern port, so as to prevent the egress 
and ingress of such vessels. (Immense applause.) 



348 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Besolved, That the Secretary be directed to send 
copies of these resolutions to the Chambers of Com- 
merce of other cities, inviting their co-operation in 
such measures as may be deemed effective in 
strengthening the hands of Government in this 
emergency. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, duly 
attested by the officers of the Chamber, be forwarded 
to the President of the United States. 

BLOCKADE RESOLUTIONS. 

Whereas, War against the Constitution and Gov- 
ernment of these United States has been commenced, 
and is carried on by certain combinations of indi- 
viduals, assuming to act for States at the South 
claiming to have seceded from the United States ; 
and 

Whereas, Such combinations have officially pro- 
mulgated an invitation for the enrollment of vessels^ 
to act under their authorization, and as so-called 
" privateers," against the flag and commerce of the 
United States ; therefore. 

Resolved, by the Chamber of Commerce of the 
State of New York, That the United States Govern- 
ment be recommended and urged to blockade the 
ports of such States, or any other State that hIiuII 



N. T. CHAMBEB OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 349 

join them, and that this measure is demanded for 
defence in war, as also for protection to the commerce 
of the United States against these so-called '' priva- 
teers " invited to enrol under the authority of such 
States. 

Resolved^ That the Chamber of Commerce of 
the State of I^ew York pledges its hearty and cor- 
dial support to such measures as the Government of 
the United States may, in its wisdom, maugurate 
and carry through in the blockade of such Dorta. 



THE AMNESTY ACT GF 1872. 

Be it enacted, &c., (two-thirds of each House con- 
curring therein,) That all legal and poKtical disabili- 
ties imposed by the third section of the fourteenth 
article of the Amendments of the Constitution of the 
United States are hereby removed from all persons 
whomsoever, except Senators and Representatives of 
the Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Congress, officers 
in the judicial, military and naval service of the 
United States, heads of Departments, and foreign 
ministers of the United States. 

Approved May 22, 1872. 



350 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



A PROCLAMATION, 

BY THB PRB8IDKNT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEBIC V, 
BLOCKADING THE BOUTHEEN POETS. 

Whereas an insurrection against the Governmenl 
of the United States has broken out in the States of 
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missis- 
sippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the 
United States for the collection of the revenue can 
not be efficiently executed therein conformably to 
that provision of the Constitution which requires 
duties to be uniform throughout the United States : 

And Whereas a combination of persons, engaged 
in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pro- 
tended letters of marque to authorize the bearers 
thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and 
property of good citizens of the country lawfully 
engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters 
of the United States : 

And Whereas an Executive Proclamation has 



BLOCKADE PEOOLAMATION. 851 

been already issued, requiring the persons engaged 
in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, 
calling out a militia force for the purpose of repress- 
ing the same, and convening Congress in extraordi- 
nary session to deliberate and determine thereon : 

jN'ow, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President 
of the United States, with a view to the same pur- 
pofees before mentioned, and to the protection of the 
public peace, and the lives and property of quiet 
and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupa- 
tions, until Congress shall have assembled and 
deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or 
until the same shall have ceased, have further 
deemed advisable to set on foot a Blockade of the 
ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the 
laws of the United States and of the laws of nationb 
in such cases provided. For this purpose a compe- 
tent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance 
and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, 
therefore, with a view to violate such Blockade, a 
vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave any 
of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the 
Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who 
will endorse on her register the fact and date of such 
warning ; and if the same vessel shall again attempt 
to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be ca|> 
tured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for 



S52 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Buch proceedings against her and her cargo as prize 
as may be deemed advisable. 

And I hereby proclaim and declare, that if any 
person, under the pretended authority of said States, 
or under any other pretence, shall molest a vessel of 
the United States, or the persons or cargo on board 
of her, such person will be held amenable to the 
laws of the United States for the prevention and 
punishment of piracy. 

Abraham Lincoln. 
By the President. 

Wu^LiAM H. Sewaed, Secretary of 8t>aU. 

Washington, April 19, 18«1. 



THE EUAirOIFATION PB00LA1IA.TI0N. 353 



THE EMANCIPATION PEOOLAMATION. 

BT THE PBESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEBIOiu 

"Wheeeas, on the twenty-second day of Septem- 
ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- 
dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by 
the President of the United States, containing among 
other things the following, to wit : 

" That on the first day of January, in the year 
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- 
three, all persGzis held as slaves within any State, or 
designated part of a State, the people whereof shall 
then be in rebellion against the United States, shall 
be then, thenceforth and forever free, and the 
Executive Government of the United States, includ- 
ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will 
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, 
and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or 
any of them, in any efforts they may make for their 
actual freedom. 

"That the Executive will, on the first day of 



354 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the 
States and parts of States, if any, in which the people 
thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against 
the United States, and the fact that any State, oi 
the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith 
represented in the Congress of the United States by 
members chosen thereto at elections wherein a ma- 
jority of tlie qualified voters of such State shall have 
participated, shall, in tlie absence of strong counter- 
vailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence 
that such State and the people thereof are not then 
in rebellion against the United States." 

Kow, therefore, I, ABRAHAM LmCOLISr, 
President of the United States, by virtue of the 
power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the 
Army and Navy of the United States in time of 
actual armed rebellion against the authority and 
government of the United States, and as a fit and 
necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, 
do, on this first day of January, in the year of onr 
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 
and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly 
proclaim for the full period of one hundred days 
from the day of the first above mentioned order, and 
designate, as the States and parts of States wherein 
the people thereof respectively are this day in rebel- 
lion against the United States, the following, to wit : 



THE EMANCIPATION PEOCLAMATION. 355 

AKKANSAS, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, (except the 
Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. 
John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, 
Terre Bonne, Lafourclie, St. Mary, St. Martin, and 
Orleans, including the City of Orleans), MISSIS- 
SIPPI, ALABAMA, FLOEIDA, GEORGIA, 
SOUTH CAEOLIlSrA, NORTH CAROLINA, and 
VIRGINIA (except the forty-eight counties desig- 
nated as West Virginia, and also the counties of 
Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, 
York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the 
cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which ex- 
cepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if 
this Proclamation were not issued. 

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose 
aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons 
HELD AS SLAVES within said designated States and 
parts of States aee, and henceforward SHALL BE 
FREE ! and that the Executive Government of the 
United States, including the military and naval au- 
thorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the 
freedom of said persons. 

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared 
to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in 
necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them 
that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithftilly 
for reasonable wages. 



356 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

And I further declare and make known that such 
persons of suitable condition will be received into 
the armed service of the United States to garrison 
forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man 
vessels of all sorts in said service. 

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an 
act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon 
military necessity, I invoke the considerate judg- 
ment of mankind and the gracious favor of Al- 
mighty God. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto eei my 
name, and caused the seal of the United States to be 
affixed. 

Done at the City of Washington, this first day 

of January, in the year of our Lord one 

Tl. 8.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, 

and of the Independence of the United 

States the eighty-seventh. 

ABRAHAM LINCOLK. 
By the President. 

Wtlliam H. Sewaed, 

Secreta/ry of State. 



THB OOHTIBOATION A.OI. 35 J 



THJE CONFISCATION ACT. 

ro OONFISOATK PROPEBTY USED FOB INSUEBHOTIONABY PUBPOSKa 

^e it enacted, etc., That if, during the present or 
any future insurrection against the Government of 
the United States, after the President of the United 
States shall have declared, by proclamation, that the 
laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe- 
cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow- 
erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of 
judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the 
marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or 
their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or 
acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind 
or description, with intent to use or employ tho 
same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in 
aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or 
resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en- 
gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the 



358 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

owner or owners of any sucli property, shall know- 
ingly use or employ, or consent to the use or employ- 
ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property id 
hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and 
capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of 
the President of the United States to cause the same 
to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. 

Sec. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con- 
demned in the district or circuit court of the United 
States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi- 
ralty in any district in which the same may be seized, 
or into which they may be taken and proceedings 
first instituted. 

Sec. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district 
attorney of the United States in which said property 
may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of 
condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly 
for the benefit of the United States ; or any person 
may file an information with such attorney, in which 
case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in- 
former and the United States in equal parts. 

Sec. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the present 
insurrection against the Government of the United 
States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser- 
vice under the law of any State, shall be required or 
permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser- 
vice is claimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of 



THE OONFISOaTION AOT. 359 

such persons, to take up arms against the United 
States, or shall be required or permitted by the per- 
son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be 
due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed 
in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, sliip^ 
intrenchment, or in any military or naval service 
whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au- 
thority of the United States, then, aud in every such 
case, the person to whom such labor or service ia 
claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor, 
any law of the State or of the United States to the 
contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter 
the person claiming such labor or service shall seek 
to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and suflScient 
answer to such claim that the person whose service 
or labor is claimed had been employed in the hoptile 
service against the Government of the United States, 
contrary to the provisions of this act. 



360 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST 
INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 

Masoh 4, 1865. 

Fellow-Cotjntkymen : At this second appearing 
to take tlie oath of the Presidential office, there is 
less occasion for an extended address than there was 
at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, 
c f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and 
proper. N^ow, at the expiration of four years, during 
which public declarations have been constantly 
called forth on every point and phase of the great 
contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses 
the energies of the nation, little that is new could be 
presented. 

The progress of our arms, upon which all else 
chiefly depends, m as well known to the public as to 
myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and 
encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, 
no prediction in regard to it is ventured. 



ltbtooln's last inaugubal address. 36] 

On the occasion corresponding to this four years 
ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im- 
pending civil war. All dreaded it ; all sought to 
avoid it. While the inaugural address was being 
delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav- 
ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in 
the city seeking to destroy it without war — seeking 
to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego- 
tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of 
them would make war rather than let the nation 
survive ; and the other would rather accept war than 
let it perish, and the war came. 

One-eighth of the whole population were colored 
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but 
localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves 
constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. AL 
knew that this interest was somehow the cause of 
the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend 
this interest, was the object for which the insurgents 
would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov- 
ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict 
the territorial enlargement of it. 

Neither party expected for the war the magni 
tude or the duration which it has already attained. 
Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict 
might cease with, or even before the conflict itself 
should cease. Each looked for an easier tri 



362 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

umph, and a result less fundamental and astound- 
ing. 

Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same 
God; and each invoke his aid against the other. It 
may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a 
just God's assistance in wringing their bread from 
the sweat of other men's faces; but let us judge not, 
that we be not judged. The prayers of both could 
not be answered. That of neither has been an- 
swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. 
" Woe unto the world because of offences, for it nmst 
must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that 
man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall 
suppose that American slavery is one of these offen- 
ces, which, in the providence of God, must need? 
come, but which, having continued through his 
appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he 
gives to both North and South this terrible war as 
the woe due to those by whom the offence came, 
shall we discern therein any departure from those 
divine attributes which the believers in a living God 
always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer- 
vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war 
may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- 
tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's 
two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall 
be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with 



363 



the laeh, shall be paid with another drawn by the 
Bword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still 
it must be said, ^' The judgments of the Lord are 
true and righteous altogether." 

With malice toward none, with charity to all, 
with firnmess in the right, as God gives lis to see the 
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; 
to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who 
shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and 
his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and (;her- 
ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and 
with all nations. 



364 nation4lT hand-book. 



PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S PEOOLAMATION OF 
AMNESTY. 

A-OOOMPANTINQ THB PBESIDBNT's MBB8AQE, DEOBMBEB 8, 1863. 

Whereas, in and by the Constitution of the 
United States, it is provided that the President 
" shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons 
for offences against the United States, except in 
cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now 
exists whereby the loyal State governments of several 
States have for a long time been subverted, and 
many persons have committed and are now guilty of 
treason against the United States ; and whereas^ 
with reference to said rebellion and treason, lawa 
have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures 
and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves^ 
all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and 
also declaring that the President was thereby author- 
ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to 
extend to persons who may have participated in the 



existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par 
don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such 
times and on such conditions as he may deem expe- 
dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con- 
gressional declaration for limited and conditional 
pardon accords with well established judicial exposi- 
tion of the pardoning power ; and whereas, with 
reference to said rebellion, the President of the 
United States has issued several proclamations with 
provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and 
whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore 
engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance 
to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State 
governments within and for their respective States : 
Therefore, 

" I, Abkaham Lincoln, President of the United 
States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all 
persons who have, directly or by implication, partici- 
pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter 
excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to 
them and each of them, with restoration of all rights 
of property, except as to slaves, and in property 
cases where rights of third parties shall have inter- 
vened, and upon the condition that every such 
person shall take and subscribe an oath, and thence- 
forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and 
which oath shall be registered for permanent preser- 



366 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

vation, and sliall be of the tenor and effect following, 
to wit : 

" I, , do solemnly swear, in presence 

of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully 
support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the 
United States, and the union of the States there- 
under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and 
faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during 
the existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so 
long and so far as not repealed, modified, or held 
void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme 
Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by 
and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi- 
dent made during the existing rebellion having 
reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified 
or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. 
So help me God." 

The persons excepted from the benefits of the 
foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have 
been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so- 
called confederate government ; all who have left 
judicial stations under the United States to aid the 
rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military 
or naval officers of said so-called confederate govern- 
ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of 
lieutenant in the navy ; all who left seats in the 
United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all wJio 



Lincoln's proclamation of amnesty. 36/ 

resigned commissions in the Army or Navy of the 
United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ; 
and all who have engaged in any way in treating 
colored persons, or white persons in charge of such, 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and 
which persons may have been found in the United 
States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any othei 
capacity. 

And I do further proclaim, declare and make 
known, that whenever, in any of the Staies oi 
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, 
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and 
North Carolina, a number of persons, not less thar 
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State 
at the presidential election of the year of our Lord 
1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not 
having since violated it, and being a qualified vote? 
by the election law of the State existing immediatel} 
before the so-called act of secession, and excluding 
all others shall re-establish a State government which 
shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said 
oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern- 
ment of the State, and the State shall receive there- 
under the benefits of the constitutional provision 
which declares that " the United States shall guar- 
anty to every State in this Union a republican form 
of grovemment, and shall protect each of them 



368 NATIONAL HAHD-BOOK. 

against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla- 
ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot 
be convened), against domestic violence." 

And I do further proclaim, declare, and make 
known that any provision which may be adopted by 
Ruch State government in relation to the freed 
people of such State, which shall recognize and 
declare their permanent freedom, provide for their 
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a 
temporary arrangement, with their present condition 
as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not 
be objected to by the I^ational Executive. And it is 
suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a 
loyal State government in any State, the name of 
the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti- 
tution, and the general code of laws, as before the 
rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi- 
cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore 
stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said 
conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by 
those framing the new State government. 

To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to 
say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to 
State governments, has no reference to States 
wherein loyal State governments have all the while 
been maintained. And for the same reason, it may 
be proper to further say that whether members sent 



LINCOLN 8 PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 369 

to Congress from any State shall be admitted to 
Beats, constitutionally rests exclusive witli the 
respective Houses, and not to any extent with the 
Executive. And still further, that this proclamation 
is intended to present the people of the States 
wherein the national authority has been suspended, 
and loyal State governments have been subverted, 
a mode in and by which the national authority and 
loyal State governments may be re-established within 
said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode 
presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with 
his present impressions, it must not be understood 
that no other possible mode would be acceptable. 
Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, 

the 8th day of December, a. d. 1863, and of 
[l. s.] the independence of the United States of 

America the eighty-eighth. 

ABEAHAM LINCOLN. 
By the President. 
Wm. H. Sewakd, Secreta/ry of State, 



370 NATIONAL HAin>-BOOK. 



PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROOLA- 
MATION. 

BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERIOA^ 

Whereas^ The President of the United States, on 
the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object 
of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all 
persons to lay down their arms, to return to their 
loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United 
States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par- 
don to certain persons who had directly or by impli- 
cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and 

Whereas^ Many persons who had so engaged in 
the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said 
proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits 
offered thereby ; and 

Whereas^ Many persons who have been justly 
deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there- 
nnder, by reason of their participation directly or by 
implication in said rebellion, and continued in hoa 
tility to the Government of the United States since 



Johnson's amnesty proclamation 3Y1 

the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply 
for and obtain amnesty and pardon : 

To the end, therefore, that the authority of the 
Government of the United States may be restored, 
and tha-t peace, and order, and freedom may be es- 
tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the 
United States, do proclaim and declare, that I 
hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in- 
directly participated in the existing rebellion, except 
as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res- 
toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, 
except in cases where legal proceedings under the 
laws of the United States, providing for the confisca- 
tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have 
been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless, 
that every such person shall take and subscribe to 
the following oath, which shall be registered, for 
permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor 
and effect following, to wit : 

I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of 
Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro- 
tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the 
United States, and will, in like manner, abide by 
and faithfully support all laws and proclamations 
which have been made during the existing rebellion 
with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So 
help me God 



372 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

The following classeB of persons are excepted 
from the benefits of this proclamation. 

1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic 
officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of 
the pretended Confederate States. 

2. All who left judicial stations under the United 
States to aid in the rebellion. 

3. All who have been military or naval officers ot 
the pretended Confederate Government above the rank 
of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy. 

4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the 
United States to aid in the rebellion. 

5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation 
of their commissions in the army and navy of the 
United States to evade their duty in resisting the 
rebellion. 

6. All who have engaged in any way in treating 
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons 
found in the United States service as officers, sol- 
diers, seamen, or in other capacities. 

7. All persons who have been or are absentees 
from the United States for the purpose of aiding the 
rebellion. 

8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser- 
vice who were educated by the Government in the 
Military Academy at West Point, or at the United 
States Kaval Academy. 



373 



9. All persons who held the pretended offices of 
Governors of the States in insurrection against the 
United States. 

10. All persons who left their homes within the 
jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and 
passed beyond the Federal military lines into the 
Bo-called Confederate States for the purpose of aiding 
the rebellion. 

11. All persons who have engaged in the de 
struction of the commerce of the United States upo» 
the high seas, and all persons who have made raidw 
into the United States from Canada, or been engaged 
in destroying the commerce of the United States on 
the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov- 
inces from the United States. 

12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to 
obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein 
prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement 
or custody, or under bond of tlie military or naval 
authorities or agents of the United States as pris- 
oners of any kind, either before or after tJieir con- 
viction. 

13. All persons who have voluntarily participated 
in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa- 
ble property is over twenty thousand dollars. 

14. All persons who have taken the oath of am- 
nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation 



3*74 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the 
United States since the date of said proclamation, 
and who liave not thenceforward kept the same 
inviolate ; provided, that special application may be 
made to the President for pardon by any person be- 
longing to the excepted chisses, and such clemency 
will be extended as may be consistent with the facts 
of the case and the peace and dignity of the United 
States. The Secretary of State will establish rules 
and regulations for administering and recording the 
said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the 
people, and guard the government against fraud. 

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my 
hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be 
affixed. 
Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th 

day of May, 1865, and of the independence of 

America the 89th. 

ANDEEW JOHNSON, 
By the President, 

Wm. H. Sewakd, Secreta/iry of State, 



▲ PEACE PBOOLAMATION. 375 



k PEACE PEOOLAMATION. 



On the 20th of August, 1866, the President 
issued a proclamation announcing the return oi 
peace and restoring the writ of habeas corpus in all 
the Southern States. Among the points made in 
this proclamation are the following : 

'* There now exists no organized armed resistance 
of the misguided citizens or others to the authority 
of the United States in the States of Georgia, South 
Carolina, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala- 
bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, 
and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein 
by the proper civil authority, State or Federal, and 
the people of the said States are well and loyally dis- 
posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their 
legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of 
the amendment to the Constitution of the United 



376 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

States prohibiting slavery within the jurisdiction of 
the United States. 

a * * * r^Y^Q people of the several before men 
tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given 
satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov 
ereign and important revolution of the national 
unity. 

" It is believed to be a fundamental principle of 
government that people who have revolted, and who 
have been overcome and subdued, must either be 
dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become 
friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili- 
tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from 
ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named 
policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom. 

" The Constitution of the United States provides 
for constitutional communities only as States, and 
not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or protec- 
torates. 

a * * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi- 
dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and 
declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed 
in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, ITorth 
Carolina, Yirginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, 
Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and 
henceforth to be so regarded." 



rEOTOST maeshall-oenbbal's KBPOBT. 377 



PEOVOST MARSEAL-GENERAL'S REPORT. 

SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NUMBEB OF KILLED, 
WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FEOM DISEASE, DUBINO THE 
REBELLION. 

Washington, D. C, Friday, April 27, 1866. 

The following is a condensed summary of the 
results of the operations of this bureau, from its or- 
ganization to the close of the war. 

1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all 
persons liable to conscription, under the law of 
March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of 
the military resources of the loyal States, in men 
was made, showing an aggregate number of 
2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually 
under arms, when hostilities ceased. 

2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand 
six hundred and twenty-one men were raised, at an 
average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of 



378 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit- 
ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of 
the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of ovei 
seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising 
troops was thus effected under this Bm'eau, notwith- 
standing the increase in the price of subsistence, 
transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years 
of the war. (Item : The number above given does 
not embrace the naval credits allowed under the 
eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits 
for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits 
for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the 
Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for 
men raised prior to that date.) 

3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty- 
six deserters were arrested and returned to the army. 
The vigilance and energy of the officers of the Bu- 
reau, in this line of the business, put an effectual 
check to the wide-spread evil of desertion, which, at 
one time, impaired so seriously the numerical 
strength and efficiency of the army. 

4. The quotas of men furnished by the various 
parts of the country were equalized, and a propor- 
tionate share of military service secured from each^ 
thus removing the very serious inequality of recruit- 
ment, which had arisen during the first two years of 
the war, and which, when the bureau was organized 



PK0V08T MABSHALL-QKNBRAL^S EEPORT. 3*79 

had become an almost insuperable obstacle to the 
further progress of raising troops. 

5. Kecords were completed showing minutely the 
physical condition of 1,014,776 of the men exarnined, 
and tables of great scientific and professional value 
have been compiled from this data. 

6. The casualties in the entii-e military force of 
the nation during the war of the rebellion, as shown 
by the official muster-rolls and monthly returns, 
liave been compiled with, in part, this result : 

KILLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS WHILE IN SERVICE. 

Commissioaed officers 5.221 

Enlisted iiieii 90,868 

DIKD KUOM DISEASE OK ACCIDENT. 

Commissioned officers 2,321 

Enlisted men 182,n29 

Total loss in service • — 280,739 

There figures liave been carefully compiled from 
tlie complete official file of muster-rolls and monthly 
returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for 
them, as errors and omissions to some extent doubt- 
l<388 prevailed in the rolls and returns. Deaths (from 
wounds or disease contracted in service) which oc- 



380 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

curred after the men left the army are not included 
in these figures. 

7. The system of recruitment estabhshed by the 
Bureau, under the laws of Congress, if permanently 
adopted, (with such improvement aa experience may 
fiuggest,) will be capable of maintaining the numer 
ical strength and improving the character of tht 
army in time of peace, or of promptly and econom- 
ically rendering available the I^ational forces to amy 
required extent in time of war. 



WHAT THE CIYIL WAR COST— 1861-6. 

The Secretary of the Treasury, in answer to a 
Senate resolution asking for a statement of the ex- 
penditures of the Government on account of the war 
of the rebellion from July 1, 1861, to June 30, 1879, 
inclusive, to-day transmitted a statement in detail : 
The total amount of expenditures 

for this term of years is . . $6,796,792,508.92 
Of this the ordinary expenses of the 

Government were . . 609.549.123.62 

The amount expended on account 

of the war of the rebellion is 

stated to be - . . . 6.187.243.385.30 

John Sheeman, 

Sec. Treasury. 

Washington, D. C, June 10, 1880. 



THE CIVIL RIGHTS VJTA. 381 



CrVIL RIGHTS BILL. 

' AB ADOPTED BY CONGRESS, MABOH, 1866, 

§ 1. That all persons in the United Statet. and 
not subject to any foreign power, exchiding Indianfi 
not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the 
United States ; and such citizens of eveiy race and 
color, without regard to any previous condition of 
Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish- 
ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been 
duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every 
State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts, 
k Bue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to 
inlierit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey 
personal property, and to full and equal benefit of 
all laws and proceedings for the security of person 
and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and 
shall be subject to the like punishment, pains and 
penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi- 



382 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

iiauce, regulation, or custom to the contrary not 
withstanding. 

§ 2. And that any person who, under color of 
any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, 
shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit- 
ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of 
any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun- 
ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such 
person having at any time been held in a condition 
of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the 
puuishment of crime whereof the party shall have 
been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or 
race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white 
persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not 
exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not 
exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the 
court. 

§ 3. That the district courts of the United States, 
within tlieir respective districts, shall have, exclu 
sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance 
of all crimes and ofiences committed against the 
provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the 
circuit courts of the United States, ol all causes civil 
and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or 
can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal 
of the State or locality where they may be, any of 



THE OTVIL BIGHTS BILL. 383 

the rights secured to them by the first section of this 
act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, 
has been, or shall be commenced in any State court 
against any such person, for any cause whatsoever, 
dvil or military, or any other person, any arrest or 
imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com- 
mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived 
from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the 
relief of freed men and refugees, and all acts amenda- 
tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the 
ground that it would be inconsistent with this act, 
such defendant shall have the right to remove such 
cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in 
the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas 
corpiis^ and regulating judicial proceedings in certain 
cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda- 
tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal 
matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit 
courts of the United States shall be exercised and 
enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United 
States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the 
same into eifect; but in all cases where such laws are 
not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro- 
visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and 
punish offences against the law, the common law, as 
modified and changed by the Constitution and 
statutes of the State wherein the court having juris- 



384 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

diction of the cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far 
as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution, 
and laws of the United States, shall be extended, 
and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition 
of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the 
infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. 

§ 4. That the district attorneys, marshals, and 
deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis- 
sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts 
jf the United States, with power of arresting, impris- 
oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the 
United States, the officers and agents of the Freed- 
men's Bureau, and every other officer who may be 
specially empowered by the President of the United 
States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially 
authorized and required, at the expense of the United 
States, to institute proceedings against all and every 
person who shall violate the provisions of this act, 
and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, 
or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of 
the United States or territorial courts as by this act 
have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to 
affording reasonable protection to all persons in their 
constitutional rights of equality before the law, with- 
out distinction of race or color, or previous condition 
of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun- 
ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been 



THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 385 

duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the 
duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit 
courts of the United States and the superior courts 
of the territories of the United States, from time to 
time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as 
to aiford a speedy and convenient means for the 
arrest and examination of persons charged with a 
violation of this act. 

§ 5. That said Commissioners shall have concur- 
rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and 
district courts of the United States, and the judges 
of the superior courts of the territories, severally and 
collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis* 
factory proof being made, to issue warrants and 
precepts for arresting and bringing before them all 
offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on 
examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit 
them for trial, as the facts may warrant. 

§ 6. And such Commissioners are hereby author 
ized and required to exercise and discharge all the 
powers and duties conferred on them by this Act, 
and the same duties with regard to offences created 
by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise 
with regard to other offences against the laws of the 
United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar- 
shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all 
warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of 



386 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

this act when to them directed, and should any mar- 
shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war- 
rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all 
proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall 
on conviction thereof be fined in the sum of one 
thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon 
whom the accused is alleged to have committed the 
offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis- 
sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi- 
ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the 
United States, and the requirements of this act, they 
are hereby authorized and empowered, within their 
counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under 
their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time 
to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro- 
cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform- 
ance of their respective duties, and the person so 
appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore- 
said shall have authority to summon and call to their 
aid the bystanders of a.j?osse comitatus of the proper 
county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of 
the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces- 
sary to the performance of the duty with which they 
are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of 
the clause of the Constitution which prohibits 
lilavery, in conformity with the provisions of this 
act ; and said warrants shall run and bo executed by 



THE OrVTL RIGHTS BILL. 387 

said officers anywhere in the State or Territorj 
within which they are issued. 

§ 7. That any person who shall knowingly and 
wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or 
other person charged with the execution of any war- 
rant or process issued under the provisions of this act, 
or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or 
them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen- 
sion such warrant or process may have been issued ; 
or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person 
from the custody of the officer, other person or per- 
sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when 
so arrested, pursuant to the authority herein given 
and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person 
so arrest«f>d as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to 
escaj>8 from the custody of the officer or other per- 
sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor 
or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process 
shall liave been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent 
his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of 
the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre- 
hension of such person, shall for either of said 
offisnces be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou- 
sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six 
months, by indictment before the district court of the 
United States for the district in which said offence 
may have been committed, or before the proper court 



388 NATIONAL nAND-B()(Jl 

of criminal jurisdiction, if committed -withm any one 
of the organized Territories of the United States. 

§ 8. That the district attorneys, the marshals, 
their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and 
territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the 
like fees as may be allowed to them for similar 
servi(^es in other cases ; and in all cases where the 
proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be 
entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services 
in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such 
arrest and examination. The person or persons 
authorized to execute the process to be issued by such 
Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the 
provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five 
dollars for each person he or they may arrest and 
take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid, 
with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by 
such Commissioner for such other additional services 
as may be necessarily performed by him or them — 
such as attending at the examination, keeping tho 
prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings 
during his detention and until the final determina- 
tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per- 
forming such other duties as may be required in the 
premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with 
the fees usually charged by the officers of the court 
of justice, within the proper district or county, ae 



THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL. 389 

near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of 
the United States, on the certificate of the district 
within which the arrest is made, and to be recover- 
able from the defendant as part of the judgment in 
case of conviction. 

§ 9. That whenever the i'resident of the United 
States shall have reason to believe that offences have 
been or are likely to be conmiitted against the pro- 
visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall 
be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the 
judge, marshal and district attorney of such district 
to attend at such place within the district and for 
such time as he may designate, for the purpose of 
the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged 
with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the 
duty of every judge or other officer, when any such 
requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the 
place and for the time therein designated. 

§ 10. That it shall be lawful for the President of 
the United States, or such persons as he may 
empower for that purpose, to employ such part of 
the land or naval forces of the United States, or of 
the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio- 
lation and enforce the due execution of this act. 

§ 11. That upon all questions of law arising in any 
cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal 
may be taken to the supreme court of the United Statea 



390 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

THE HOMESTEAD LAW. 

By act of Congress of May 20, 1862, any person 
who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the 
age of twenty-one years, or has performed service in 
the army or navy, and is a citizen of the United States, 
or shall have filed his declaration of intention to be- 
come snch, and has never borne arms against the Gov- 
ernment of the United States, or given aid and com- 
fort to its enemies shall, from and after the 1st of Jan- 
uary, 1863, be entitled to enter a quarter section (160 
acres) of unappropriated public land, upon which he 
or she may have alread}^ filed a pre-emption claim, or 
which is subject to pre-emption, at $1.25 per acre ; or 
80 acres of unappropriated lands at $2.50 per acre. In 
order to make his or her title good to such lands, how- 
ever, such person must make affidavit that such appli- 
cation is made for his or her exclusive use and benefit, 
and that said entry is made for the purpose of actual 
settlement and cultivation, and not, either directly or 
indirectly, for the use or benefit of any other person or 
persons whomsoever ; and upon filing the affidavit, and 
paying the smn of ten dollars to the register or re- 
ceiver, such person shall be allowed to enter the land 
specified, but no certificate or patent is issued for the 
land until five years from the date of such entry, and 
the land must, during that time be improved and nor 
alienated, (it can not be taken for debt). At any time 
within two years after the expiration of said five years 
the person making tlie entry, or, in case of his or her 
death, his widow or heirs, may, on proof by witnesses 
that hft or e}\o. has cultivated or improved said land, 
has not alienated any part of it, and has borne true 
allegiance to the United States, be entitled to a pat- 
ent, if at that time a citizen of the United States. 
In case of the abandonment of the lands by thepei^ 
son making the entry, for a period of more than six 
months at one time, they revert to the Uhited States. 



OF AMERICAN PROGBE88. 



391 



NATIONAL DEBTS OF THE TWENTY LEAD- 
ING NATIONALITIES IN 1875. 



Country, 

France 

Engiaud 

United States 

Italy . 

Spain . 

Austria 

Russia 

Germany 

Turkey 

India . 

Brazil . 

Holland 

Egypt . 

Portugal 

Mexico 

Austral 

Peru . 

Belgium 

Hungary 

Canada 



isia 



Debt. 


Interest. 


Rat 


$4,500,000,000 


1165,000,000 


31 


3,900,000,000 


133,500,000 


2i 


2,125,000,000 


103,000,000 


41 


1,950,000,000 


76,750,000 


4 


1,875,000,000 


55,000,000 


3 


1,750,000,000 


75,000,000 


4i 


1,700,000,000 


67,250,000 


4 


1,000,000,000 


45,000,000 


4i 


675,000,000 


47,500,000 


7 


650,000,000 


29,500,000 


4i 


410,000,000 


15,500,000 


4 


400,000,000 


11,250,000 


2J 


375,000,000 


37,500,000 


10 


845,000,000 


10,750,000 


3 


317,500,000 


20,000,000 


6 


230,000,000 


13,500,000 


6 


185,000,000 


13,000,000 


7 


180,000,000 


8,750,000 


5 


160,000,000 


7,500,000 


5 


150,000,000 


7,500,000 


6 



Total, 



$22,950,000,000 $942,750,000 



39^ 



l^ATIOKAL HAKD-BOOK 



STATISTICS OF EMIGRANTS ARRIVING IN THE 
UNITED STATES SINCE 1820. 



1820 8,885 

1821 9,130 

1822 6,911 

1823 6,354 

1824 7,912 

1825 10,199 

1826 10,837 

1827 18,875 

1828 27,382 

1829 . 22,520 

1830 23,322 

1831 22,633 

1832 60,482 

1833 58,640 

1834 65,365 

1835 45,374 

1836 76,242 

1837 79,340 

1838 38,914 

1839 68,072 

1840 84,006 

1841 80,289 

1812 104,565 

1843 78,615 

1844 52,496 

1845 114,371 

1846 154,416 

1847 234,968 

1848 226,527 

1849 297,041 

1850 369,963 

1851 379,466 

1^52 371,603 

1853 368,645 

1854 427,833 

1855 200,877 

1856 200,436 



1857 251,306 

1858 123,126 

1859 121,282 

1860 153,640 

1861 91,920 

1862 91,987 

1863 176,282 

1864 193,418 

1865 248,120 

1866 318,554 

1867 298,358 

1868 297,215 

1869 385,287 

1870 284,422 

1871 .321,350 

1872 404,806 

1873 459,803 

1874 313,339 

1875 227,498 

1876 169,980 

1877 141,857 

1878 138,469 

1879 177,826 

1880 457,257 

1881 669,431 

18S2 788,992 

1883 603,322 

1884 518,592 

1885 395,346 

1886 334,203 

1887 490,109 

1888 

1889 

1890 

Total 13,938,766 



OF AMERICA]Sr PROGRESS. 393 



UifiTED States Patei^^t Office. 
Comparative Statement from 1837 to 1887. 

Applica- Patents Cash Cash 

Year. tions. issued. received. expended. 

1837 435 $^9,289 08 $33,506 98 

ia38 520 42,123 54 37,412 10 

1839 425 37,260 00 34,543 51 

1840 735 473 38,056 51 39,020 67 

1841 847 495 40,413 01 52,666 87 

1842 761 517 36,505 68 31,24148 

1843 819 531 35,315 81 30,776 96 

1844 1,045 502 42,509 26 36 244 73 

1845 1,246 502 51,076 14 39,395 65 

1846 1,272 619 50,264 16 46,158 71 

1817 1,.531 572 65,11119 41,878 35 

1848 1 ,6J8 G60 67,576 69 58,905 84 

1849 1,9.^5 1,070 80,752 98 77,716 44 

1850 2,193 995 86,927 05 80,100 95 

1851 2,258 865 95,738 61 86,916 93 

1852 2,639 1,020 112,656 34 95,916 91 

1 853 2,673 958 121 ,527 45 132,809 83 

1854 3,324 1,902 163,789 84 167,146 32 

1855 4,435 2,024 216,459 35 179,540 33 

1856 4,960 2,502 192,-588 02 199,93102 

1857 4,771 2,910 196,13i 01 211,582 09 

1858 5,304 3,710 203,716 16 193,193 74 

1859 6,225 4,538 245,942 15 210,278 41 

I860 7,653 4,81 9 256,352 59 252,820 80 

1861 4,613 3,340 137,354 44 221,49191 

I8f)2 5,038 3,521 215,754 99 182,810 39 

1863 6,014 4,170 195,593 29 189,414 14 

1864 6,932 5,020 240,919 98 229,868 00 

1865 10,664 6,616 348,79184 274,199 34 

1866 15,269 9,450 49.5,665 38 361,724 28 

1867 21,276 13,015 646,58192 639,263 32 

1868 20,420 13,378 68 1,. 565 86 628,679 77 

1H69 19,271 13,986 693,145 81 486,430 78 

1870 19,17' 13,.321 669,456 76 557,149 19 

1871 19,472 13.033 678,716 46 560,595 08 

1872 18,246 13,590 699,726 39 605,59136 

1873 20,414 12,864 703,19177 691,17898 

1874 21,602 13,,599 738,278 17 679,288 41 

1875 21,6^8 16,288 743,453 36 721,6ri7 71 

1876 21.425 17,026 757,987 65 652,542 60 

1877 20,308 13,619 732,342 85 613,1.52 60 

1878 20,260 12,935 725,375 55 593,082 89 

1879 20,059 12,725 703,93147 529,638 97 

1880 23,012 13,947 749,685 32 538,865 17 

1881 2t).0d9 16,584 8=>3,665 89 605,173 28 

1882 31,522 19,267 1,009,219 45 683,867 67 

1883 35,-577 22,383 1,146,240 00 675,234 86 

1884 3.5,600 20,413 1,075,798 80 970,579 76 

1885 35,717 24,233 1,188,089 15 1,024,578 85 

.1886 35,968 22,508 1,154,55140 1,492,505 45 



394 NATIONAL HANDBOOK 

Table. — Showipg the number of Patents issued for each of the 

following mechanical devices since the organization of the 
U. S. Patent Office :— 

Bee-hives 645 

Bending-machines for wood and metal 144 

Boots and shoes, manufacture of, and articles used 

therein 817 

Brick-kilns and brick-machines 808 

Bridges 425 

Brooms and brushes, and their attachments 750 

Buckles 388 

Burglars-alarms 165 

Burners, gas, lamp, and vapor 793 

Cane-mills 66 

Corn-planters 647 

Corn-shellers ... 378 

Cotton-planters 173 

Cultivators 1,617 

Car-brakes 485 

Car-coupling 961 

Car-wheels 314 

Carriages and their appendages 1,495 

Churns and their appendages 1,391 

Clothes driers and wringers v 984 

Curtain fixtures 364 

Fire-arms 1,203 

Fanning-mills 127 

(Jrain-cradles 18 

Grain-drills 186 

Gas and gas api>aratus 1,399 

Grain, cutting, binding, and drying 135 

Grinding and grist mills 371 

Hand-rakes , . 9 

Harrows 329 

Harvesters 2,244 

Hay-forks 382 

Hoes 201 

Horse-powers 415 

Horse-rakes 373 

Lawn-mowers 38 

Lamps and appurtenances 1,483 

Looms and appurtenances 1,210 

Mowers 173 

Plows 2,451 

Paper, manufacture of 269 



OP AMERICAN PROGRESS. 395 

Pavements 404 

Photography. 346 

Planing-machines, wood and metal 384 

Propellers, and apparatus for 57q 

Printing-presses, apparatus and material 756 

Railways, apparatus and connections 1,552 

Rotary engines 170 

Reapers 69 

Reapers and mowers combined 61 

Rollers and scrapers I41 

Seed-sowers 579 

Scythes 50 

Scythe-snaths 26 

Separators 334 

Shovels 55 

Sickles 13 

Stump-pullers 191 

Thrashers 730 

Saw-mills and machines 1,981 

Sewing-machines and their attachments 2,295 

Steam-engines and apparatus 1,013 

Stoves 2',400 

Straw-cutters and machines 401 

Sugar-mills and machinery 343 

Telegraph and instruments 560 

Toys 300 

Tobacco-presses and manufactures •. I97 

Valves 1,497 



Total number of patents issued since 1836. 171,040 

Total number of reiSvSues 6,830 

Total number of designs 8,883 

Total number of trade-marks 3,287 

Total number of labels 464 

From the Report of the U, S. Commissioner of Patents, 



1 



396 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



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OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 397 



THE VOTES FOR THE PRESIDENTS. 

Popular Electoral 

Fear. Candidates. Vote. Vote. 

1789— George Washington XTnanimoug 

179G— John Adams ._ 71 

Thomas Joff erson 69 

1800— Thomas Jefferson Dem 73 

Aaron Burr Dem 73 

John Adams Fed 65 

1804— Thomas Jefferson Dem 148 

C. C. Pinckney Fed 28 

1808— James Madison Dem 122 

C C. Pinckuev Fed 47 

1812 -James Madison Dem 128 

DeWitt (Jlinton ,Dem 89 

1816— James ^Monroe Dem 183 

i:uf us King Fed 34 

1820— James Monroe Dem 227 

Jolm Adams Fed 1 

1821— John Q. Adams Fed. 105,321 84 

Andrew Jackson Dem. 155,872 99 

W. H. Crawford Dem. 44,282 41 

Henry Clay Whig. 40,587 37 

1828— Andrew Jackson Dem. 647,231 178 

John Q.Adams Fed. 509,097 83 

1832— Andrew Jackson Dem. 687,502 219 

HenryClay Whig. 530,189 49 

John Floyd Ind 11 

William Wirt Anti M 7 

1830— INFartin A^an Buren Dem. 761,519 170 

Wm. H. Harrison A\Tiig 736,656 121 

1840— Wm. H. Harrison Whig 1,275,011 234 

Martin Van Buren Dem. 1,135,701 60 

1844— James K. Polk Dem- 1,337,243 170 

Heniy Clay Whig. 1,361,362 105 

1848— Zacharv Taylor Whig. 1 ,360,099 163 

Lewis Cass Dem. 1,220,544 127 

Martin Van Buren FreeSoil. 291,263 — 

1852— Franklin Pierce... Dem. 1,601,474 254 

Winfield Scott Whig 1,542,403 42 

John P. Hale Abolitionist 157.296 — 

1850— James Buchanan Dem. 1,838,169 174 

John C. Fremont. . . Hep. 2,215,798 122 

Millard Fillmore Am. 874,707 8 

186C -Abraham Lincoln Rep. 1,806,352 180 

J. C. Breckenridge Dem. 2,810,501 123 

S. A. Douglas Dem. 1,365,978 12 

John Bell Union. 590,631 39 

1864— Abraham Lincoln Rep. 2,216,067 213 

George B. McClellan Dem. 1,808.725 21 

1868— Ulysses S. Grant Rep. 3,01.5,071 214 

Horatio Seymour Dem. 2,709,613 80 

1872— Ulysses S. Grant Rep. 3,597,070 300 

Horace Greeley Lib. 2,834,079 66 

1876- -Ruthaford B. Hayes Rep. 4,0^3,295 . . 185 

SamuelJ. Tilden Dem. 4,284,265 184 

Peter Cooper Greenback 

G. C. Smith Prohibition 

1880— Jas. A. Garfield Rep. 

Winfield S. Hancock Dem. 

Jas. B. Weaver G'b'k. 

Neal Dow Pro. 

1884— Grover Cleveland Dem. 

Jame.i G. Blaine Rep. 

John P. St. John Pro. 

Benj. F. Butler G'b'k. 



81,737 





9,522.... 




4,450,921 .... 


214 


4.447.888 


155 


307,740 





10,305. 




4,911,017 


219 


4,848,334 


182 


151,809 


. — 


133,825 


— 



398 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



• < •► ■ 

riils maybe oarried to au indefinite period in tlie past or future, by extending 
the table of years and repeating the same letter every 28 years. 



1776] 200 YEARS. [1976 



1776 

" 77 
•' 7ft 
" 79 
•' ftO 
•• 81 
" 82 
" 83 
'• 84 
" 85 
" 86 
'* 87 
' 88 
•• 89 
" 90 
" 9 
" 92 
*' 93 
" 94 
" 95 
" 96 
" 97 
" 98 
" 99 
1S4»0 
"Ol 
*'02 
"03 



1804 


1832 


I860 


1888 


1916 


1944 


• 05 


• 33 


"61 


" 89 


• 17 


•' 45 


" 06 


' 31 


" 62 


" 90 


" IS 


" 46 


'•07 


' 35 


63 


' 91 


" 19 


" 47 


" 08 


" 36 


"64 


" 92 


" 20 


" 4S 


*' 09 


" 37 


"65 


" 93 


"21 


" 49 


" lO 


" 38 


' 66 


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" 22 


^ 50 


' 11 


" 39 


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" 23 


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" 68 


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" 24 


" 52 


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" 14 


" 42 


•70 


" 9S 


' 26 


" 54 


" 15 


'43 


"71 


•' 99 


" 27 


" 55 


" 16 


" 44 


"72 


1900 


" 28 




" 17 


" 45 


" 73 


' OS 


' 29 


" ^1 


" IS 


" 46 


"7 1 


' 02 


•' 30 




'* 19 


'47 


" 75 


" o:{ 


' 31 


69 


"20 


'• '18 


" 76 


" Ol 


32 


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" 21 


"49 


" 77 


" 05 


" 33 


".61 


" 22 


" 50 


" 78 


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" 34 


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" 51 


" 79 


" 07 


" 35 


' 63 


'• 24 


" 52 


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" 08 


' 36 


" 61 


" 25 


• 53 


" 8S 


" 09 


" 37 


" <»5 


" ?6 


" 54 


" 82 


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" 27 


" 55 


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1972 
" 73 
" 74 
" 75 
" 76 






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F 



IB 

un 

K 



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AD 

It 



UU 



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E 



The letter at right angle with a given year and month, 
Bhows which calendar to he used. Example: On what 
day of the week will March 4, 1877, come— Inauguration 
day? E is the letter at right angle wilh the year and 
month, and in the calendar marked E, the 4th day comes 
on Sunday. 

NOTK.— All dates prior to March let, 1800. carry for- 
ward one day of the week and back one day after Febrn- 
ary '^8th, 1900. This is accounted for by the added day 
in cpery fourth, or leap year, being 11 minutes, 10 seconds 
and three tenths of a second too much, hence the cor- 
rect time falls behind, an overplus of 18 h. 37 m. and 10 
sec. m a ctMitury ; it was agreed that every centejinial 
year that could not be divided by 400 (1700, IsOO, 1900, 
2100, etc.) should not be what is termed a leap year, as it 
otherwise would be : thus dropping the extra day three 
times every 400 years. 

On what day of the week was tlie Declaration of Inde- 
pendence signed ? A is at right angles with the year and 
month, and the 4tb day of the A calendar comes on 
Wednesday, and the rule requiring one day of the week 
to be added to all dates prior to 1800, makes it 'J'hursday. 
The 2nd Centennial Aimiversary (drop one day of the 
week after 1900) comes on Sunday, July 4th, 1976. 

The 12 letters above the line, show the calendars to bo 
Qsed for 1876 and 1877 below. 

[CopyriKht 1875. by E. B. TREAT, 8a5 Bromlway. Nt-w York.l 





s 


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NATIONAL ITAND-BOOK 



899 




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400 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 

BY A DIBTINQUISHED HISTORIAN. 

Men, in the aggregate, demand something besides 
abstract ideas and principles. Hence the desire fo\ 
symbols — something visible to the eye and that ap- 
peals to the senses. Every nation has a flag that 
represents the country — every army a common ban- 
ner, which, to the soldier, stands for that army. It 
speaks to him in the din of battle, cheers him in the 
long and tedious march, and pleads with him on the 
disastrous retreat. 

Standards were originally carried on a pole or 
lance. It matters little what they may be, for the 
symbol is the same. 

In ancient times the Hebrew tribes had each its 
own etandard — that of Ephraim, for instance, was a 
steer; of Benjamin, a wolf. Among the Greeks, the 
Athenians had an owl, and the Thebans a sphynx. 
The standard of Romulus was a bundle of hay tied to 
A pole, afterwards a human hand, and finally an eagle, 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 401 

Eagles were at first made of wood, then of silver, with 
thunderbolts of gold. Under Caesar they were all 
gold, without thunderbolts, and were carried on a 
long pike. The Germans formerly fastened a 
streamer to a lance, which the duke carried in front 
of the army. Russia and Austria adopted the double 
headed eagle. The ancient national flag of England, 
all know, was the banner of St. George, a white field 
with a red cross. This was at first used in the Col- 
onies, but several changes were afterwards made. 

Of course, when they separated from the mother 
country, it was necessary to have a distinct flag of 
their own, and the Continental Congress appointed 
Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lynch, and Mr. Harrison, a com- 
mittee to take the subject into consideration. They 
repaired to the American army, a little over 9,000 
strong, then assembled at Cambridge, and after due 
consideration, adopted one composed of seven white 
and seven red stripes, with the red and white crosses 
of St. George and St. Andrew, conjoined on a blue 
field in the corner, and named it " The Great Union 
Flag." The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew 
were retained to show the willingness of the colonies 
to return to their allegiance to the British crown, if 
their rights were secured. This flag was first hoisted 
on the first day of January, 1776. In the meantime, 
the various colonies had adopted distinctive badges, 



402 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

BO that the different bodies of troops, that flocked to 
the army, had each its own banner. In Connecticut, 
each regiment had its own peculiar standard, on 
which were represented the arms of the colony, with 
the motto, " Qui transtulit sustinet " — (he who trans- 
planted us will sustain us.) The one that Putnam 
gave to the breeze on Prospect Hill on the 18th of 
July, 1775, was a red flag, with this motto on one 
side, and on the other, the words inscribed, " An 
appeal to Heaven." That of the floating batteries 
was a white ground with the same "Appeal to 
Heaven " upon it. It is supposed that at Bunker Hill 
our troops carried a red flag, with a pine tree on a 
white field in the corner. The first fiag in South Car- 
olina was blue, with a crescent in the corner, and 
received its first baptism under Moultrie. In 1776, 
Col. Gadsen presented to Congress a flag to be used 
by the navy, which consisted of a rattle-snake on a 
yellow ground, with thirteen rattles, and coiled to 
strike. The motto was, " Don't tread on me." " The 
Great Union Flag," as described above, without the 
crosses, and sometimes with the rattle-snake and 
motto, " Don't tread on me," was used as a naval 
flag, and called the " Continental Flag." 

As the war progressed, different regiments and 
eorps adopted peculiar flags, by which they were 
designated. The troops which Patrick Henry raised 



HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 403 

and called the " Culpepper Minute Men," had a 
banner with a rattle-snake on it, and the mottoes, 
" Don't tread on me," and " Liberty or death," to 
gether with their name. Morgan's celebrated rifle- 
men, called the " Morgan Rifles," not only had a 
peculiar uniform, but a flag of their own, on which 
was inscribed, "XL Yirginia Regiment," and the 
words, " Morgan's Rifle Corps." On it was also the 
date, 1Y76, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. 
Wherever this banner floated, the soldiers knew that 
deadly work was being done. 

When the gallant Pulaski was raising a body of 
cavalry, in Baltimore, the nuns of Bethlehem sent 
him a banner of crimson silk, with emblems on it, 
wrought by their own hands. That of Washington's 
Life Guard was made of white silk, with various 
devices upon it, and the motto, " Conquer or die." 

It doubtless always will be customary in this 
country, during a war, for difierent regiments to have 
flags presented to them with various devices upon 
them. It was so during the recent war, but as the 
stars and stripes supplant them all, so in our revolu- 
tionary struggle, the ^" Great Union Flag," which 
was raised in Cambridge, took the place of all others 
and became the flag of the American army. 

But in 1777, Congress, on the 19th day of June, 
passed the following resolution : " Resolved^ That 



404 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen 
stripes, alternate red and white, that the union be 
thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a 
new constellation." A constellation, however, could 
not well be represented on a flag, and so it was 
changed into a circle of stars, to represent harmony 
and union. Red is supposed to represent courage, 
white, integrity of purpose, and blue, steadfastness, 
love, and faith. This flag, however, was not used 
till the following autumn, and waved first over the 
memorable battle field of Saratoga. 

Thus our flag was born, which to-day is known, 
respected, and feared round the entire globe. In 
1T94 it received a slight modification, evidently 
growing out of the intention at that time of Congress 
to add a new stripe with every additional State that 
came into the Union, for it passed that year the fol- 
lowing resolution : ^^ResoVced^ That from and after 
the 1st day of May, Anno Domini 1795, the flag of 
the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and 
white. That the union be fifteen stars, white, m a 
blue field." In 1818, it was by another resolution 
of Congress, changed back into thirteen stripes, with 
twenty-one stars, in which it was provided that a 
new star should be added to the union on the admis- 
sion of each new State. That resolution has never 
been rescinded, till now thirty-six stars blaze on our 



HIBTOET OF THE FLAO. 405 

banner. The symbol of our nationality, the record 
of our glory, it has become dear to the heart of the 
people. On the sea and on the land its history has 
been one to swell the heart with pride. The most 
beautiful flag in the world in its appearance, it is 
stained by no disgrace, for it has triumphed in every 
struggle. Through three wars it bore us on to vic- 
tory, and in this last terrible struggle against treason, 
though baptized in the blood of its own children, not 
a star has been effaced, and it still waves over a 
united nation. 

Whenever the " Star-Spangled Banner " is sung, 
the spontaneous outburst of the vast masses, as the 
chorus is reached, shows what a hold that flag has on 
the popular heart. It not only represents our nation- 
ality, bat it is the peojple's flag. It led them on to 
freedom — it does something more than appeal to 
their pride as a symbol of national greatness — it 
appeals tQ their affections as a friend of their dearest 
rights. We cannot better close this short history of 
our flag than by appending the following stirring 
poem of Drake : 

When freedom from her mountain height 

Unfurled her standard to the air, 
She tore the azure robes of night, 

And set the stan of glory there! 



406 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

She mingled with its gorgeous dyes 
The milky baldric of the skies, 
And striped its pure celestial white 
With streakings of the morning light; 
Tlien, from his mansion in the sun, 
She called her eagle-bearer down, 
And gave into his mighty hand 
fhe symbol of her chosen land! 

Majestic monarch of the cloud 

Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, 
To hear the tempest trumping loud 
And see the lightning lances driven, 

When strive the warriors of the storafe: 
And rolls the thunder drum of heaven, 
Child of the sun! to thee 'tis given 

To guard the banner of the free ; 
To hover in the sulphur smoke, 
To ward away the battle stroke ; 
And bid its bleudings shine afar. 
Like rainbows on the cloud of war — 

The harbinger of victoryl 

Flag of the brave 1 thy folds shall fly, 
The sign of hope and triumph high. 
When speaks the signal trumpet tone, 
And the long line comes gleaming on, 
(Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet, 
Hath dimmed the glittering bayonet,) 
Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn 
To where thy sky-bom glories burn, 



HISTOBr OF THE FLAG. 40Sr 

And, as his springing steps adyance, 

Catch war and vengeance from the glance -* 

And when the cannon's mouthings loud 

Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud, 

And gory sabres rise and fall, 

Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall; 

Then shall thy meteor glances glow. 

And cowering foes shall shrink beneaUi 
Each gallant arm that strikes below 

That lovely messenger of death. 

Flag of the seas I on ocean wave 
Thy stars shall glitter o'er the brave, 
When death, careering on the gale, 
Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail. 
And frightened waves rush wildly back, 
Before the broadside's reelmg rack, 
Each dying wanderer of the sea. 
Shall look at once to heaven and thee, 
And smile to see thy splendor fly, 
In triumph o'er his closing eye. 

Flag of the free, heart's hope and home I 

By angel hands to valor given ; 
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome. 

And all thy hues were born in heaven I 
Forever float that standard sheet I 

Where breathes the foe but falls before Uif 
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet. 
And Freedom's banner streaming o'er nsf 



408 THJt NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



IMPOETANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION 

For a Chronology of Battles^ see page 280. 



1859. 

Oct. 16. John Brown and fifteen white men and five negtoct 
seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and kill four of the in- 
habitants. 

Oct. 17. The militia and Federal troops besiege Brown and 
his men in the armory. 

Oct. 18. The armory captured by Colonel R. B. L«M) (now 
Q-eneral). Twelve of Brown's men killed. Biown and 
four men taken prisoners. 

Nov. 30. South Garohna Legislature offer resoluUona, that 
she is ready to enter with other States into the formation 
of a Southern Confederacy. 

Dec. 2. John Brown and two negroes hung at Charlestown, 
Va. 
1S60. 

April 23. The Democratic National Convention assemble at 
Charleston, S. C, and adjourn to meet at Baltimore, June 
18. The Southern Delegates secede, and meet at same 
time and place. 



IMPOKTAirr EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 409 

Mdy 9. The Constitutional Union Convention meet at Balti- 
more, and nominate John Bell for President, and Edward 
Everett for Vice-Presideut 
May 18. The Republican Convention at Chicago nominate 
Abraham Lincoln for President, and Hannibal HamUn for 
Vice-President. 
June 23. The National Democratic Convention at Baltimore 
nominate Douglas and Fitzpatrick. The Secedera nom- 
inate Breckinridge and Lane. 
Dec, 5. The U. S. Treasury suspends specie payment 
" 20. South Carohna " Ordinance of Secession " passed, 
1S61. 
Jan. 9. Mississippi " " " 

" 11. Alabama " " «» 

" 11. Florida « « « 

" 19. Georgia " " « 

" 26. Louisiana " " " 

" 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, withdraws from the 

U. S. Senate. 
" 29. Secretary Dix's despatch to New Orleans, " If any one 
attempts to haul down the American flapr, shoot him on 
the spot." 
Feb. 1. Texas Ordinance of Secession passed. 
" 9. Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected President 
and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy by the 
Convention at Montgomery, Ala. 
April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumter — the first gun fired 
of the Rebellion — ^^ nobody hurV* 
" 15. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 three months' 

volunteers. 
" 16. The Confederate Government calls for 32,000 men. 



410 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

April 16. Virginia " Ordinance of Secession " passed in secret 
session. 
" 16. N. Y. Legislature appropriates $3,000,000 for war 

purposes. 
* 17, Jefferson Davis grants letters of marque. 
" 19. Sixth Massachusetts Regiment mobbed in Balti- 
more while en route to Washington. 
" 19. President Lincoln orders the blockade of Southern 

ports. 
" 26. Grovernor Brown, of Greorgia, by proclamation, pro- 
hibits the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till 
the end of hostilities. 
May 6. Arkansas " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 
" 21. North Carolina " " " 

" 24. Colonel Ellsworth shot at Alexandria, Va. 
" 30. Secretary Cameron declares slaves contraband of war. 
June 3. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. His dying mes- 
sage to his son was, " Tell them to obey the laws, and 
support the Constitution of the U. S." 
" 8. The Sanitary Commission authorized and appointed by 

the Grovernment. 
" 24. Tennessee secedes by a vote of 104,913 for, and 
32,134 against. 
July 8. $5,000,000 loaned the Grovernment in five hours by 
N. Y. merchants. 
" 10. President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers. 
Aug. 14. All Union men notified by Jefferson Davis to leave 
the Confederate States in forty days. 
*' 16. The President issues a proclamation confiscating rebel 
property. 
Nov. 8. Captain Wilkes, of the U. S. steamer San Jacinto. 



IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. ^11 

captures Mason and Slidell, rebel emissaries, on board 
the English steamer Trent. 
,!SIov. 19. The First "Stone Fleet" sailed for the South from 
Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
- 20. Kentucky, in State Convention, adopts an Ordinance 
of Secession. 
Dec 4 John C. Breckinridge expeUed from the U. S. Senate. 
" 20. The main channel of Charleston Harbor obstructed by 

sinking sixteen vessels of the " Stone Fleet." 
- 2G. The Cabinet Council at Washington decide to ^ive 

up Mason and Slidell. 
" 28. New York banks suspend specie payments. 

l§62. 

Fob 1. The President authorized by Act ot Congress to take 

possession of all the railway and telegraphic lines when 

required for military purposes. 

u U. Commodore Foote receives his death-wound in an en- 

crao-ement at Fort Donelson. 

Mardi 8. The fust Iron-Clad Naval Engagement between the 

Monitor and Merrimac. 
Au- 9. Recruiting brisk, and drafting in several States- 
" travelling restricted by order of Government to prevent 
fugitives escaping. 
Sept. 22. The President issues his Emancipation Prodamatlon 
to take effect January 1, 18G3. 
- 24. The President suspends the writ of Habeas Corpus. 

Feb. 16.*The Senate pass the Conscription Bill, and on the 25th 

the House pass the same. 
July 13. Great Draft Riot in New York-continues four days. 

The Colored Orphan Asylum and a number of buildings 



412 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

burned. Twenty-five of the militia and police killed oi 
wounded, and 150 of the rioters. 
1864. 

June 5. Fremont and Cochrane nominated for President and 
Vice-President, but subsequently resign. 
'* 8. The Baltimore Convention nominate Lincoln and 

Johnson for President and Vice-President. 
" 19. The Pirate Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge off the 
coast of France. 
N'ov. 8. Lincoln and Johnson elected President and Vice- 
President. 
" 25. Hotels in New York burned by Southern incen- 
diaries. 
1865. 
Jan. 31. General R. E. Lee appointed Commander-in-Chief of 

Rebel forces by Jefferson Davis. 
Feb. 4. Failure of the Peace Negotiations with Rebel Commis- 
sioners. Grold in Richmond 4,400, 
March 11. The President orders the disfranchisement of non- 
reporting deserters. 
A-pril 3. Evacuation of Richmond. Jefferson Davis at Dan- 
ville, Va., a fugitive. 
"' 4. President Lincoln holds a levee in Jefferson Davis' 

house. 
" 7. G-rant urges Lee to surrender, to save further effusion 

of blood. 
" 9. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia to 

General Grant. 
" 10. Great rejoicing all over the country. 
" 13. Grant advises the draft to be stopped and recruiting 
to cease. 



IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 413 

A-pril 14. President Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre, Washing 
ton, by J. Wilkes Booth. 
*' 15. President Lincoln dies at 7.20 a.m. Andrew John 

son becomes the seventeenth President. 
' 21. General Kirby Smith by proclamation asserts his 
ability to continue the Rebellion. 

* 2G. General J. E. Johnson surrenders with 27,500 men. 
May 9. President Johnson issues a Peace Proclamation declai 

ing the war at an end. 

• 10. Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinville, Ga. 

' 13. $30,000,000 Seven- Thirty Loan subscribed this day, 



414 



THE NATIONAL. HAND-BOOK. 



OHRONOLOaiOAL TABLE 



Dats 



1861. 

April 12 
" 19 

June 3 

" 16 

" 18 
" 20 



July 2 

" 4 

♦' 5 

" 6 



•' 10 

" 10 

" 12 

»• 12 

" 13 

•• 17 

" 18 

" 18 

•♦ 21 

" 22 

Aug. 2 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Bombardment of Ft. Sumter. 
Riot, Baltimore 



Philippi, Va. 



Seneca Mills, Md . . 

Boonesville, Mo 

Near Warsaw, Mo . . 
Big Bethel 



Shorter's Hill, Va 

Martiiisburg 

Harper's Ferry 

Carthage, Mo 

Middle Fork Bridge, Va. 

Burlington, W. Va 

Monroe Station, Mo 

Laurel Hill, Va 



Rich Mountain, Va. 



Barbourville, Va. 
Carrick Ford, Va. 
Scary town, Va. , 



Kansas City, Mo 

Blackburn's Ford, Va 

Bull Run •!S^J'^^f^'"^'«''«P 
( federal report. . . 

Forsyth, Mo 

Dug Spring, Mo 

Point of Rocks, Md 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Maj. Anderson. 



Gen. Beauregard 



Cols. Kelly and 

Landers 

Maj. Everett.. . 
Gen. Lyon . . . . 

Capt. Cook 

Brig.-Gen. Price. 



Gen. Patterson. . 

9th N. Y 

Col. Sigel 

45 of the 3d Ohio 



Col. Smith 

Cols. McCook & 

Andrews 

Gen. McClellan. 



Col. Woodrufif. , 
Gen. McClellan, 



Van Horn, 

Tyler, 



Maj. 
Gen 

Gen. Irwin 

McDowell 

Gen. Sweeny. 

Gen. Lyon . . . 



Confed. 



Col. Porterfield 



Capt. 

Gen. Price .... 
Gov. Jackson... 
Maj.-Gn. Magru- 
der 



Gen. Johnson.. . 
Price & Jackson. 



Gen. Harris. . , 

Col. Pegram . . . 
Col. Pegram . . . 



Gen. Garnett. 



Gen. Beauregard 



Gen. Price, 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



415 



Of THE WAE. 



Killed, Wounded, and P-lsoners. 


Remarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 




5 w 


Reported, " Nobody hurt." 
First blood shed of the four yearj» 
Eebehion. 


3 k. 7 w 


7 k. 8 w 


2 k. 2 w. 2 m. ... 


16 k., 26 m 

3 k 


2 k. 8 w 

25 k. 52 w. 28 p.. 

16 k. 34 w. 6 m... 
1 k. 1 w 


35 k. and w., 30 p. 
45 k. and w 

k.,w..& m.uncer. . 
2 k. 




3 k. 10 w 

2 k. 3 w 


30 k. and w., 20 p. 




13 k. 31 w 

1 k. 3 w 


250k. and w..,.. 

7 k. and w 

20 k. 40 w 

30 k. and w., 70 p. 


Successfui retreat of SigeL 


2 k 6 w 


Confederates defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 


1 k. 3 w 


Confederates defeated. 


11 k. 35 w....... 

1 k 


140 k. 160 w. 150 p. 
12k 


Capture of 200 tents, 60 wagons, 

and 6 cannon. 
Confederates defeated. 


13 k. 40 w 

9 k. 38 w. 9 m 


150 k. & w., 800 p. 


Gen. Garnett killed. 

Three Federal colonels and two 


Ik 


20 k. and w 

68 k. and w 

1852 k and w 

5 k.lO w. !].... 

40 k. 80 w 

3 k. 2 w. 7 p 


captains captured. 
Confederates defeated. 


83 k. and w 

4500 k., w., and p. 
481k..l011w.700p. 
2 w 


Federal loss 28 pieces artillen 
5,000 small arms. 


9 k. 30 w 

None 









416 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1861. 

Aug. 6 



10 



" 26 
" 29 
Stpt. 1 
" 1 
" 10 
" 12 
•' 13 
12-14 
u 14 

" 17 



Oct. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Athens, Mo. 



Wilson s Creek, Mo. 



Near Grafton, Va. 
Chaileston, Mo. . , 



Cross Lanes, W. Va. . . , 

Lexington, Mo 

Bennett's Mills, Mo 

Boone Court House, Va. 

Carnifex Ferry, Va 

Black River Mo 

Booneville, Mo 

Cheat Mountain, W. Va. 

Kansas City, Mo 

Mariatown, Mo 



Mo. 



Blue Mills Landing, 

Lexington, Mo 

Papinsville, Mo 

Mechanicsville Gap, Va 

Chapraansville, W. Va 

Osceola, Mo 

Lucas Bend, Ky 

Greenbrier, W. Va 

Hillsboro, Ky 

Santa Rosa Island, Fla 

Cameron, Ray Co., Mo 

18 miles N.E. of Lebanon, Mo 

Beckwith's Farm, Mo 

Big River Bridge, Mo 

Tronton, Mo 

Big Hurricane Creek, Mo. . . . 

Edwards' Ferry, Va 

Fredericktown, Mo 



Ball's Bluff 

BuffaiO Mills, Mo. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Col. Moore. 



Qen. Lyon. 



Capt. Dayton. 

Col. Dougherty 
and Lieut.-Col 
Ransom 

Col. Tyler 



Gen. Ro.-JHcranz 
Maj. Gavitt. , . 
Capt. Eppstein. 
Gn. J. J. Reynolds 



Lieut. Col. Scott, 
Col Mulligan. . . 
Gen. Lane 



Col. Pratt 

Col. Montgomery 



Gn.J.J.Reynolds 
Lieut. Sadler. . . 
Col. W. Wilson. 

Maj. James 

Maj. Wright. . . . 



Lieut. Tufts. 



Maj. Gavitt. . . . 

Col. Morgan 

Col. E. D. Baker 



Col. Baker. 



Confed. 



Gens. Price and 
McCuUoch . . . 



Col. Hunter. . . . 
Col. Reed 



Floyd 

Ben. Talbott... . 
Col. Brown. . . . , 
Gon. R. E. Lee 



GnD.R. Atchison 
Gen. Price 



Col. J. W. Davis 



Gn. H.A.Jackson 
Capt. IloUiday.. 
Gen. Ander«^?r, . 



Capts. Lowel Si 
Wright 



GnJff. Thompson 
Gen. Thompson . 



Gen. Evans. . . . 
Jeff. Thompson & 
Col. Lowe. . . . 
Gen. Evans .... 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



4 

41V 





Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




10 k and w 

223 k. 721 w.292m 
None 


23 k. 50 w 

421k. 1317 w. 3 ra. 
21 k audw 

20 k. and w., 17 p. 


5 wagon-loads of supplies and 40 
horses were captured from the 
Confederates. 

Gen. Lyon killed. 
Confederates routsd. 


Ik 6w 




15 k 40 w 30 p 


Confederate loss not known. 


5 or 6 w 

3 k. 6 w 


8 k. several w 


Confederate loss not known. 


6 w 


30 k . 




16 k. 102 w 


Unknown 

5 k.4 p 


Confederates retreated with small 
loss. 


1 k. 4 w 

13 k. 20 w. 60 p.. 


12 k. 30 w 

look. & w.,20p.. 

7 k. 6p 

7 k 






100 horses and their tents and 
supplies were captured. 


100 k. and w. . . . 




42k.l08w. 1624 p. 
17 k. 40 w 

3 k. 10 w 

4 k. 8 w 


25 k. 75 w 

40 k. 100 p 

15 k. 30 w 

29k. 50 w. 47 p..' 
10 k 


And all their tents and supplies. 
Confederates defeated. 
Col J. W. Davis killed. 


1 k. 4 w 


None 


4 k. 5 p 


Confederates routed. 
A drawn battle. 


8 k. 32 w 

y k. 3 w \ 


100 k. 95 w. 13 p.. 

11 k. 29 w. 22 p.. 
100 k. & w. 35 p.. 
8 k. 5 p 

62 k. and w., 30 p. 

12 k. aiidw 

5 k. and 4 w 

36 k. and w 

14 k. 8 p 


13 k.2l w 

1 k. 4 w 


Confederates routed. 


Ik 


2 k. 5 w. 3 m 

1 k. 6 w 


Unions burned the bridge. 


11 k 


14 w 




223 k. 250 w. 500 p 

7 k. 60 w 

223k.266w.455ra. 


200 k. and w 

Rebel loss heavy . . 
36 k. 264 w. 2 p.. 
20 k. and w. 60 p.. 


Col. Lowe killed, 80 prisoners 

and 4 heavy gun« captured. 
Col. Baker killed. 







418 



TUE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirinishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



1861 

Oct. 23 

" 28 
" 25 
" 26 
" 26 
ijTov. 2 
u 7 



Dec. 



West Liberty, Ky 
Hodgesville, Ky. . 
Springfield, Mo. . 
New Creek, Va . . 
Plattsburg, Mo.. . 
Platte City, Mo. . 
Belmont, Mo. ... 



Port Royal, S. C. 



Belmont, Mo. 
RoUa, Mo. . . 



Piketon, Ky 

New River, Ya 

Guyandotte, Va 

Kansas City, Mo 

Romney, Va 

McCoy's Mill, Va 

Warrensburg 

Fort Pickens, Fla , 

Lancaster, Va 

Dranesville, Va 

Black Walnut Creek, Mo. 

Hunter's Chapel 

Dunksburg, Mo 



Salem, Mo. 



Whip-poor-will Bridge, Ky. 

Brownsville, Ky 

Dam No. 5, Va . 

Olathe, Mo 

Bertrand, Mo 

Camp Alleghany, Va 

Mumfordh'Ville, Ky 

Osceola, Mo 

Millford, Mo 



Lieut. Grayson 
Maj. Zagonyi. . 
Gen.B.F.Kelley 



Col A.McDonald 



Maj. Josephs. 
Gens. Grant A 

McClernand 
Com. Dupont A. 

General W. T. 

Sherman . . 
Gen. Grant. . 
Col. Greusle. . 



Silas Gordon. 



Gen. Drayton 
Gen. Polk.... 



Nelson's Brigade 



Col.K.V.Whaley 
Col. Anthony, 



Gen. Beiiham. 



Gn. Floyd's array 



Col. Moore, . , 
Col. Bayard . , 
Maj. Hough . , 
Gen. Blenker. 



Lt. Col. BlantOD 



Maj. Bowen. 



Capts. Young A 
Wheatley. . . . 

Cols. Freeman A 
Turner 



Home Guards. 



CnTC.Hindman 



Lt. Col. Rhodes. 
Brig. Gn. Milroy. 



Danesville, Va. 
Hudson, Mo. . , 



Gen. Pope 

ol. J. C. Davis & 

Gen. Steele. , . 

Gen. E. 0. C. Ord 

Maj. McKee .... 



Col. E. Johnson. 
Gen. Bragg 



Gen. Stuart . . . 



CHEONO LOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



419 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Pamarlra 


Union. 


Confed. 




8 W. !!...! 


10 k. 5 w. 6 p 

3 k. 5 w 

106 k. 27 p 

10 k. 15 w 

8 k. 12p 

13 k. and w., 30 p. 

155 p 


Lieut.Grayson severely wounded 

Confederates routed. 

Col. Angus McDonald captured. 


48 k. 27 w. 10 m. 
2 k. 14 w 






89 k 150 w 150 m 




8 k. 2.3 w. 2500 p. 
84 k. 288 w. 285 m. 

6 k. 24 w 

8 k. 1 w 


k.& w. not reported. 
2Glk.427 w.278rn. 
9P 

400k.&w.2000p. 


2,500 Confed. prisoners A 42 guns. 

600 head of cattle, 40 horses and 

mules captured. 
Confederates defeated. 


8 k. 12 w. 45 p. . . 




Col. Whaleyxaptured. 
Union troops withdrawn. 


8 k. 8 w 




•2 k 


12p 




15k 


Col. Crogham killed. 




150p 


2 k. 13 w 






1 k. 2 w 

2 w 


13k 

2 k. 4 p 

17 k. 5p 

4 k. and w. 2 p. . . 

7 k. 10 w 


Many wounded and prisoners. 


Gwr 


Maj. Hough wounded. 
Confederates defeated. 


Ik 






16 k and w 


Confeds. defeated ; loss unknc wn 


4 w 


6 k. and w. 11 p. . 

Sk. 5 w 

12k 






Confederates defeated. 


2 k 


3 k. 5 w 




1 k 


16p 




20 k. 1 07 w. ) m 




Confeds. report about same loss. 


lOk. 17w 


33 k. 60 w 

300 p 


Confederates defeated. 


2 k. n w 


1300 p 


70 wagons with stores & equipage 


7 k. 61 w 


75 k. 150 w. 30 p. 
10 k. 17 p 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 







420 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



1861. 

Dec. 22 

" 28 
1862 



Newport News, Va. 

New Market Bridge 

Mount Zion, Mo 



Maj. Schoepf. . . 
Col. Jno. Glover 



Jan. 



Feb. 7 

" 8 

" 8 



" 14 

« 14 

" 14 

" 16 

" 18 

" 21 
March 7 



U 



Port Royal Ferry, S. C , 

Bath, Ya 

Huntersville, W. Va. , . 



Gen, Stevens. 



Gen, Jackson 



Blue's Gap, W. Va 

30 miles east Sutton, W. Va. 



Paintsville, Ky. . 
Silver Creek, Mo. 
Prestonburg, Ky, 
Mill Spring, Ky . , 



Maj. Webster. . , 

Col. Dunning. . . 

Col.H. Anisansel 

Col. Garfield... 
Maj. Torrence. . 
Gen. Garfield.. . 
Gen. Thomas. . . 



lium'y Marshall 
Col. Poindexter, 
Hum'y Marshall 
Gen. Zollicofifer. 



Fairfax Court House, Va 

Capture of forts on Roanoke 
Island, N. C 



Linn Creek, Va , 

Near Fort Henry, Tenn , 



Blooming Gap, Va 

Plat Lick Ford, Ky 

Fort Donelson 

Capture of Fort Donelson 



Col. Friedman . . 
Com. Goldsbo- 

rough & Gen. 

Burnside 

Capt. Smith 

Com. Foote and 

Gen. Grant. . . 
Gen. Lander. . . . 
Col. Munday. . . 

Cora, Foote 

Gen. Grant 



Gen. Wise. 



Gen. Tilghraan. 



Gen, Buckner. , 



Sugar Creek, Ark. 
Independence, Mo. 



Valverde, N. M, 
Winchester, Va. 
Pea Ridge, Ark, 



Hampton Roads, Va. 
New Madrid 



Col. Cranby 

Capt. Cole 

Gens. Curtiss, Si- 
gel, Asboth, & 
Davis 

U. S. war ship 
Cumberland.. 

Gen. Pope 



Quantrell 

Parker. . 
Col. Steele. 



and 



Gens. Van Dorn, 
Price, McCul- 
loch, and Pike 

Merrimac 

Gens. McCrogan, 
Stuart, Gauth. 



OHBONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAU. 



421 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Remarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


6 w 


10k 

25 k. 150 w. 40p. 

6 k. 12 w 

7k 




8 k.46 w 

3 k. 11 w.... 

3 k. 80p . 


90 horses and 105 stand of arms 

were captured. 
Confederates retreated. 

TTninnQ rpfrpafoH 


2 k. 7 w 


$50,000 worth of army stores 

were captured. 
3 cannon and their wagons were 

captured. 
56 head of cattle and 15 horses 

were captured. 
Confederates dispersed. 
Confederates retreated. 
Confederates retreated. 
Gen.Zollicoffer killed, 1200 horses 

& mules, 100 large wagons, and 

2,000 muskets were captured. 
12 horses captured. 

6 forts, 40 guns, and 3,000 small 

arms were captured. 
32 horses captured. 

including 17 officers. 


None 


15 k. 20 p 

22 k. and vv 

15p 




2 k. 1 w 


3 k. 10 w 

2 k. 25 w 

39 k. 207 w 

2 w 


12 k. 22 w. 15 p.. 

50 k. 25 p 

192 k. 140 p 

Ik. 12p 

80 k. 50 w. 2500 p.. 
8 k. 7 w. 17 p 

5 k. 30 p 

13 k., 20 w., 65 p., 
4 k. 4 w. 3 p 


50 k. 150 w 

1 k. 1 w.. 

39 k. 23 w 

7k 


Noue 


60 k. and w 


Com. Foote severely wounded. 
Brig. Gen. Buckner captured. 
Gens. Floyd <fe Pillow escaped 


446 k. 1736 w. and 
150p 


231 k. 1007 w. and 
15,000 p 


13 k. and w 


I k. 8 w 


3 k 




55 k. 140 w 




Confederate loss about the sam«. 


3 w 


6 k 5 w ... 


Capt. Cole wounded. 


1351 k. w. and m. 
340 k. & drowned. 


1100 k. 2500 W.& 
1600 p. 


Gens. McCulloch, Mcintosh, and 

Slack were killed. 
U. S. sloop-of-war Cumberland 

destroyed. 


ftl k 


100 k 


$100,000 worth of military stores 
captured from the Confeds. 









422 



THE NATIONAL HAJSTD-BOOK. 



Dale. 

1862. 

Mar. 14 
" 14 



16-18 

22 
23 
2G 
28 

29 



Vpril 5 
6-7 



1-7 

" 11 

" 11 

" 16 

" 20 

" 26 

May 3 
.i 4 

5 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Newbern, N. C , 

Cumberland Mts., Ky. 



Siege of Island No. 10. 
Independence, Mo. . . . 

Winchester, Va 

Humansville, Mo. . . . 
Vailis Ranch, N. M... 



Warrensburg, Mo. 



Siege of Yoi-ktown, Va 

Pittsburg Lauding, 1 eun .... 



Corinth, Miss 

Bombardment and capture of 

Island No. 10 . 

Capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga 



Vorktown, Va . . . 
Lee's Mills, Va. .. 
South Mills, N. C. 
Fort Macon, N. G. 

Farraington, Miss. 
Williamsburg, Va. 



Somerville Heights, Va. 

Corinth, Miss 

McDowell, W. Va 



12 m. from Athens, Ah 
Farmington, Miss 



McDowell. Va. 



Monterey, Tenn 

Trenton Bridge, N. G.. 
On James River 



Near Trenton, N. C. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Burnsido. . 

Col. Carler ;iiid 

Lt.Cl.Keigwin 

Com. Foote. . . . 



Gen. Shields. . . 



Col. Slough 

Capt. Thompson 



Gen. McClellan. 
Gens. Grant and 

Buell 

Gen. Shernian . . 
Com Foote and 

Gen. Pope. . . 
Gen. Hunter... . 



Gen. McClellan. 

Gen. lleno 

Gens. Burnside 

and Parker... 

Gen. Paine 

Gen. Stoneman. 
Gens. Kearney 

and Hooker 
Col. Foster. . . , 
Maj. Arlington 
Gens. Schenck &, 

Milroy 

Capt. Connet. 
Gen. Pope, . . 

Gens. Milroy 

Schenck . . . 

Gen. Smith. . . 

Col. Amory. . 



Gen. Geary , . . 
Maj. Fitzsimons 



Confed. 



Gen. Branch 



Qiiantrell , 

Gn. T. J. Jacksor, 



Col. Scurry and 

Maj. Pyron. . . 

Col. Parker 



Gens. Johnson A 
Beauregard . . 



Gen. Mnkad. . 
Col. Ol instead, 



Gen. Lee. . 
Col. White. 



Gen Longstreet 



Col. Woodward 
Gens. Ruggles, 
Price, Van Dorn 

Gen. Jackson. . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TAJBLE OF THE WAR. 



423 



KiUed, Wounded 


I, and Prisoners. 






Union. 


Confed. 1 




91k. 466 w 


60 k. 200 w. 200 
3 k. 6 w. 18 p. . 


P- 


G forts captured. 

59 horses, 100 guns, and 100 sa 
bres were captured. 




1 Ic 


7 k. 1 1 p 


Confederates defeated. 


100 k. 400 w 


600 k. 300 p 

15k 


Confeds. retreated in disorder. 
Many wounded. 

Confederates retreated. 

Col. Parker and Capt. Walton 


38 k. 54 w. 17 p.. 
2 k . . . . 


80 k. 100 w. 93 
15 k. 25 p 


P- 




3 k. 22 w 


taken prisoners. 


1614 k. 7721 w. 
QqB3 m 


1728 k. 8012 
959 ra. . . . 


w. 


Beauregard's report. 


15 k 25 w . . . 




• 




17 k. 6300 p 




1 k 1 w 


3 w 360 p 


47 guns and 40,000 pounds of 
powder captured. 


20 k and vv 




o2 k 100 w . . . . 


25 k. 75 w 




90 k 






Confederates routed. 


1 k 3 w 


7 k. 1 8 w 


Fort captured. 




8 k 






7 k. 25 p 




2073 k. &w. 62:3 p. 
29 k 


700k.lOOOvv.:300p. 


Confederate loss heavier. 
Unions ^etreated. 


4 w 


30 k 


Maj. Arlington killed. 


30 k '^00 \v 




Confederate loss computed to b« 
much greater. 


6 k 


13 k 


Capt. Connet captured. 


40 k. 120 w 




Confed. loss much greater 


20 k. 177 w 


40 k. 200 w 


Unions lost their camp, baggage, 
and stores. 


2 k ... 


10 k 






10 k 


Confederates defeated. 


17 k 20 w 




iNavaleneragenient, 


17 k 






i p 


6 k. many w 


Maj. Fitzsimons wounded. 







424 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

May 17 

" 18 

' 18 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Corinth 

Near Searey, Ark. 
Princeton, Va . . . , 



19 Newbern, N. C. 
•20Moorfield, Va 

21 1 Near Corinth, Miss. 
23 Lewisburg, Ya 



On the Chickahominy 

New Bridge, on the Chicka- 
hominy 

Winchester, Va 



23 
24 

25 

26 

27 

28 
29 
29 
30 Corinth, Miss. 

30 Front Royal, Va. 



Near Winchester, Va . . . , 
Near Hanover C. H., Va. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Osterhaus. 
Gen. Cox 



Lt. Col. Downey 
Col. Sedgwick. . . 
Col. Cook 



4th Mich 

Gen. N. P. Banks 

Col. Cluseret. . . 



Confed. 



Humphrey Mar 
shall. 



Gen. Heath. 



Corinth, Miss 

Hanover Court House 
Pocotaligo, S. C 



" 31 

" 31 

June 1 

' 1 

" 4 

** 8 

" 9 

" 10 

« 12 

" 14 

" 16 



Near Washington, N. C. 
Fair Oaks, Va 



Between Strasburg and Staun- 
ton, Va 

Fair Oaks, Va., continued . . 

Near Jasper, Tenn 

Cross Keys, Va 



Port Republic, Va. 
James Island 



Near Village Creek, Ark 

On James Island, S. C 

On James Island, Secession- 
vUle, S. 



Col. Purcell.. . 
Gen. Morell. . . 



Gen. Halleck . 



Gen. McClellan, 



Gen. Fremont. . 



Gen. Negley . . 
Gen. Fremont, 

Gen. Shields. . . 



5th La 

Gens. Ewell and 

Johnson 

Gen. Jackson . . . 



Gen. Branch 

Gen. Beauregard 



Gn. J.E. Johnson 



Gen. Jackson. 



Gen. Adams . . . 
Gen. Stonewall 

Jackson 

Xjren. Jackson . , 



Col. Brackett . . . 
Gen. Benham . . 



Capt. Hooker. . . 
Ool. Lamar. . . . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



425 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




10 k. 81 w 


12 k. raany w 


Confederate loss about 100. 


SO k. 70 w 




Cox defeated. 


k 


11 k 






4 k. 12p 




25 k 




10 k. 40w. Smiss'g. 
1 k. 6 w 


100 p 


4 cannons and 200 stand of arras 


15 w. 31 p 

50 k. and w., 37 p. 


captured from the Confeda. 
Many Confederates killed. 


10 k 




Banks retreated. 


7 w 


25 p 


Confed. killed and wounded un- 


54 k. 194 w. & m. 


known. 
Confed. loss between 200 and 30C 


'^5 k and w 


30 k 


k. and w., and 500 pris. 
Confed. killed left on the field. 


53 k. 326 m 

11 k 


400 k. &w., 600 p. 
20 k. and w 






2000 prisoners and large supplies 

taken. 
6 officers were captured, 2 en- 


8 k. 5 w 


20 k. & w., 156 p.. 
11 k 


2 w 


gines, and 11 cars. 
Confederates defeated. 


890 k. 3627 w. and 
1222 p 

] 2 k and w 


2800 k. 3897 w... 




5729 loss 

125 k. 500 w 

67 k. 361 w. and 
574 m 


8000 k. and w 

12 k. & w., 25 p.. 

600 k. & w 


Confederates defeated. 

Confederate loss considerable. 
Union troops retreated. Con- 
federate loss about 1000. 


tk. 13 w 

ISw 


15 k. 2w 

28 k., w., and p... 
17 k. 8 w 

40 k. 100 w 


Confederate killed and wounded 

left on the field. 
Confederates defeated. 


ik. 19 w 

J85 k., w., and p.. 


Unions defeated. 



426 



THE NATIONAL HAND- BOOK. 



Date. 



Namea and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



1862. 
June 18 

" 25 
" 26 
" 27 

" 27 
" 27 
1 
23 



iulv 



Near Smithville, Ark 

Oak Grove, Va . 

Chickahominy 

Near Richmond 

Graines' Mills, Va 

Village Creek, Ark 

Malveru Hill, Va. (7 days.). 
Florida. Mo 



'• 24 
" 25 

" 28 

" 29 
Aug. 2 



Brownsville, Tenn 
Orange C. H., Va 
Baton Rouge, La. . 



Near Decatur, Ala. 
Near Orange C. H., 
Moore's MUls, Mo. 



Va. 



Malvern Hill, Ya 

Near Mattapony River, Va. . , 

Fort Filmore, N. M 

Near Trenton, Tenn 

Kirkville, Mo 

Cedar Mountain, Va 

11 miles east of Helena, Ark 

Compton's Ferry, Mo , 

Kinderhook, Tenn 

Clarendon, Ark 

Gallatin, Tenn 



Commanders. 



Maj. Zrley 

Gen-.41ooker. . , 

McCleliiin , 

Gen. McClellan 
Gen. Porter. . . 
Col. Brackett. . , 
Gen. McClellan. 
Maj. Caldwell . 



Capt. Harraan, 
Gen. Gibson.. , 



Capt. DoUin... 
Gen. Crawford. 
Gen. Williams . 



Gen. Hooker. . . 

Generals Gibbon 

and Cutter. . . 

Col. Canby 



Merriwether's Landing, Tenn . 

Low Jack, Mo , 

Near Hickman, Mo 

Edgefield Junction, Tenn . . , 



Near Union Mills, Mo. 
Pinckncy's Island, S. C. 
Near Gallatin, Tenn. . 



Attack on Fort Donelson 

Kettle Run, Va 

Readyville, Tenn 



::ol. McNeiU . . . 
Gen. Banks. . . . 



Col. Guitars.. . 
Col. McGowan. 
Gen. Hovey. . . 
Col. Miller. . 

Col. T.W. Harris 
Maj. Foster. . 
Capt Moore. . 



j. Price, 



Gen. Johnson, 



Gen. Hooker 
Col. Murphy 



Confeil. 



Capt Jones. 
Gen. Lee . . , 
Gen. Lee . . , 
Gen. Lee . . , 
Gen. Lee. . . 



Gen. Lee . . 
Col. Porter 



Cols. Porter and 
Cobb 



Gen. J. C. Breck- 
inridge 



Gen. Stuart . . . 

Col. Sibley 

Capt. Faulkner. 

Col. Porter 

Gen. Jackson. . . 
Jeff. Thompson. 
Col. Poindexter. 
Anderson 



Col. J. H. Mor- 



gan 

Capt. Barfield. 
Col. Coffee . . . , 



Col. J. 11. Mor- 
gan 



Morgan 

Col. "Woodward. 

Gen. Kwell 

Gen. Forrest. . . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



42^ 



• 








Killed, Wounded, aud Prisuuers. 




Union. 


Confed. 




;s k. 4 w 


4 w. 15 p 


Capt. Jones captured. 
Confed. loss rnucli the heaviest. 
Confederates retreated. 
Federals retreated. 


200 loss 


80 k. 150 v/ 


Over 1000 


7600 k., w. & m... 
2 k. 31 w 


About the same.. . 




About 1000 


About 3000 








1 k. 30 w 


26 men. 

Confprlprnt.P'? Hpfpflf.pH 




5 k. 12 w. & p 






10 k. 30 w 

4 k. 6 w 


52 k. 100 w 

lo k. & w., lip... 


Confed. w. left on the field. 




4 k. 12 w 






260 k., w., and m . 


600 k., w., aud m . 


Gen. Williams Killed. The Con- 
federates were defeated. 




72 p 












Confederate troops defeated. 






20 k. :!" w 






Confederate troops defeated. 
Confederates repulsed. 




15o0 k., w., aud p 


1000 k. 1500 w... 






100 k. &w., 200 p. 
7 k. 27 p 

600 p 








Confederates defeated. 






') k. and many w. . 

20 k. 9 p 

1 1 k. and w 

4 k. 19 p 

7 k 20 w 

Ik 4 p 










^0 k 100 w 

2 w 












4: k. 3 w 


16 horses captured. 




3 k. 3 w., 32 p. . . 






64 k. 100 w. 200 p 




Gen. Johnson and his staff c»p 

tured. 
Confed. repulsed with heavy Iosa 
Confeds. driven from the field. 
Confederatct- def-^ated. 








A.bout 800 k. & w. 


800 k. &w., l(M)()p. 











428 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 

lug. 28 

'• 29 



" 30 

29-30 

" 30 

lept. 1 

" 1 

" 2 
•• 2 
•■■ 4 
" 4 
6 
6 
•' 6 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



J miles west of Centre ville,Va. 
Groveton, Va 



2d BuU Run. . 



Richmond, Ky 



Bolivar, Tenn 

Britten's Lane, Tenn. 
Cliantilly, Va 



Near Plymouth, N. C. . . 
Near Slaughterville, Ky. 
Fort Ridgely, Minn.. . . . 
Cumberland Gap, Tenn. 

Washington, N. C 

Near Martinsburg, Va . . 
Washington, N. C 



Capture of ShepherdsviUe, Ky 

Near Poolesville, Md 

Williamsburg, Va 



Edwards' Ferry, on the PotO' 

mac 

Fayette, Va 

Near Cold water. Miss 

Middletown, Md 

South Mountain, Md 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gens. McDowell 
and Sigel .... 

Gens. Hooker, 
Sigel, Kear- 
ney, Reno, and 
King 

Gen. Pope 



Gens. Mason and 

Craft 

Col Leggett 

Col. Dennis. - . 
Gen. Pope 



Sergt. Green . . 
Lt.-CoK Foster, 



Gen. Jul. White 



Maj. Chapman. 
CoL Campbell. . 



Confed. 



Gen. Jackson 



Gens. Jack SOD 

and Longstreet 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. E. Kirby 

Smith 

Gen. Armstrong 
Gen. Armstrong 
Gens. Jaclvson, 
Ewell, and HilJ 
Col. Garret. 



Indians 



Col. Shingle. 



Gen. Key 68 Gen. Stuart. . 

Col. Siber jGen. Loring. . 

Col. Grierson 



Mumfordsville, Ky , 

Greene River, Ky , 

Harper's Ferry {'6 days siege) . 



Gens. Hooker & 

Reoo 

Coi. Wilder 



17 Near DurhamviUe, Tenn. . . . 
17|Fahnouth, on Ky. Cen. R.R. 
17 Near Florence, Ky 



Col. Miles 

Lieut. R. Griffin. 

Col. Berry 

Maj. Foley. . . . 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Duncan . . . 



Gen. A. P. Hill. 
Lt. CoL Faulkner 



CHKONOLOGIOAIi TAJSLE OF THE WAit. 



429 



mUed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 








Confeds. driven back with loss 
and many prisoners. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederates routed. 
Confederates defeated, 
Heavy loss on both sides. Death 
of Gens. Kearney and Stearns 


6000 k. and w 

800 k., 4000 w., & 

3000 p 

•200 k., 700 w., 

2000 p 

5 k 18 w 64 m 


12,000 k., w., &m. 

700 k. 3000 w 

'250 k. 500 w 


200 k. and w 

1300 k. &w 


180 k. 220 w 

800 k. &w 

30 k. 40 p 

3 k., 2 w., 25 p .. 






13 k. 47 w 








Confeds defeated with loss 


8 k. 36w 

2 k. 10 w 


33 k. 100 w 

50 p. besides k. & w 
30 k. 36 p 


Federal gunboat exploded her 
magazine during the engage- 
ment, 18 killed <fc wounded. 


85 D, 


Ik Sw 


7 k 


Confederates defeated. 


5 capts., 4 lieuts., 
and Capt Camp- 
beU p 


8 k. CoL Shingle k. 




Confederates repulsed with the 
loss of 90 man. 


IK k. and w 




Federals defeated. 




4 k. 30 w 




80 k. and w 




44; k.l806 w.7jin. 


500 k., 2343 w., & 
1500 p 


Gen. Reno Mlled. 






Confederates defeated. 


80 k., 120 w., and 

11,683 p 

2 k. 10 w 

i w 


1500 k. andw 

8 k. 20 w. 

2 k. 4w. Ip 

5 k. 7 w 


Federals surrender. Col. Miles 
killed. 


I k. 1 w 











430 



THE NATIONAL HAITO-BOOK. 



Date. 


1862. 


Sept. 


n 


" 


17 


" 19-20 


"19-20 


ti 


20 


it 


21 


t( 


21 


u 


21 


u 


22 


il 


22 


11 


2^ 


u 


ifi 


« 


30 


(t 


30 


Oct 


1 


(( 


1 


(• 


3 


It 


3 


n 


3-5 


It 


6 


it 


6 


u 


7 


u 


8 


It 


9 


i< 


11 


i( 


14 


«4 


15 


tt 


16 


It 


17 


It 


21 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Antietam, Md. . 
Leesburg, Va. . . 
luka, Miss. ... 
Owensboro, Ky. 



Near Shirley's Ford, Mo. 

On Potomac 

Mun fords ville, Ky 

Sbepherdsville, Ky 

Sturgeon, Mo 



Ashby's G-ap, Va 

Yellow Medicine River, Minn , 



Sharps burg, Md. 



Newtonia, Mo. 

Russellville, Ky 

Gallatin, Tenn 

Shepherdstown and Martins- 
burg, Va 

On Blackwater River, near 
Franklin, Va 



Blackwater, near Franklin, Va. 
Near Corinth, Miss , 



Near Charlestown, Va 

Lavergne, Tenn 

Near Sibley's Landing, Mo. 



Chaplin Hills, Perryville, Ky. 
Near Lawrenceburg, Ky 



Near Helena, Ark 

Stanford, Ky , 

Carsville, Va 

Near Charlestown, Va, 
Thorouglifare Gap, Va- , 
Woodville, Tenn. . , 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. McCleUan. 
Col. Kilpatrick.. 
Geii.Rosecrans. 



Col. Ritchie 

Col. Barnes . . . , 
Col. E. McCook. 
Col. Granger. . , 
Maj. Hunt 



Col. R. B. Price, 
Col. Sibley 



Gen. Solomon. . . 
Col. Harrison. . . 
Col. Stokes 



Gen. Pleasanton 
Corns. Perry, 
Hunchback, 
& Whitehead. 

Col Spears 

Gens. Ord, Hurl- 
but, & Veatch 



Gen. Palmer. 



Gen. Buell. 



Col. Parrott 

Maj. Rector 



Lieut. WiUiams . 
Gen. Hancock . . 

Gen. Stahl 

Maj.J.J.Mudd. 



Confed. 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Price . . . 



Capt. Cunning- 
ham 

Lieut. Col. GreeE 
Indians 



Col. Cooper. . . 



Col. Bennett... 
Gen. Hampton. 



Capt. Flusser.. 



Gens. Price, Va 
Dom, & Love? 
Robertson's Bat 
Gen. Anderson 
Quantrell and 

ChUds 

Gen. Bragg. . . . 

Gen. Smith 

CoL Giddings. . . 



Haywood. 



CHEONOLOGIOAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



431 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




12,500 loss , 


15,000 loss 


Confederates defeated. 


135 k. 527 w 

2 k 18 w .• 


2H3k. 400 w.eOOp. 


Confederates defeated. 

Federal Col Webber k. Con- 




60 or 70 k and w. 


feds, defeated with severe loss. 


150 k., w., and p.. 








Crtnfprtprftf.afl dpfpftf.Pfl 




5 k. 28 p 






Confederates defeated. 




3 p 


Lieut. Col. Green captured. 

30 Indians killed and many 

wounded ; 4 whites killed and 

30 wounded. 
Confederates dispersed, and a 

squad of them captured. 










60 k. & w., 100 p. 




35 k. 10 p 

40 k., 39 p., and 

many w. 

60 k. and w., 9 p.. 








12 w. 3 p 

19 k. and w 






30 or 40 k. and w. 

1423 k., 5692 w., & 

2268 p 


Confederates defeated. 


315 k., 1812 w., & 
232 m 


Confederates routed. 






1 8 k. and w. 


; k. and w 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 


3200 k. w. and m.. 


1300 k., 3000 w., & 
200 t) 


Confeds. retreated ; great losa. 
Confederates defeated with con- 


fi k. 18 w 




3 k 9 w 


9 D . . 


siderable loss. 
Confederates defeated. 




several k. 14 p 






Federals defeated. 


1 k. 8 w 


9 w. and p 

100 p 










40 p 


100 horses and mules captured. 







432 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



1862. 
Oct. 22 



Nov. 



Dm 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirnaishes. 



Pocotaligo, S. C. 
Van Bureu, Ark. 



23 Waverlej, Tenn 

25 Shelby Depot, Tenn. . . . 

24 Manassas Junction, Va. . 

24 Grand Prairie, Mo 

27 Putnam's Ferry, Mo . . . 

27 Donaldson villa, La 

28 Fayetteville, Ark 

29 5 miles from Petersburg, 
29 Near Butler, Mo 

3 In Webster Co., Ky 



Commanders, 



Union. 



Gen. Brannon . . 
Maj. Lazear 



G<3n. Beauregard 
CoL Boon 



Maj. Blott.. 
Col. Stuart. 



Va. 



Lamar, Mo , 

Near Nasliville, Tenu, 
Warrenton, Va 



Maj. F. G. White 

Col. Lewis 

Gen. Weitzel . . . 
Gen. Herron. . . . 
Lt.-Gol. Iswick. . 
Col. Seaman. . . . 
Col. Foster 



Piketon, Ky 

Hudson ville. Miss. . . 
Near Marianna, Ark. 



Fredricksburg, Va. . . 
Huntsville, Tenn . . . . 
Near Lebanon, Tenn. 



Near La Grange, Tenu. 
Holly Springs, Miss. . 



Fayetteville, Va 

Rural Hills, Tenn 

Cove Creek, N. C 

Bayou Boutouca, near Fort 

Pike, La 

Near Winchester. Va 

Cold Knob Mountain, Va. . . 
Near La Vergne, Tenn 



Kane Hill, Ark 

Snicker's Gap, Va 

Near Charlestown, Va. 



Gen. Negleys. . 
Gen. Reynolds. 



Col. Dills 

Col. Lee 

Capt. L. M. Per- 
kins 

Capt. Dahlgren, 

Capt. Duncan, . . 

Capts. Keunett 
and Wolford. 

Col. Lee . 

Col. Lee 



Gen. Sturgis. . . 
Col. Hawkins.. . 
Lieut.-Col. Mix. 



Capt. Darling.. 
Capt. Harkins. 
Coi. J. C. Paxton 
Cols. Hurd and 

Dodge .... 
Gen. Blunt . 
Gen. Stahl.. . 
Gen. Slocum. 



Confed. 



Col. Craven- . . . 
Stuart's cavalry . 
Cockerill 



Quantreli . . . . 
J. H. Morgan. 



Morgan's men. 



Capt. EvaiiS. 



Gn. Marmaduke 



White and Hen- 
dersoa 



CHEONOLOOIOAL TABLE OF THE WAJJ. 



433 





Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Eemarks. 


Union. 


Confed. 


30 k. 180 w 




Confed. loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated with cen- 
siderable loss. 






Ik. 5 w 


40 k. and w., 30 p. 
8 or 10 k. and w.. 


n p. 




3 w 


8 k. 20 w 

several k. 40 p... 
tj k. lo w. •.>08 p... 
8k 








18 k. 74 w 


Confederates defeated. 




16 p 


200 cattle captured. 

3 Confederate lieutenants and 40 


8 k. 10 w 


30 k. andw 

•-iSp 




horses and carts captured. 


5 k. 19 w 


23 p 






7 p 


150 muskets and 40 horses and 


• 


80 p 


wagons captured. 




16 k. 175 p 

6 k. several w . . . 
39 p 




1 w 










6 k. several w . . . . 

7 k. 125p 

16 k. 134 p 

4. k. several cap- 
tured 
























Confederates defeated. 
Left on the field. 
Confederates defeated. 




16 k 






1 w .* 


4 k. several w. . . . 
4 k 




30 horses captured. 
Confederates defeated. 




100 p .... 


lOw 


Several k 






Confederates defeated. 




45 k. 40 p 

6 k. 18w 


Confederates defeated. 







434 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



1862. 

Dec. 2 

2 

" 3 

" 5 

" 7 



12 
12 
12 
13 

13 
14 
17 

18 

21 

24 
25 

27 

28 

27-29 

30 

1863. 

/an'y 2 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Franklin, Va 

Near Charlestown, Va. . . , 

Oxford, Miss 

Helena, Ark , 

Prairie Grove, N. W. Aik, 



Hartsville, Tenn 



Near Corinth, Miss. . . 
Near Kingston, N. C. 

Franklin, Tenn 

Fredericksburg, Va... 



Tuscurabia, Ala. 
Kingston, N. C. 
Goldsboro, N. C. 
Lexington, Kj. . 



Davis Mills, Wolf River, Miss. 



Near Munfordsville, Ky. 
Near Munfordsville, Ky. 
Dumfries, Va 



Elkford, Ky 

Vicksburg, Miss 

Pai'ker's Cross Roads, Tenn. . . 

Stone River, or Murfreesboro, 
Tenn 



Near La Grange, Ark. 
Springfield, Mo 



Ripley, Tenn . . 
Suffolk, Va.... 
Hartsville, Mo. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Col. Spear .... 
Gen, Geary , . . 
Col. Hatcli 



Gens. Blunt and 
Herrou 



Col. A. B. Moore 



Col. Sweeney. . . 
Gen. Foster ... 
Gen. A.S.Stanley 
Gen. Burnside. . 



Gen. Foster. . , . 
Gen. Foster. . . . 
Col. B. G. Inger- 

soil 

C0I.K.H. Morgan 

Capt. Dickeys. . . 

Col. Gray 

Col. C. Candy.. 



Maj. Foley. . . . 
Gen. Sherman. 
Gen. Sullivan. , 



Gen. Rosecrans. 

Gen.Washburne 

Gen. Brown and 

Col. Crabb . . . 

Capt. Moore. . . . 
Gen. Corcoran . 
Col. Merritt 



Gens. Hindn:un. 
Marmaduke, 
Parsons, acd 
Frost 

Gen. J. H. Mor- 
gan 

Col. Roddy 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Evans. . 
Gen, Evans. , 

Gen. Forrest. 
Gen. Van . . . . 



Gen. Morgan. . . 

Gen. Morgan. . . 

Gens. Stuart & 

FitzHughLee. 



Gen. Johnston. 
Gen. Forrest... 



Gen. Bragg. . . . 



Gens. Marma- 
duke and Bur 
bridge 

Lt.-Col. Dawson. 

Gen. Pryor 

G^n. Marmaduke 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



435 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Confed. 



t J k. and w 



41)5 k. 600 w. 

55 k. lOO w. 
1 k. 2 p 



1 k 

1512k., GOOOw. 

2078 p 

4 k. 14w 

MO k. 478 w... 



40 k. 
23 p. 



1 k and w . 



191 k.982 w.756m 
200 k. and w 



633 k., 6000 w, 



50 w. 



17 k 

3w 

Fei. loss 104. 
35 k and w. . 



7u k. & w., 145 p. 

92 p 

8 k. 30 p 



1500 k. and w 

I^oss abulia the 

same 

11 k. MOW 

400 p 

ok. low 



Less ISoO 

70 p 

7 1 k. 268 w., 400 p. 



2 k., 30 w., 20 p. 



9 k. 22 w 



80 or 40 k. and w. 
30 k., 17fi\v., 51 p. 



600 w. 



10 k. and w., 10 p. 



8 k., 20 w., 46 p. 



150 k. and w. 150 p 



Remarks. 



mfed. defeated with severe loss. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates repulsed. 



Confederates defeated. 

Federals surrendered. 

13 pieces artillery, etc., captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals repulsed. 
Confederates routed. 
13 pieces of artillery captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated. 

100 stand of Confederate arms left 

on the field. 
Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates routed. 
80 Confederate horses captured. 
Confederate loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated. 

Con feds, defeated. Their loss 
over 10,000, of which 9,000 
were killed and wounded. 



Confederate loss 200. 
Confederates defeated. 



4fiQ 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

JS63. 
Jaay 11 



• 31 

Feby 3 

" 3 

" 4 

" 10 

" 12 

" 15 

" 15 

" 15 

" 19 

" 20 

" 26 

" '27 
March 1 

" 2 

" 2 

" 4 

- 5 

•' -7 

" 10 

u n 

" n 

" 18 

»' 20 

u 22 

" 29 

« 30 

" 30 
A.prU 1 

" 2 

" 2 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Capture of Fort Hiudraan, on 
the Arkansas River 



Near "Woodbury, Tenn 

Trenton, Tenn 

Deserted House, 9 miles from 

Suffolk, Va 

Near Nashville, Tenn 

Mingo Swamp, Mo 

Fort Donelson, Tenn 



Near Lake Providence, La. 

Old River, La 

Near Bolivar, Tenn 

Canesville, Tenn 



Nolensville, Tenn 

Arkadelphia, Ark 

Coldwater, Miss 

Yazoo Pass 

Woodstock, Ya 

miles from Newbern, 

Bradyville, Tenn 

Near Petersburg, Tenn. 

Aldie, Va 

Chapel Hill, Tenn 

Near Franklin, Tenn. . . 



N. G. 



Unionville, Tenn 

Near Covington, Tenn. 

Kelly's Ford, Va 

Np'./ Franklin, Va . . . . 

Berwick Bay, La 

Near Milton, Tenn. . . . 



Near Blue Spring, Mo. 
Near Soraorville, Tenn . 
Near Somerset, Ky. . . , 
Point Pleasant, W. Va. 

Doanesville, Va 

Woodbury, Tenn. 



Commandors. 



Union. 



Adm. Porter and 
Gen. McCler- 
nand 

Gen. Palmer. . . . 

Col. Wood 

Gen. Corcoran . . 



Maj. Reeder . . 
Col. Harding. 



Capt. Tucker... 
Col. Monroe 



Sergt. Holmes . 
Capt. Brown . . 
Lt.-Col. Wood. 
5th Illinois . . . 



Capt. Jacobs . . . 
Gen. Rosecrans. 



Capt. Schultze . 
Col. Johnson. . 
CoL Colburn. . . 

Gen. Manly . . 
CoL Grierson. . 
Gen. Averill. . . 

Col. Spear 

Capt. Perkins. 
Col. Hall 



G^n. Gillmore. 



1st Vermont. 

Gen. Hazen. . 

In Jackson Co., Mo Maj. Ransom. 



Gen. Ch^i chill. 
Capt. Dawson, 
Gen. Pry or. . . . 



D. McGee 

Wheeler and 

Forrest 

"3d La." 



Morgan's Cav. . . 



Morgan. 



Mosby 

Col. Roger. 
Van Dorn.. 



Gen. Russell . . . 
Col. Richardson 



Morgan and 
Breckinridge . 
Quautrell 



Pegram 

Gen. Jenkins. 
Capt. Mosby. . 



Hicki. 



OHBONOLOGIOAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



437 



Klllw!, Wounded, and PrlsonerB. 



Union. 



Confed. 



Eemarks. 



Nearly 1000 k., w. 

and missing. . . . 

» k. 9 w 



550 k. &w. 5000 p, 

35 k. 100 p 

34 p. orkiUed 



5 w. 



12 k., 12 w., 300 p 
9 k. 20 w 



12 k. 30 w 

8 k. ajid w 



2 k. 12w 

6 k., 3 w., 15 p. 

6 w 

200 k. and p 

Iw 

15 k. and w 



100 k. 400 w. 300 p 

30 k. and w 

Ilk. and w., 25 p, 

4 k. 5 w 

20 k., many w., 6 p, 

8 k., 20 w., 4 p... 
14 k. 12 w 



6 k. 26 p. 



100 k., 300 w. and 
1200 p 



3 k. 48 p 

8 k., 30 w., 89 p. 

12 k. 20 w 

30 p 

12 k. 72p 



Ik. 16 w. 



120 k. 300 w. 
50 k. 180 w. . 
25 k many p. 
86 F 



7 k. S w 

9 k. 5 m. several w. 
40 k. and w 



1 k. 20 w 

40 k. 140 w. 12 m. 



1 k. 1 w 

60 k., w., and p. 



12 k. 14 p. 



12 k. 30 w. and p. 
17k. 



Confederates defeated. 

Loss in killed and wounded on 
each side about 60. 

D. McGee killed. 

Confederates repulsed. 
90 horses taken. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 
50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap- 
tured. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals routed. 
Confederates dispersed. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates retreated. 
Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 



Federals defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated. 
Federals retreated. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated 
Federals defeated 
Confederates defeated. 
Conf. loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd. 

Federals defeated, 
Confederates defeated 



438 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 

1863. 

^pril : 

" lu 

" 14 

" 19 

" 20 

" 22 

" 26 
Uay 1 



" 1 

" 1 

" 1 

" 2 
" 2-3 

" 3 

" 3 

" 6 

" 1 

•' 14 

" 16 

*' 16 
18-22 

" 19 

" 20 

" 27 

" 28 

June 6 

" 9 

" 14 

'• 21 

» 24 

" 24 

" 26 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Snow Hill, Tenn 



Franklin, Tenn . . . 
Bayou Teche, La . . 
Cold water, Tenn. . . 

Patterson, Mo 

Near Strasburg, Va. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Gen. Stanley. . 
Gen. Granp:er. 



Cape Girardeau, Mo . 
Near Franklin, Tenn 



Col. Bryant . . 
Col. Smart. . . 
Majors McGee 

and White. 
Gen. McNeil. . 
Col. Campbell 



Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan^ 

semoud River 

Port Gibson, Miss 

Monticello, Ky 

Near La Grange, Ark 

Before Fredericksburg, Ya. . . 
Chancellorsville, Va 



Warrenton Junction 

Hain's Bluff on the Miss. 

Tupelo, Miss 

Raymond, Miss 

Near Jackson, Miss 

Champion Hill, Miss 

Big Black River, Miss. . . 
Vicksburg, Mi.ss 



Col. Corwyn. . . 
Gen. McPherson 
Gen. Grant, 
Gen. Grant 
Gen. Grant 
Gen. Grant and 
Adm. Porter. 
Gen. Milroy .... 
Gen. Stanley. . . 
Gen. Banks and 
Ad. Farragut. 

Near Doniphan, Mo 'Major Lippert. . 

MLUiken's Bend, Miss Gen. Thomas. .. 

Beverly Ford, Va Gens. Buford & 

Gregg 

Winchester, Va {Gen. Milroy. . . . 

Gen. Pleasanton 

Col. Hoover 

Gen. WUlich... 



Near Winchester, Va. 
Middletown, Tenn . . . . 
Port Hudson, La. ... 



Col. Nixon 

Gen. Grant 

Geu. Carter . . . 
Capt. De Huff. . 
Gen. Sedgwick. 
Gen. Hooker. . . 

Col, De Forrest, 



Near Middleburg, Va. 
Hoover's Gap, Tenn . . 
Liberty Gap, Tenn. 



South Anna, Va. Col. Spear 



Confed. 



Morton aiic* 

Wharton.. . 
Van Dorn 



Marmaduke . 

Van Dorn's 

Pickets. . . 



Gen. J.S.Bowen 
Col. Morrison. . . 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Mosby 



Gen. Ruggles, . . 
Gen. Gregg. . . . 
Gen. Johnston.. 
Geu. Pemberton 
Gen. Pemberton 

Gen. PembertoD 



Gen. Gardner 



Gn. McCullough 

Gn.J.E.B.Staart 

& F. Hugh Lee 

Gen. Ewell 



Gen.W. F. Lee. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



439 



i Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. 


Remarks 


Union. 


Con fed. 






15 or 20 k. 50 p. . 
300 k. and w 




100 


Confederates repulsed. 
Confederate loss much greater. 


160 


10 k. 20 w 

60 k. and w ... 


20 k. 40 




Federals defeated. 


2 


5 k., 9 w., 25 p.. . 
40 k. 200 w 

30 k. and w., 11 p. 


Confederates defeated. 


6 k. 6 w 








41 k. and w 


Con feds, defeated with severe loss 


130 k. 718 w. 6 m. 


1500 k.,w., and p. 


Confederates defeated. 
Confederates defeated. 


41 k., w., and m . . 




Federals defeated. 


2000 k. and w. . . . 






15,000 k. and w., 
17,000 p 


18,000 k. and w., 
5000 p 


Confed. defeated with heavy loss. 


80 k. and w 




Naval engagement. 




90 p 


Confederates defeated. 


51 k. 181 w 

40 k. 240 w. 6 m.. 
426 k. 1842 w.... 
29 k. 242 w 


75k. 250 w. 186 p.. 

40i) k. andw 

4000 k., w., and m 
2600 


Confederates defeated. 
29 cannon captured. 
17 cannon captured. 


Loas about 2600.. 


Loss not reported. 
6 k 7 p 


Confederates defeated. 
200 horses captured. 

Federals defeated. 




8 k. 90 p 

600 k., w., and m. 


900 k., w., and m 

80 k., w., and ra . . 


127 k. 287 w. 157 m 

380 k., w., and m . 
2000 


200 k. 500 w. & m 

750 k., w., and m. 
850 k., w., andm. 
150 k. andw., 80 p. 


Confederates defeated. 
Federals defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 


45 k. and w 


Confeds. defeated with heavy loss. 


90 k. 100 w 




Confeds. defeated with heavy loss. 
300 horses, 35 wagons, and their 




110 p 




commander captured. 



440 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOE.. 



Date. 



1863. 

June 26 

July 1 

" 2-3 

4 

4 



" 12 

" 12 

" U 
« 17 

« 18 
"18-19 
" 19 

" 23 
" 26 

Aug. 20 
" 22 

" 28 
Sept. 7 



19-20 



.Oct. I 
" 1' 

27-28 

Nov. 3 
•• 16 
Nov. 17 
to Dec. 4 
Nov. 24 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Shelbyville, Tenn 

Gettysburg 

Gettysburg 

Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss. 
Helena, Ark 



Bolton, Miss. 



Surrender of Port Hudson, 

Miss 

Near Jackson, Miss 

Jackson, Miss 

Falling Waters, Va 

Elk Creek, Ark 

Honey Springs, lud. Territory, 

Fort Wagner, S. C 

Wytheville, W. Va 



Manassas Gap, Va. 
New Lisbon, Ohio. 



Chickaraauga . . . 
Pocahontas, Ark 



Warm Spring, Va 
Fort Sumter 



Tilford, Tenn 

Cumberland Gap, Tenn 



Chick amauga 



Parmington, Tenn . . . 
Bristow Station, Va.. 
Brown's Ferry, Tenu. 



Bayou Cokay, La 

Campbell Station, Tenn . 

Knoxvillo, Tenn 

Lookout Mountain 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



Gen. Rosecrans. 
Gen. Meade . . . . 

Gen. Mead 

Gen. Grant . . . . 
Gen. Prentiss. . 



Gen. Grant. 



Gen. Banks .... 

Coi. Hatch 

Gen. Lanmaun. . 
Gen. Kilpatrick . 

Gen. Blunt 

Gen. Blunt. . . . 

Gen. Gil more... 

Cols. Tollaud & 

Powell 



Col. Shackleford. 



T. H. Stevens. 



Gen. Bragg. . . 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Pembertot 

Generals Price, 
Holmes, and 
Marraaduko . . 

Gen. Johnson . . 



Gen. Gardner. 



Gen. Cooper. . . . 
Gen. Cooper. . . . 
Gn. Beauregard. 



Gen. Morgan . . 

Gen. Bragg. . . 

Gen. Jeff. G 

Thompson . . . 



Gen. Biu-nside., . Cren, Frazier. 

I 
Gen. Rosecrans. Gen. Bragg. . 



Gen. Cook 

Gen. Warren . . . 
Gens. Smith & 

Hooker 

Gen. Burbridge. 
Gen. Bumside. . 

Gen. Bumside.. 
Hooker 



Gen. Wheeler . . 
Gen. A. P. Hill 

Gen. Longstree 

Gen. Longstreol 

Gen. Longstreet 



CHEONOLOGICAI. TAJSLE OF TUE WAK. 



141 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



8.=) k. 463 w. 13m, 



Confed. 



r-)rnl loss •JS,I9.'^.. Total loss 37,000.. 
•>4r) k. 3G88 w. & 9000 k. & w. an 
30a p. 30,000 p 



250 k., w., auc m, 



1 3 k. and w 

300 k. and w 

29 k. 3G w 

10 k. 25 w 

9 k. 50 w 

70U k., w. and m. . 

66 k. and w 

30 k. 80 w 



114. 



300 p. 



1644 k. 9262 w. 

4945 m 

2i> k. 150 w , . 



500 k. orw.,10uOp, 
4000 p 



ii.onO p 

175 k. and w. 



13t'0 p. 130 k. &\v 
4(10 k. or w. (50 p. 
50 k, 75 w. 65 p. . 
500 k. 331 w 



75 k. 150 p 

3u0 k. or w., 60 p. 



100 p. 
2oO.. 



2000 p. 



17,000 k., R^., &m. 
125 k. & w., 300 p. 



51 k. 329 w 1200 k. &W.8U0 p 



7t; k. 339 w. 22 ra. 
18 k. 100 w. 559 m. 
400 



Loss over 1000. 
100 k. 200 p . . 
1000 



600. 



1600. 



Remarks. 



Confed. k.<few. notrep'td; 1634 p. 
Gen, Reynolds killed. 

Confederates paroled. 



Confederates defeated. 
Rear-^;uard of Johnson's army 

cajilui-ed. 



100 coii'Ciipts released. 

Confederates defeated. 
Con federates defeated. 

Federals repulsed. 

Virginia and Tennessee Railroad 

destroyed. 
Confederates defeated. 
Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry, 

400 men, captured. 
Federals defeated. 
Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Stafl 

captured. 

Naval engagement. Federals de- 
feated. 

Federals defeated. 

A large supply of army stores 
captured. 

Federals defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 



Confederates withdrew. 



''ight above clouds. Bragg deft'd 



442 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



1863. 

N.28.2f 
» 25 

" 27 
27-30 

Dec. 14 

" 25 

" 2G 
1864. 

Jul. 2 

" 3 

» 12 

" 11 

" 28 

'* 'iy 

•' 30 

Feb 3 

3 

4 

14 

• 20 

22-25 

" 22 

March 5 

" 9-10 
" 16 
" 21 
" 21 
25 

Ap'I8-9 

" 12 

i7-20 
" 24 
■^ 26 



Chattanooga, Tenn 

Capture of Missionary Ridge, 

Va 

Ringgold, Ga 

Locust Grove, Va 

Beau Station 

Pulaski, Tenn 

Charleston, Tenn 



Gen. Grant. 



Gen. Hooker. 
Gen. Hooker. 
Gen. Meade. . 
Shackleford. . 
Geu. Dodge. , 
Col. Luberk . . 



Gen. Bragg. . 

Bragg 

Gen. Hardee. 
Gen. Lee. . . . 
Longstreet. . . 



Gen. Wheeler . . 



Near Moorfield, Va 

JonesviUe, Va 

Mossy Creek, Tenn 

Near Daudridge, Tenn 

Tunuel HiU, Ga 

Scottville, Ky 

Federal supply train captured 

near Petersburg, W. Va — 

Bolton, Miss 



Gen. McCook. 



Maj. Johnson., 



Col. Snyder 

Sherman's ad- 



Newborn, N. C. 
Clinton, Miss. . . 
Gainesville, Fla. 
Olustee, Fla 



vance 

Gen. Foster. . . 



Gen. Pickett.. 



Tunnel Hill, Ga 

Near Drainsville, Va. 
Yazoo City 



Capt. Roberts. 
Gen. Seymour. 

Gen. Palmer. . 



Gen. Gardner.. 

Gen. Wheeler. 
Mosby 



Suffolk, Va 

Near Fort Pillow 

Henderson's HiU 

Near Alexandria 

At Fed. Fork, Paducah, Ky. 



Gen. Mower. 

Banks 

CoL Hicks . . 



Mansfield, La. 
Fort PiUow . . 



Plymouth, N. G 

Cane River, La 

Supply train captured 
Pine Blutt, Ark 



Gen. Banks 

Majs. Booth & 

Bradford .... 

Gen. Wessels . . 

Gen. A. T. Smith 



G^n. Forrest . . . 

Kjrby Smith . . . 

Gen. Forrest. 
Gen. Hoke .... 
Gen. Dick Tayloi 



Col. Drake. 



CHRONOLOGIOAI. TABLE OF THE WAR. 



443 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 




4000 


About 16,000 






Bragg defeated. 

Confed. k. and w. not reported. 


SJOO 


300 p 


1000 


2500 . . 


200 


800 k. and w 

50 p 


Forrest's guerrillas captured. 




121 p 


Confederates defeated. 


i 

60 k or w., 300 p. 


13 k. 20 w. 


Confederates defeated. 




14 k. 49 p 


Confederates defeated. 


150 k. and w 


Federals defeated. 




32 k. and 1 Co. p.. 
40 k. 20 p 


Confederates defeated. 




Confederates defeated. 


80 k. and w 




12 k. 85 w 




Confeds. defeated. Loss mucb 
greater. 

Confed. Battery defeated. 


212 k., w., and m. 
15 k. 80 w 


300 k., w., and m. 




100 


Confederates routed. 


1500 


Federals defeated. ConfederaU 


75 k. and w 


300 p 


loss about the same. 
Killed and wounded not reported. 


8 k 7 w. 75 m 




Federals defeated. 


6 k. 20 w 




Confederates defeated with con- 


1\0 


•i.o k 

50 k. and w 

•;82 r> 


siderable loss. 
Suffolk captured. 
Confederates defeated. 




Confederate camp captured. 

Town nearly destroyed by the 

bombardment. 
Confederates defeated. 


*Uk. 46w 

600 k. &w. 1500 p. 

BOO k. 100 w 

150 k. 1700 p 

80 k. andw 

2000 p 


806 p 

lOOO k. and w 

2000 p 


Loss not reported. 

1500 k. and w 

1000 


9 guns captured 









444 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOi:. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed 



1864. 

May 6-7 



Wilderness, Va. 



Rock Face Ridge, Ga. 
Spottsylvania C. H. . . 
Near Wytheville, Va . 
Spottsylvania G. H. . . 



Gens. Grant, 
Meade, and" 
Buriiside . . . 

Gen. Sherman , 

Grant 

Gen, Averill. . , 
Gen. Grant 



Gen. L<jrt„ 



12-15 Fort Darling, Va. 



13-15 
" 15 
19-20 
" 24 

May 25 
" 28 

Junel-3 

June 5 



" 9 
" 10 
" 11 

16-18 



" 27 

July 9 

" 12 
J'yl3.16 

" 20 
" 20 
" 22 

27-30 
Ag. 5-20 



Resaca, Ga. 

New Market, Va 

Berraiida Hundred, Va. 
Wilson's Landing, Va. 

Near Dallas, Ga 

Dallas, Ga 

Cold Harbor, Va 



Gen. Butler 

Gen. Sherman . . 

Gen. Sigel 

Gen. Butler 

Gen. Wild 

Gen. Hooker. . . 

Gen. Sherman. . 

Gens. Grant and 

Meade 



Gn. Joe JohnwB 

Lee 

Gen. Jomis 

Gen, Lofi 



Gn. Beajii egard. 
Gn. Joe Johnson 
Breckinmlge. . . 
Gn. Beam egard. 
Gn. Fit?, H.Lee. 
Gen, Haixlee. . . 
Gen. Longstreet. 



Gen. hbv 



Piedmont, Va. 



Mount Sterling 
Guntowa, Miss ...... 

Near Cynthiana, Ky , . . , 

Petersburg, Va 

Weldon Railroad, Va. 
Near Kenesaw Mt., Gt 
Monocacj , Md 



Silver Springs, D. C 

Between Pontotoc aijd lu- 

polo, Teiiu 

Before Winchester Va 

Peach Tree Creek, Ga 

Before Atlarta. Ga 

Petersburg, Va 

Mobile Bay, Ala 



Gen. Burbridge. 

Gen. Sturgis 

Gen. Burbridge. 

Gens. Grant and 

Meade 

Gen. Meade .... 
Gen. Sherman . . 
Gen. Wallace. , . 

Gen. Augur. . . . 
Gens. Smith and 

Slocum 

Gen. Averill... . 
Gen. Sherman , . 
Gen. Sherman. . 

Gen. Grant 

Adm.Farragut & 

Gen. Granger. 



E. Kirbr K imith . 
Gen. M oifcan . . 



Gen. hui 

Gen. L')o .... 
Gen. Johnson. 
Gen. J. Karly . 

Gen. Eurly. . . .. 

Gen, Forrest . . . 

Gen. Early 

Gen. Hood 

Gen. Hood 

Gen. Leo 

Gn.Page & Adm. 
Buchanan... . 



OHBONOLOGIOAL TABIE OF THE WAB. 



445 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 








Oonfd. Oeti. Long-sti'eet wounded. 
Gens, Wadsworth and Hayes 
killed. Loss about 28,000 on 
each side. 

Loss about 10,000 on each side. 


J»OC V , w., and ra. 


650 k., w., and m. 
1000 p 










Confeds lost betw'n 3000 <k 4000 


5000 k., w., and m 

700 k. 2800 w 

97 k. 440 w. 225 m 
300 


Loss much greater. 
Loss not reported . 
1000 k., w., and m. 

Not stated 

275 k. aiidw., 11 p 


prisoners, including 2 general 
officers <fe 30 pieces of artillery. 

Federals defeated. 


40 k. and w 

1500 


Confeds. about the same loss. 


300 


2500k.&w., SOOp. 

8000 k.,w., and ra. 
1500 p 

700 p 


Confederates retreated. 


9000 k., w., and ra. 


3 guns and 3000 stand of arms, 
stores, etc., were captured, and 
a large number of Confederates 
killed and wounded. 

Confederates defeated. 

Federals defeated and the town 
burned. 


986 k. & w. 1000 p 
200 k. &w. 1200 p. 

10,000 


Loss not reported . 
305 k. 275 w. 400 p 

Not reported 

Loss not reported . 


600 k. <fe w. 2500 p 
1500 


Johnson flanked 


loOO 


Not reported 

100 k., many \v. . . 
2000 


Federals overpowered and forced 
to retreat. 

Confederates defeated. 


200 k,, w., and m. 
300 . ... 


250 k , w., and m, 
ni3k., w., andra. 
8521 


300 k. & w., 200 p. 
5000 k.&w. 1000 p 
10,000 


Early defeated. 

Gen. McPherson killed. 


5000 k., w., and m. 
120 k.88 w 


1200 k., w., and m. 

nse p 


K. and w. not reported. 1 50 guns 
captured. 







446 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Date. 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



1864. 

A.ug. 14 Strawberry Plains, Yi 
■18 Deep Bottom, Va. , . , 
16 Crooked Run, Va. . . . 



15 


-18 


* 


16 


18 


-22 


.. 


19 


u 


21 


" 


21 


" 


24 


" 


25 


It 


31 


Sept. 


3 


11 


4 


<i 


16 


i< 


19 


u 


21 


1( 


26 


Sept. 


29 


to Oct. 1 1 


Sept. 


30 


Oct. 


2 


it 


7 


(( 


9 


u 


10 


(( 


13 


i< 


13 


'< 


19 


« 


19 


« 


26 


t( 


21 


0. 28-30 


(( 


28 


Nov. 


& 



Jouesboro, Ga. 



At Six Mile Station, Va. . , 

On Weldon Road 

Summit Point, Va 

Dalton, Oa 

On the Weldou Road 

Before Atlanta 

Drakesviile & Perryville, Vt 
Greenville, Tenn 



Sycamore Church, Va. 



Bunker Hill, near Winchester, 

Va 

Fisher's Hill, Va 

Ironton, Mo 



Richmond and Petersburg, Va. 

Preble's Farm 

Abingdon, Va 

Darbytown Road and New 

Market Heights 

Fisher's Hill, Va 

Allatoona, Ga 

Darbytown Road, Va 

Bull's Gap, Va 

Cedar Creek, Va 

Lexington, Mo 

M:ns Creek, Mo 



Commanaers. 



Union. 



Gen. Grant, 
Gen. Grant,. 
Gen. Merrill , 



Gen. Kilpatrick 

and Col. Minty 

Gen. Warren . . . 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Sheridan. . 

Col. Siebold 

Gen. Grant 

Gen. Sherman. . 



Gen. Gillam , 



Gens. Gregg and 
Kautz 



Gen. Sheridan . . 
Gen. Sheridan . . 
Gen. Ewing. . . . 



Darbytown, Williamsburg 

Road, and Hatcher's Run, Va 

Decatur 

Norristown, E. Tenn 



Fort Sedgwick, Va. 



Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 

Gen. 
Gen 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 
Gen. 



Confed. 



Gen. Lee 

Gen. Lee . 

Gens Loina.x A 

Wickhani . . . 
Gen. Ross '<ti- 

guson .... 
Gen. Pickett. . 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Early ..... 
Gen. Wheeler. , 

Gen. Lee 

Gen. Hood 



John Morgan. 



Gen. Hamptoa 

G^sn. Early. . . 
Gen. Early. . . . 
Gen. Price. . . 



Grant Gen. Lee. 

Warren. , 
Burbridgc 



Butler 

Sheridan. . 

Corse 

Terry 

Gillem.... 
Sheridan . . 

Blunt 

Pleasanton 



Gen. Grant.. 
Col. Morgan, 
Gen. Gillam. 



Gen. Echols. . . . 

Gen. Anderson 
Gen. Rosser, . . 

Gen, French 

Gen. .. . . 

Gn. Breckinridge 
Gen. Early.. . 
Gen. Price. . . . 
Gen. Price 



Gen. Lee . 
Rhoddy . 
Vaughn . 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 



417 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 

Ccnfed. 



Union. 



Total loss 1100. 
Total loss 4000, 



10 



.SI 4 k. and w 

3000 

600 

900 

30 

lOOok.&w. 3000p. 
50 k. 439 w. 50 m. 
3()0 



110 k., w., and ra. 

3000 k. and w... . 

600 k. and w 

9 k. 60 w 



6000 k., w., and m. 
500 k. &w., 1600 p. 
350 



500 

60 

600 k., w., and m 

414 

•220 

lOoOk. &w. 1300 p 



1 00(1 k. & w. 2000 p 



400 k. 1500 w 

800 m 

100 



70. 



250 p. 

2500 . 



300. 



1000 k., w., and ra, 

1500 p 

2000 



150 

15(i0 k. and w. . . 
5000 k., w., and m. 

70 p 

IdO k. 75 p 



90 k. and w 

500 k. 4000 w. 

2500 p 

400 k. & w. 1100 p 
1500 k. and w 



50 p 

18 k. 71 w. 21 m. 



1000 

330 p 

275 k. & w., 500 p. 
200 



2800k.& w. 1300p 
900 *k., 1000 p... . 



1600 k., w., and m 
400 p., many k. it w, 
200 p 



120. 



Remarks, 



Oonfed. k. and w. not given. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates defeated. 

Confederate loss not reported. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confederates repulsed. 
Confederates repulsed. 
Morgan's staff taken prisoners. 
Morgan killed. 



Confed. Gens. Rhodes and Gor- 
don killed. 
16 confed. guns captured. 
Confederates defeated. 

Confed. loss about 2400. 



Confed, k. and w. not given. 
Confederates defeated. 
Federals retreated. 
Confederate loss not given. 

Blunt- defeated. 

Gens. Marmaduke and Cabell, 
2800 wounded Confeds., and 
1600 stand of arms captured. 



8 pieces of artillery captured 

from the Confederates, 
Confederates defeated. 



448 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Date, 


1864. 


Nov. 


12 


Nov 


29 


to Dec. 7 


Nov. 


30 


Dec. 


1 


" 


7 


it 


13 


" 


14 


15 


-21 


Doc. 


16 


D. 15-16 


.. 


17 


23 


-25 


1865. 


Jan. 


15 


Feb. 5-7 


.< 


11 


17 


-19 


20- 


-22 


Feb. 


27 


toMh 10 


March 2 


It 


10 


u 


11 


« 


16 


( 


19 


' 


29 


27- 


-25 


/Lpril 


1 



Names and Places of Battles, En 
gagements, and Skirmishes. 



Near Nineveh, Ya 

Graliamsville and Pocotaligo, 

S. C 

Franklin, Tenn 



Nashville, Tenn ... 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Kingsport, E, Tenn. 

Bri.stol, Tenn 

Savannah, Ga 

Near Murfreesboro. 
Nashville 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Powell 



Gen. Foster. . . 
Gen. Schofield . 

Gen. Tlioraas. . 

Rosseau 

(Ten. Bnrbridge 
Gen. Burbridge 
Gen. Sherman. 



Gen. Thomas. 



Aslibyville, Ky Gen. McCook 

Furt Fisher, N. C 



Fort Fisher. N. C. 

Dabnej Mills and Hatcher's 

Run, Va 

Near Wilmington, N. C. . . . 
Fort Anderson, N. C 



Wilmington, N. C. 



Waynesboro, James River, and 
Virginia Central Railroad. . 

Between Charlottesville and 
Staunton 

Kingston, N. C 



Kingston, N. C 

Avorasboro, N. C 

Bentonville, N. C 

Quake- Road 



Petersburg, Va. 
Five Forks 



Gen. Butler and 
Rear Ad. Porter 



Gen Terry 

Gen. Grant and 

Meade 

Gen. Terry 

Gen. Schotield & 

Rear Ad. Porter 
Gen. Schotield k 

Rear Ad. Porter 

Gen. Sheridan, 



eridan 

Gen. Schofield. . 

Cox and CoucVi . 
Gen. Sherman. . 
Geru Sherman . . 
Sheridan 



Gens. Grant and 
Meade 

Sheridan and 
Warren. 



Confed. 



Gen. Lomax, 



Gen. Hood. . 

Gen. Hood. . 

Forrest 

Basil Duke . 

Gen. Hardee, 

Forrest 

Hood 



Gen. Lyon . . . 
Gen. Whiting. 



Gen. Lee. 



Gen. Hoke. . 
Gen. Bragg. 
Gen. Early. . 



Early . 
Bragg. 



Hill and Hoke. . 

Gen. Johnson.. . 
Gen. Johnson.. . 
Bushrod Johnson 



Gen. Lee. 
Gen. Lee. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAB 



449 



Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. 



Union. 



Prom 1200 to 1500 

189 k. 1033 w 

1104 m 

IjOss about 6500. . 



400 

6600 loss. 



196. 



110 k. 536 w 

147 k. 1038 w 

800 w 

60 



100. 
200. 



1000 loss. 



soo 

74 k. 477 w. 
1646 .. ,., 



Confed. 



160 p. 



1750 k. 3800 w. 

702p 

Loss over 23,000. . 

207 p 

150 

300 p 

600 k. & w. 1000 p 
1500 k. aud w.. 
23,000 loss.. .. 



100 k. & w., 280 p, 

440 k. & w. 2500 p, 

1500 k., w., andm. 
100 



60 p 

1072 p.... 
5 k. 1362 p. 



Eema/V' 



1800 p 

1200 k. & w., 400p. 



180 k. 12iC w. 
990 m 



3000 



2000 

:27 k. 373 p.. 
167 k. 1625 p. 



2200 k. & w. 2800 
P 



6000 p. 



2 Confed. guns captured. 

Confed. loss not reported. 

Confederates defeated. 

Forrest routed, losing 14 cannon 
Confederates routed. 



Forrest defeated. 

Ed. Johnson captured, also 41 

guns and 7000 small arms. 
Lyon defeated. 



The fort and 72 guns captured. 



Killed and wounded not reported. 

Killed and wounded not reported. 

11 guns, which was nearly the 

whole of Early's force captured 



2000 Confeds. captured from the 

8th to the 10th. 
Confederates repulsed. 

Confederates repulsed. 
Confederates retire. Loss on 
each side 500. 



All the Confederate artillery cap- 
tured. Davis flies by night 
from Richmond. 



450 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Dkte. 

1865. 
April 



2-J 



tfay 



Names and Places of Battles, En- 
gag:eitient8, and Skinuislies. 



Ebenezer Church, 
Selma, Ala 



Ala. 



Petersburg and Richmond. . .. 

Richmond entered by General 

Near Farmville and Sailors' 

Creek 



Surrender of Lee's arniv to 
Fort Biakly, Mobile '. . . . 



Surrender of Montgomery, Ala,, 

Near Salisbury, N. C 

Assassination of President Lin 
Columbus Sc West Point, Ala.. 
Surrender of Gen. Johnson and 
Surrender of Morijan's old com 
Surrender of Gen. Dick Taylor 

Tallahassee, Fla 

Near Boco Chico, Texas 



Capture of Jeff Davis, Irwins 
Surrender of General Klrby 



Commanders. 



Union. 



Confed. 



Gen. 
Gen, 



Wilson. . . Forrest. 
Wilson. . . 'Forrest. 



Gen. Grant Gen. Lee. 

Weitzel's colored troops. 



Sheridan . 



Lee. 



General Grant at 
Gen. C.inby and 
Adm. Thatcher 
to Gen. Wilson 
Gen. Ston^man. 
coin, Ford's The 
Gen. Wilson.. . . 
his army, num 
tnand to General 
of nil ihe forces 
Gen. McCook. .. 
Col. Barrett. . . . 

viile, Ga 

Smith and hie 



Appomattox 

Gen. Taylor. . . . 
Geu Forrest. . . 

Gardner 

aire, by J.Wilkes 

bering 27,500 
Hobson, 1200 
of W. Mississippi 
Gen. Sam. Jones 
Gen. Slaughter 



army of about 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 



451 



Killed, Wounded, and I'risoners. 




Union. 


Confed. 






300 p 


3 Confederate ^ims capture d, 
Forrest and Rhoddy taken pris 

oners. Selma captured and 

all store?). 




3000 p 


8000 


9000 k., w , andra. 
6000 p 




Confed. Gens. Ewell, Kershaw, 
Corse, & Curtis Lee captured, 
also 16 guns and 400 wagons. 

All were paroled. 

32 Conf d cannon captured, 4000 p 


C. h , Va 


26,115 p 


2000 


500 k & w., 300 p. 
2700 p 




100 Confed. guns captured. 




1800 p 


14 Confed. cannon captured. 


Booth. 


1500 p . . . 


100,000 bales of cotton taken. 


meu. 

men, at Mt. Ster 

to Gen. Canby. 


ling, Ky. 
10,000 
8000 p. . 


None killed. 


70 

SO.OOO. 




This was the last engagement ol 
the war. 



Statement of VesseU captured and destroyed for Violation oj 

the Blockade, or in Battle, from May, 1861, to May 1866. 
from the Official Report of the Secretary of the Navy. 



Olai* 



Name. 



Schooner. . . 
Ship 

Schooner. ., 
Schooner. . , 
SclioouiT.. . 

Ship 

Brig 

Sloop 

Schooner. ., 
ScLooner.., 

Brig 

Schooner . . , 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner .. 
Schooner. ., 

Brig 

Biig 

Schooner . . , 
Schooner. . , 
Schooner .. , 

Ship 

Steamer 

Schooner.., 
Sloop , 



Schooner. 

Schooner . 

Sloop 

Yacht.... 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 

Ship 

Schooner . 
Sloop 



Schooner . 
Schooner . 
Schooner . 

Schooner. 
Schoon* • 



A. J. Russell... 
Argo 

Ai-cola 

Almira Ann.. . . 

Aid 

Amelia 

Amy Warwick.. 

Alena , 

Achilles 

Ann Ryan 

Alvarado , 

Abbie Bradford. 

A Ibion 

Aigbnrth 

Aristides 

Alert 

Ariel 

Ariel 

Argonaut 

Adeline 

Albion 

Admiral 

Anna , 



Wlicn 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



A. J. View. 

Advocate . . , 



Anna Smith.... 

Arrow 

Atlanta 

America 

AUiemarle 

A. II. Partridge. 

Alphonsina 

Anna Belle 

Alert 

Active 

Alfred Ilobb.... 



Alliance. 

Albert... 
Annie... 



Alice. 



Actor 

Andromed.'i 

Agnes II. W ard 
Amer'u Coaster 
"Vieg , 



1861 
May 3 

May 14 

May 22 
May 17 
June .') 
Jime 18 
June 10 
June 15 
June 17 
July 4 
Aug. 
Aug. 13 
Aug. IG 
Aug. 31 
Sept. 27 
Oct. C 



Hampton roads. 



Oct. 20 

Sept. 13 
Nov. 17 
Nov.. 25 
Dec. 12 
Nov. 22 



Mobile bay 

Charleston 

Hampton roads 

l'otom:ic river.. . 
Chaiideleur island. . 

Ualveston 

St:. Mary's river 

Mississippi river 

Charleston 

Lat. 30% long. 80°.. 

Key West 

Charleston 



By what vessel. 



Cumberland 
Minnesota 



Wilmington, N. C. 



Dec. I 
1862 

Jan. 10 

Feb. 25 



March.. 
Mar. 14 



Off Cape Carnaveral 
Coast of S. Carolina. 
Tybee 

Mississippi sound. . . 



Cedar Keys. 

St. John's, Florida.. 
West cc Ast of Florida 
East coast of Florida 
Newbarn, N. C 



March.. 
Feb. 26 
April 26 
April 19 

April 26 

May I 
April 2i 

May UjKoanoire river 

Mar. t 

May 2t 

June 1 

June i 

July I 



Cap** Blass 

St. John's, Florida.. 
St'-no, S. Carolina.. 
Florence, Alabama. 
Captured at Foi-t 

Macon 

Charleston 

Oulf of Mexico 



Li-uiuiioo river, N. C. 

iMuiTi!. '.!uba 

iOoanft ."" .^ Carolina 
unmiunftMV river 



N iagara 

Wabash and Union 
Minnesota 
T.iount Vernon 
Massachusetts 
South Carolina 
-T'irnostown 
Powhatan 

[Roanoke & Seminole 
I Jamestown 

! Roanoke and Flag 

[Vandalia 

Gerasbok 

! Susquehanna 

■ Connecticut 

Penguin •& Alabama 

Alabama 

New London & R. R 

Cuvler 
New London Jc R. R 

Cuyler 
New London, &o 



natteras 

Bienville <fe Mohlcai 
Ethan Allen 
Ottawa, &c 
Rowan's expedition 



Pursuit 

Bien villa 

Flambeau 

Tyler 

Daylight and Chip- 
pewa 

Huron 

Kanawha 

Perry, Lockwoo4 A 
Cerea 

Ceres 

Pursuit 

Northern Light 

Currituck 

IHuntsvill* 



454 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



CiaBB. 



Schooner ... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 



Sloop 

Ta.- 

Ram 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
S,_:hooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
iSchoouer. 
Bchouner . 
Schooner. 
Schoouer. 
Schooner. 
Sloot) 



Sloop 

Steamer.. , 
Steamer.. 
Schooner . 

Boat 

Schooner . 
Schoouer. 

Brig 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
S( hooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Eiohooner. 

Sloop 

Schooner. 

Ram 

Steamer.. 
Iron-clad, 
rebel... 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Bcbooner. 

Schooner. 
Brig 



Name. 



Aquilla. 
^dela . , 



Ann 

Albemarle. . . . 

America 

Anna Sophia , 
Arctic 



Ag-nes 

Ann Squires 

Anglo American 

A rkansas 

Adventure 

A. B 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



Charleston. 
Bahamas . . 



1862 
Aug. 4 

July 7 

June 19 Mobile. 

Mar. 25 Pungo river, N, C. , . 

April 10 Newtogan c'k, N. C, 

Aug. 27 Gulf of Mexico 

Potomac river 

o^r^♦ o^ St. Andrew's soun<l. 
bept. 2.> (.^ _ 

Oct. ' "Wicomico bay 

Aug. 2 Mississippi river 



By what vesseL 



ifluron 

j Quaker City aadi 

Ilimtflville 
|Susqui'h:ainaiStJCao- 
I awha 
'Delaware 

Com. Perry, &c 

R. R. Cuyler 

Freeborn 

Florida 

I William Bacon. 

; Essex 



Annie Dees 1 

Adelaide ■ 

Anglia , 

Ariel j 

Agnes 

Alicia I 

Ariel 

Ann Maria.. 
Ann 



Oct. 1 Pensacola Kensington, &c. 

Aug. 15 Corpus Christi I Arthur 

Nov. 7 Charleston I Seneca 

Oct. 21 Sounds of N. C;ir. . . lEllis 

Oct. 24 Bull's bay ! Flair & KesMess 

Nov. 15 Lat. 24°, long. 83° ..jlluntsville 

Nov. 24 iHdian river Sagamore 

Dec. 10 „ 

Nov. IS Shallotte inlet, ^. C .Monticello 



Avenger 

Antona 

A. W. Baker . . . 
A.W.Thompson 

Alligator 

Avon 

Annie 

Atlantic 

Aries 

Antelope 

Agnes 

Aurelia 

Anna 

Ascension 

Annie B 

Alabama 

A. Carson 

Alma 

Amelia 

Angelina 

A. J. Hodge.... 

Arkansas 

Argo 

Atlanta 



Anna Maria.... 
Arctic 



Artist... 
Atlantic. 



Dec. 

18G3. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
Mar. 

Mar. 
Feb. 
April 
April 
Apiil 

April 

May 



Jupiter inlet. 



Cape St. BlaP 

Mississippi viver 

Finev I'oinl 

CaloosaLatchie river 

Abaco 

Wilmington 

Havana 

Bull's Bay, S. Car.. 

Charleston 

Tortugae 

Mosquito inlet 

Suwanee river 

Havana 

Lat. 27°, long. 83° ., 
Lat. 29% long. —°... 

Chesapeake bay .. . , 



Gem of tb«> Sea 



May 16 
May 13 

May 20 

» 
Juno 1 

June 28 
May 28 

July 6 

Aug. 15 

Aug. 10 



Charleston... 

At sea , 

Lat. 28°, long. 

Yazoo city. . . . 



Sagamore 

Pocahontas 

Queen of the Wet* 

Wyandank 

Julia 

Tioga 

State of Georgia 

Sonoma 

Stettin 

Memphis 

Two Sisters 

Arizona 

Fort Henry 

Huntsville 

Wanderer 

•Susquehanna 

W. World and 8- 

Rotan 
Peny 
Flag, Canandaigua, 

Wamsutta 
Courier 
Huntsville 
Yazoo Pass exi^edl- 

tion 



Savannah 

Steinhathee river 
Great Yiocomico. 
Charlotte Harbor, 

Florida 

Lat. 28°, long, or." 
Rio Grande 



Weehawken 

Nahant 
Fort Henry 
Satellite 

Restless 

Bermuda 
Princess Royii 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



455 



Class. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vcsseL 


Steamer.... 


Alice Vivian.... 


1863 
Aug. 16 
Aug. 8 


Gulf of Mexico 

Gilbert's bar 


De Soto 


Steame r 


Alonzo Cliild'^ 


Mississippi .^quaflroB 


Steamer.... 

Brig 

Steamer 


Arabian 

Atlantic 

Alabama 


Sept. 15 
Aug. 14 
Sept. 12 
Oct. 7 
July 13 
Nov. 15 
Oct. 27 
Nov. - 

Nov. 30 

Dec. 8 
Dec. 20 

1864. 
Jan. 16 

Mar. 3 

April 12 
April 19 

May 14 

May 3 

May 12 

July 28 
Sept. 10 
Oct. 31 
Oct. 5 


Newiniet. N. Car.. 
Off the Rio Grande. 
Chandeleur island . . 


Shenandoah 

Eugenie 
Black Hawk 


Boat 


Mice 




Fort Henry 






At sea 








Granite City 


English sch . 


Amelia Ann.... 
Albert, or We- 


BrazoM Santiago 

Off Mobile 




Cumberland beach.. 
Off Wilmington 

St. Cath.'s sound... 

Off Tybee island.... 

Off Savannah 

Coast of Texns 

Off Espiritu Santo 
Pass 

Off Velasco, Texas. . 

Alligator river 

Gatesvillc, N. C 




British sch.. 
Steamer 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Steamer 

Mexican sch 


Antoinette 

Antonica 

A n nie Tho m ps'n 
Arietta, or Mar- 
tha 

AUian'o 

A Im a 


Braziliera 

Gov. Buckingham 

Fernandina 

S. Car., T. A. Ward 
Virginia 

Kanawha 

Chocura 

Ceres and Rockland 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 


Amanda 

Agnes 

Ann C. Davon- 


Steamer... . 


AlTOW 


Naval and army cap- 


Steamer. . . . 


A. D.Vance.... 
•Vn nie 


At sea 


Santiago de Cuba 
Kansas, &c. 


Steamer. ... 


Off New inlet 

Off Valasco. . . 


Schooner. . . 


Annie Virdcn... 
Annie.. .......< 


Mobile 


Steamer 


Oct. 7 
Sept. 6 


Near Ca])e Fear 

Lat.26°30' N.; lon^. 
89° 30' W 


Aster 


Schooner... 


Ann Louisa.... 


Proteus 




Roanoke river 

Off Cherbourg, Fr.. 

Lat. 27°N.;long.94° 

w 


Torpedo boat (Lieut. 


Rebel steam 
Schooner... 


Alabama 

Albert Edward. 

Armstrong 


June 19 
Oct. 31 

Dsc. 4 

Dec. 7 

1865. 
Jan. 17 
Mar. 2 

Feb. 7 
Feb. 18 
April 11 

1861. 
May 15 
June 23 

July 16 
Sept. 28 
Oct. 3 


Cushirig) 
Kearsarge 
Katahdin 


Stean-.er.... 


Lat.32°N.-,!«ng.77° 
w 


R R. Cuyler and 
others 




OffSt. Louis Pass... 

Suwanee river, Fla. 
Savannah river 

Galveston Bay ..... 

FassCavallo 

Crystal river, Fla.. 

Hampton roads 

Mississippi sound. . . 

Coast of Maryland. . 
Ilatteras inlet 


I'rincess Royal an« 


Schooner . . . 
Steamer. . . . 

Schooner... 

Rebel sch... 
Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 


Augusta 

Amazon 

Annie Sophia... 

Anna Dale 

Annie ........ 


Chocuia 

Honeysuckle 
Pontiac 

Bienville and Prin- 
cess Royal 
Panola 
Sea Bird 


Belle Conway.. 

Brilliante 

Ba.-^ildo 

Brunette 

Baltimore 


Minnesota 
Massachusetts 

Potomac flotilla 
Susquehanna 




Potomac nvor 

• •.. j> 

Bahama cbanacl.... 


Potomac tlotiUa 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 


BTena Vista.... 
Beauregard 


July 17 
Nov. 13 


Resolute 

"W. G. Anderson 



456 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



"When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what veBsel. 



Brig.. 
Sloop. 



8ch Doner.. 
Schooner. . 
Steamer . . . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

SU)op 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Schooner.. 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
i-chooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer . . . 

Ship 

Schooner., 

Sloop 

Boat 



1861 

B. F. Martin... July 28 
Blooming Youth Dec. 18 

1862 
Black Warrior.. Feb 
British Queen.. . Mar. 1 

Bermuda April 2 

Belle April 26 

British Empire. 

Baigori-y Jun e 9 

Beauregard 

Blossom Aug. 12 

j Breaker 

Bellefout... 
Belle Italia 
Brilliant... 
By George. 



Bloomer. 
Brave . . . 



Steamer... 
Schooner... 

Steamer... 

Sloop. . . . . . 

Steamer... 

Steamer... 
Steamer. . . 

Schooner.. 

Steamer. . . 
Schooner., 

Steamer... 
Schooner.., 

Gunboat. . 

Rebel st'r-. 
Eebel st'r. 

Schooner,. 
Schooner.. 



Burto n 

Berwick Bay... 

Belle 

Brothrrs 

Bansfur 

Bright 

B azvr 

Britannia 

Banshee 

Bettie Cratzer. 

Blue Belle 

Buckshot 



I Banshee 
Bigelow.. 



Bendigo... 
Bufifeilo.... 

Bombshell . 

Boston .... 
Bat 

Badger 

Beatrice... 
Belle 



Blenheim , 

Ben Willis. .. . 



Beaufort. 



Baltic ■ 

Black Diamond 



Cecilia... 
Cambria., 



Hatteras 

Alexandria, V; 



Union 
Perry 



Elizabeth City... 

Wilmington 

Hole-in- Wall 

Charleston 

Maratanzas inlet., 
Lat. 23°, long. 83° 

Coast of Te: as | Rachel Seaman 

Potomac river I Reliance 

Coast uf Texas I Arthur 



Rowan's expeditioB 

Mount Vernon 

Mercedita 

Uncas 

Isaac Smith 

Bainbridge. 



Feb. 

July 10 

Nov. 3 

Dec. 1 

1863. 

Jan. 1 

Jan. 15 

Jan. 19 

Feb. 3 
Feb. 23 
Mar. 22 
Mar. 25 
April 24 
May 27 
June 25 
July 29 
June 23 
July 2 
Aug. 7 

Nov. 21 

Dec. 16 

1864. 
Jan. 3 

Feb. 1 
May 5 

July 8 
Oct. 10 

Nov. 6 

Nov. 27 
Dec. 27 

1865. 
Jan. 24 

Feb. 2 



New Topsail inlet . . Daylight 
Indian river Sagamore 



Pensacola. 



New Orleans, La. 
Mississippi river 



Naval and army cap- 
ture 

Octorara 

Admiral FarraguVl 

fleet 
Queen of the "West 



Sapelo sound iPotomska 



Abaco 

Gulf of Me'xi'c©".'.! 
Lat. 26°, long. 96° 
Lat. 25°, long. 74°. 

New Inlet 

Coast of N. Car. . 
Sabine Pass 



Bear Inkt. 



Tiogt 

Foit Henry 

De Soto 

Brooklyn 

Santiago de Cuba 

Niphon 

Frambeau 

Cayuga 

San Jacinto 

Grand Gulf and FuV 

ton 
Not known 



Oflf "Wilmington .... Blockading squadro* 
St Andrew's soundly ^^^j^^.^ 
Ga 

Mattabesett and otO' 



Mar. - 
May 10 

1861. 
Sept. 24 
April 23 



Off Plymouth, N. O. 
Off "Wilmington 

St. George's Sound, 
Fla 

Off Charleston, S. C. 
Galveston, Texas... 

Cape Fear river.... 

Lat. 28° N., long, 92° 

W 



Richmond, Va 

Tombigbee river.. . . 



Hampton roads.... 



era 
Fort Jackson 
Montgomery, &o. 

Adala 

Picket boats 
Virginia 

N. Atlantic squadro* 
Panola 

Part of N. Atlantlo 

squadron 
Part of "West OuU 

squadron 



Dart 
Cumberland 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



457 



OlaBB. 



Name. 



Schooner. • 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 



Steamer..., 

Steamer... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Pilot boat. 



Carne 

Crenshaw 

Catherine 

Caroline 

C. P. Knapp... 
Charles Henry 
Col. Long 



Cheshire 

Charity 

Capt. Spedden. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 
May 2 
May 17 
May 27 
July 5 
Aug. 8 
April 7 
Sept. 4 

Dec 6 

Dec. 15 

Dec. 31 



Calhoun. 



Schooner.. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 

Steamer. . , 

Steamer.... 



Curlew.... 
Caroline... 

Cora 

Clifton.... 
Coquette . . 

Cygnet.... 
Columbia.. 
Charlotte . 

Cuba 

Circassian. 



Schooner. 
Gunboat. . 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. 

Schooner . 
BehooneT , 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 



"Where captured. 



By what vesiel. 



Hampton roads. 



Galveston. 



Chandeleur island. 
At sea 



Savannah 

Hatteras inlet. 
Biloxi 



1862. 



Jan. 23 



Feb. 
Mar. 



Constitution.... 
Cambria..... 



Cora May 31 

. ' Corypheus May 13 

. I Clara Dolson 
.'catalina iJune 20 



Southwest Pass. 



Roanoke island... 
"West coast of Fla. 
Lat. 26", long. 8-1° 



Minnesota 

South Carolina 

Santee 

Massachusetts 

Jamestown 

Flag, Seneca, Poc* 

hontas, Augusta, 

and Savai nah 
Stars and Stripes 
Hairy Lewis, water- 

Witch and New 

Lor don 

Colorado, Rachel 
Seaman, and tend- 
er of Bamuel Ro- 
tan 

Rowan's expedition 

Ethan Allen 

Panola 



Mar. 
April 

April 

April 
April 10 

May 4 

May 22 
May 26 



Newbern Rowan's expedition 

Charleston bar Susquehanna 

, . , Mercedita and Saga 

Apalachicola more 

Coast of Texas Montgomery 

Mobile Kanawha 



Coast of Cuba... 
Lockwood's Folly in- 
let 



,,. Curlew. 
... Chance. 



..Caroline Virginia 
,. Comet 



Propeller . . 

Schooner. . 
Schooner.. , 
Schooner.. . 

Bteamer.. 



Sloop 

Bloop 



Columbia 

Corelia 

Chapel Point.. 
lOonchita 

Carolina 



Schooner.. 
Schooner. 



Capitola 

Caperton.... 



Corse. 



Charleston 

At Sea 

Charleston 

Bayou Bonfouca. 



Charleston 

Cedar Keys 

Warsaw Sound 

Sounds of N. Ca:.... 
Newbem 

April 10 Newtogan c'k N. C. 

July 9 Coast of Texas 

Aug. 3, Lat. 28", long. 76'... 
Aug. 23'Lat. 23% long. 84'.. 
Sept. 20 Potomac river 

iCoast of Texas 

Lat 29', long. 87°... 

Glymont, Md 



June 16 
June 28 
Mar. 14 



Oct. 
Oct. 

Nov. 



Nov. 11 



, ILouruT.... 



,..lDec. 



Somerset 

Mount Vernon, Vic- 
toria, and State of 
Georgia 

Hurcm 

Arietta and Dan 

Keystone Btate 

Calhoun 

Mound City 

Alabama and Flam- 
beau 

Somerset 

BrazDiera 

Naval expedition 

Rowan's expedition 

Commodore Perry 
and others 

Arthur 

Santiago de Cuba 

James S. Chambert 

Jacob Bell 

Crocker's expedition 

Montgomery 
Resolute 



Sabine Pass. 



22 Lat. 'lA°, long. 83°. 



Velocity, Dan Ken- 
sington, and Ra- 
chel Seaman 

IIuiitHvillo 



458 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROY KD 



Oh 



Brig 

Schooner. 



Ship. 



Steamer.. 
Bchooner.. 
Steamer . . 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Sloop 

yteamer.. 



Steamer 

Brigantiae. 

Boat 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . 
Steamer... 



Steamer.... 
Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop 



Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. . 



Name. 



Comet... 
Carmita. 



C. A, Farwell. 



Ceres 

Chatham 

Curlew 

Charm 

C. W. Worrel 
Clara 



Clyde.... 
Crotild;!.. 
Clierokee. 



Cuba 

Comet 

Crazy Jane... 
C. Ronterean. 

Chirita 

Calypso 



Charleston . 
Cassandra., 
Clara Ann . 
Clotilda... 



Cronstadt 

Carmita 

Clara Louisa.. 
Charmer 



April 20 



When 
cap- 
tui-ed. 



Where captured. 



1862 
Dec. 2G-jA1)aco.... 
Dec. 27jM;ir(iuesai 

18G3. 



keys... 
Jan. 19 New Orleans, La. . 



Indian riv 



Feb. 27 Alexandria, Va 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

April 

April 

M:ay 



May 
May 
May 
May 

April 
June 
June 



Mobile 

Deer creek 

Canipeachy bank . 
Lat. 28°, long. 80° 
Charleston bar 



Apalacliicola . 



17 Lat. 28°, long 87°. 

15 Fort Morizan 

SjTampabny, Florid 

16 Charleston 



June 3 



June 
June 
July 
July 
Autr. 
July 



April 20 

July - 

July - 

July — 

Dec. — 

»ec. — 

July 11 



Steamer. ... I Comubia. 



Aug. 
July 
Julv 
do. io- 

Aug. 
Aug. 
Aug. 

July 

Nov. 



Lat. 26°, long 
Wilminuton. 
Crystal river. 



Near Apalachicola . 
St. Joseph's bay. . . . 
Mississippi squadron 



"Wilmington 
Rappahannock river 

Cone river 

Mosquito inlet 

Wacassassa river. 

Cape San Bias 

Lat. 27°, long. 76°... 
Lat. 26°, long. 95..., 
Indian River inlet.. 
Mosquito inlet.. 
Olf New Inlet... 



By what vesseL 



Santiago de Cuba 
Magnolia 

Admual Farrigut'J 
fleet 



,\dolf Hugel 
New Era 
Gcra of the Sea 
AVyandank 
Kanawha 

Mic^sissippi squa<irot 
Sonoma 
McClellan 
Canandaigua and 
Flag 

Fort Royal 

De Soto 

Kanawha 

Tahoma 

S. Atlantic block- 

ad'g squadron. 
l)e S.ito 
Florida 
Fort Henry and 

Beauregard 
Fort Henry and 

Beauregard 
Octorara and Tioga 
Fort Henry 
Hendrick HudsoD 
De S.jto 
San Jacinto 
Port Royal 



Port Royal 
>i 

J. L. Davis 

O.-iage 

Seminole 
Yankee. 



Sagamore, &o 
Fort Henry 
Hendrick Hudson. 
Rhode Island 
Bermuda 
Sagamore 
. . I Sagamore, &c. 
|.Ias. AdgerandNlp 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



459 



Glass. 



Name, 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vesBol. 



Steamer. . . .] Chatham. 

Eng. stem'r.lCeres 

Schooner^.. 



Schooner.... 



Sloop. 



Steamer. . . 
Schooner.. . 
Sloop 

Steamer... 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 
Si earner.. 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Concordia. 



Caroline. 



Cumberland.. 

Camilla 

Cassie Holt... 
Caledonia .... 



Caroline 

Cyclups 

Coquetle. .. . 

Condor 

Coiistance . . . 
Cora Smyser. 
Carrie Moir . 



Schooner.... 'Cora.. 



Steamer..... 

Schooner. . . . 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Sshooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Rebel iron- 
clad 



Charlotte 

Coquette 

Celt 

Comua 

Cath. Coombs.. 
'Cora 

Chaos 

Cotton Plant... 
Columbia...... 



1SG3 
Dec IC 
Dec fi 
Dec. 28 
Oct. 5 

1864. 
Jan. 18 
Jan. 6 
Feb. 26 



Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



Botey sound 

Cape Fear river 

Oclockney river, Fla. 
Calcasieu Vans 

Jupiter inlet 

At sea 

Suwanee river, Fla. . 



I'ort Pembei-t' >n. . 
5 At sea 

29 San Luis Pass... 



May 30 

June 

June 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec 



Dea 

Jan. 

Jan. 
Jauu 



Schooner.... Dorothy Haines 
Schooner.... Delaware Far 
mar 

Schooner Dart 

H. brig Delta 

Sf^ooner. , ,. , Delight 



At sea 



Jupiter inlet.., 
Ofl' Charleston, 
Potomac river, 



Huron 

Conn, and otliers 
Stars and Stripes 
Granite City 

Enchuck 

Yamirrbilt 

Clyiie 

Jli-si.s.sippi squa.Jrr'h 



K.\i)ed lion lip Y.i: 
De ^otd 

Virgii,i,i 

Masi-acliii.sittri a 
Keystone State 
Union 
Flag 
Adolpli ll.igel 



Mar. 31 



Feb. 
Mar. 

April 
April 
April 
April 



Otf C harleston 

Off Velasco. Texa.s.. 
Pass Caballo, Texas. 
Lat. 32° N., long. 

77° W. 

At 6ea 

Off Galveston island 
Lat. 33° N., long 

75° W. 
Cape Fear river 

Combahee river, f\ 
Carolina 

Stranded on Sulli- 
van's island 

Lat. 2.i° N., Ion:. 
83° W. 

Yorktown, Va 

Near Brazos de >St. 
lago. 

Mississippi river 

Oil' Galveston, Texas 



Roanoke river... 



Charleston, S. C. 



May 11 

May 14 

July ■ 

Oct. 2 

Dec. 9 



Sciota and ChocurK 
lla.sea 

(i('lty,sliurg and oth 
' ers 
Maclijuaw 
I'l iucess Uoyu] 

|llon».co Beals 

{ Malvern and oUiers 

Dai-Chiug and Clo- 
ver 



luka 

Cru.sader 

(Quaker City 

Ihintrosa 
(ici'trude 
Coinubia 
Cornubia and 0« 

trade 
Buat expedition 



Hampton roads. 



Galveston 

Mississippi soun 



Cumberland 



South Carolina 
Saiitee 
New Loudon 



460 



VESSELS OAPTUBED Aim DESTEOTBD 



Claea. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where oaptured- 



By what tosmL 



Bloop 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner., 
Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 



Propeller. 
Steamer.. 

Schooner. . 
Steamer.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer. . 
Steamer. . 
Brig 



Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 



Schooner. . 
Schooner. . 
Steamer... 



Steamer.. 
Steamfr.. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Bark 

Schooner. 
Sloop...., 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Dudley or Pink- 
ney 

Darlington 

Dixie 

Deer Islaml 

Director 



Director 

Defiance 

David Crockult. 

Dart 

Dan. 

Diana 

Dove 



1862 

Jan. 10 
Mar. 3 
April 15 
May 13 
May 4 

July — 

Sept. 7 

Oct. 13 

Oct. 6 

Oct. — 

Nov. 26 



Cedar keys 

F'ernandina 

Georgetown 

Mississippi sound. 
York river 



Sapello Bound. 
Charleston.... 
Coast of Texas. 



Pass Cavalo. 



Diana , 

Douro , 

Dolphin , 

D. Sargent.... 

Dart 

Dew Drop 

Don Jose 

Director 

Duoro 

Diamond 

Dashing "Wave. 



Dare 

Defy 

Dee 

Don 

Donegal, or Aus 
tin. 



Delia 

Delphina. 
Deer 



1863. 
Jan. 19 
Mar. 9 
Mar. 25 
Mar. 12 
May 1 
May — 
July 2 
Sept. 30 
Oct. 11 
Sept. 23 
Nov. 5 

1884. 
Jan. 9 
Feb. 3 
Feb. 6 
Mar. 4 

June 6 

1865. 
Feb. 17 
Jan. 22 

Feb. 18 



New Orleans 

Lat. 33°, lon^. 77"^ 
Lat. 19°, long, 65' 

Galveston 

Mobile 



At sea 

Point Eossa 

New inlet 

St. Simon's sound. 
Off Rio Grande... 



Ilatteraa 
Naval expedition 
Keystone State 
Bohio 

Corwin and Cun> 
tuck 

Brazil i era 
America and Flag 
Kensington, dto 



Kittatinny 
Magnolia 

Admiral Farragut 

Quaker City 

Wachusett 

Kittatinny 

Kanawha 

Yazoo expedition 

Juni:ita 

Gem of the Sea 

Nansemond 

Stettin 

Owasco, Virginia. 



Off Doboy light, Ga. 
Near Masonboro'. . . 
OffBcaufort, N. C... 

Off Mobile bay 



Near Bayport, Fla. 
Calcasieu river. ... 

Charleston, S. C... 



Dolly.... 
Denbigh. 



Roanoke river, N. C, 



Elite 

Emily Ann 

Elizabeth Ann.. 
Enchantress.... 

Extra 

Eagle 

Edwin 

Ezilda 

Ewd. Barnard.. 

Empress 

E. J. Waterman 

Express 

Ellen Jane.. 
Eugenia Smith. 



Emma 

Eugenia Smith. 



May 25 

1861 
May 4 
M:iy 14 



Hampton roads. 



Aries 
Midnight 
Cambridge 
Pequot 

Metacomet 

Mahaska 
Chocura 

Monailnock and otb 
ere 

Naval expedition 



Cumberland 



July 22 
Aug. 29 
Aug. 12 



Coast of Virginia. ... Albatross 



Rappahannock 



Sept. 80 
Oct 16 
Nov. 26 
Nov. 30 
Dec. 9 
Dec. 18 
Dec. 7 

1862. 
Jan. 17 
Feb. 7 



Beaufort, N. C 

Barrataria lay 

Pass a I'Outre 

Northeast Pass, Miss 

Tybee light 

Mississippi sound. . . 

Alexandria, Va 

Off Rio Grande 



Coast of Florida.. . . Connecticut 
Lat. 28°, long. 91°.. . Bohio 



Daylight 
Resolute 
Cambridge 
South Carolina 

Vincennes and Misa. 

Savannah 

New London 

Perry 

Santiago de Cub« 



FOB nOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



461 



ClkSB. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vesseL 



Steamer.,.. 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 

Ship 

Propeller... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner... 



Schooner.., 

Steamer.... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner.., 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Armed sch. 
Schooner.., 
Schooner.., 



Ellis 

Edisto 

Elizabeth.... 
Eva Bell.... 

Eolhon, 

Eugenie 

Emily St. Fierre 

Eureka 

Ella Warley. 

Eugenia 

EUaD 

Elizabeth. . . . 



Emily. 



Feb. — 
Feb. 14 

Mar. 14 

Mar. 16 
Mar. 18 
April — 
April 25 

May 20 

May 22 

May 29 

June 26 



Roanoke island. 
BuU'sBay 



Newbern 



Off the Mississippi. 

Charleston 

Potomac river 

Lat. 28°, long. 97°.. 

North Carolina.... 



Charleston. 



Wilmington. 



Emily 

Emma 

Elizabeth 

Eliza 

Elmira C'rnelius 

Eliza 

Elm^er 

Elias Reed 

Emma 



July 
July 
July 
Aug. 
Oct. 



Bull's bay 

Lat. 27% long. 75' 



Charleston. 
Bull's bay.. 



Schooner. , 



Sloop 

Schooner. 



EmmaTuttlc. 

Ell«n 

Exchange 



Schooner 
Schooner 
Sloop...., 

Steamer. , 

Sloop 

Sloop...., 

Schooner, 

Sloop.... 
Steamer., 
Sloop.... 
Schooner 
Schooner 
Steamer. 
Steamer. 

81oop 

Schooner 
Schooner 
Sloop.... 
Steamer. 

Steamer. 

Steamer., 
Schooner 

Steamer. 

Steamer. 



EmmaTuttle.. 
Emily Murray. 
Elizabeth '.. 

Evansville 



Enterprise. 
Express.... 



Aug. 12 

Nov. 5 

Sept. 26 

Nov. 3 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 28 

1863. 

Jan. 27 

Feb. 9 

June 28 

Feb. 12 

Mar. 8 

May 4 



Coast of Texas.. 
Lat. 26°, long. 77 
Velasco, Texas. 

New inlet 



Indian river 

Rappaliannock river 



Emma Amelia.. 

Elias Bcckwith.. 
Eugenie 



Eraeline 

Emily... .... 

Echo 

Eagle 

Emma Bett. . 
Evening Star 

Elizabeth j'June 

Emma 'June 

Emma [July 

Eureka July 

Emma. July 



May 

April 23 Mobile 

May " 

May 

May 

May 

May 

May 

May 



Jupiter inlet 

Carson's landing. . . . 

Coast of S. Carolina 
bay. 



St. AndreAv' 
Fla 



16 At sea 

21 Urbana, Va 

31 Lat. 2.5% long. 83°. 
18 Lat. 25°, long. 77°. 



29 Warsaw sound, Ga. 
14 Lat. 23°, long. 83°. 
19 Mosquito inlet 

3 Cedar keys 

2 Commerce 



Slmira 

Excelsior 

Elizabeth 

Ella and Anna. 



24; Lat. 33°, long. 76°. 



July — I Red river 

July 13 Galveston 

Q^ _iLockwood's Folly tn- 

NOT. 



Rowan's expedition 
Restless 

Rowan's expedition 
)i 

Owasoo 

Blockadi'g squadron 

Potomac flotilla 

Santiago de Cuba 

Iluncliback and 

Whitehead 

Whitehead 

Keyetoie State and 
Jas. Adger 

Mt. Vernon, Penob- 
scot, Mystic, and 
V ictoria 

Restless and Flag 

Adii-ondack 

Hatteras 

Bieuviile 

Flag and Restless. 

Crocker's expedition 

Arthur 

Octorara 

Kittatinny 

M t . Vernon and 
Cambridge 

Sagamore 

Anacostia 

Hope 

Coeur de Lion 
agamore 

Contstoga & Duch- 
ess. 

Sagamore 

Chocura and Marii^ 
tanza. 

Roebuck 

Pembina 
R. R. Cuyler 
Courier 
Cirrrituck, Ac. 
Sunflower 
Octorara 

Yazoo expedition 
Cimarron 
Juniata 
Para 

Fort Henry 
Covington 
Arago, army trans- 
port 
Red River expedite' 
Katahdiu 



"i let. 



Niphon 



462 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Glass. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what veBsel. 



Steamer. . , 



Schooner.., 

Bntiah sch. 
British sch.. 

Schooner.. 
British sch. 
Steamer... 
Schooner.. 

Steamer..., 

Steamer..., 
Schooner.., 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Brig 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Brig 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 

Ship 

Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner . . . 
Schooner. . . 
Steamer.... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner... 
Steamer .... 

Bark 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

^'oop 



Ella 

Eureka — 

Ella , 

Edward. . . 
Exchange. 



Ellen 

Eliza 

Emily , 

Experiment. 

Emma 



1863 

Nov. 10 Off Fort Fisher 

Nov. 22 At Sea 

Masonltoro' inlet, N. 
Carolina 



Nov. 26 
Dec. 24 



Elsie 

Emily 

Eirmia Henry. . . 

Ella 



Elvira 

Eco 

Emma No. 2. 
Egypt Mills.. 



F. W. Johnson. 
Forest King... 

Fanny 

Falcon 

Favorite 

Finland 

Falcon 

Fanny Lee.... 

Fair wind 

Fashion 



Jan. 16 

Jan. 19 

Feb. 10 

May 3 

June 9 

Sept. 4 
Oct. 19 
Dec. 

Dec. 

1865 
Feb. 25 
Feb. 19 
Mar. 20 



Near Suwanee river 
Coast of Texas 



1861. 
June 1 
June 13 
June 23 
July 5 
July 16 
Aug. 26 



Florida. 

Forrest. 
Fanny.. 

Florida. 



ipron. 



Fairplaj 

Floyd.. 

F. J. C; 
Falcon.. 

Florida 

Farren 

Flash 

Fashion 

Fannie Laurie. 

Fanny 

Frances 

Flying Cloud.. 
Flying Fish.... 



Nov. 6 
Aug. 29 
Nov. 29 

Dec 11 

1862. 

Feb. — 



Mar. 10 

Mar. 12 

April 2 

April 29 
April — 
April 6 



May 2 

May 6 

Sept. 4 

Aug. 22 

Oct. 23 

Dec. 29 

Dec. 30 



Off Mobile 

Jupiter inlet, P'la. 
Masonboro' inlet. . 
Coast of Texas . . . 



Near Charlotte har 



At sea 

Off San Luis Pas.s. . . 
Lat. 33°N., long. 77" 

W 

Off Wilmington, N. 

Carolina 



Bull War sound 

Off Galveston, Tex. 
Rodnev, Miss 

Roanoke river, N. C. 



Chesapeake bay 

Key West 

Missi.s.sippi hou' id . . . 

Galveston 

Eastern Shore, Md.. 
Apalachicoia bay 



St. Simon's island. 



Tumbalin light 
house 



Roanoke island. 



Lat. 27° N., long. 84° 
W 

Georgetown, 8. C. . . 

Apalachicoia 



Potomac rivei 
St. Andi-ew's. 



Charleston 



South Edisto . . . . 

St. Simon's 

Coast of Florida. 



Howquah 
Aroostook 

James Adger 

Fox, tender to 8ftB 

Jacinto 
Antona 

Gertrude 

Roebuck 

Florida 

Virginia 

Rosalie, tender to 

Gem of the Sea 
Keystone State, 

Quaker City 
Mobile 

Cherokee 
Emma 



Chenango 
Gertrude 

Naval expedition 

Union 
Mississippi 
Massachusetts 
South Carolina 
Potomac flotilla 
R. R. Cuyler 

St. Lawi'enco 
Quaker City 
Ethan Allen 

South Carolina 



Rowan's expeditkti 

>» 
J. L. Davis 

Gem of the Sea 
Mcroedita and Sa|,-» 

more 
Potomac flotilla 

Pursuit 
Ethan Allen 
Restless 
Hatteras 
Shepherd Kn&pp 
Keystone State 
Sagamore 
Magnolia, 



FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



463 



Olas.. 


Name. 


When 
cap. 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what vessel. 


Schooner... 


Five Brothers... 

Florida 

Florence Night- 
ingale 

Fashion 

Flying Cloud... 

Frolic 


1863. 
Mar. 16 
Jan. 11 
Jan. 13 

May 23 
June 2 
June 25 
June 3 
June 13 

Aug. 12 
Oct. 7 
Sept. 12 
Oct. 2 
Oct. 10? 
Oct. - 
Dec. 1 

1864. 
Jan. 11 
Feb. 10 
Mar. 20 
April 19 
May 3 
May 30 

Aug. 5 

Oct. - 

Oct. 22 

Nov. 27 

1865. 
Jan. 23 
April 11 

April - 


Lat.27''N.,long.77° 
w 


Octorara 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 






Lat. 25° N., long. 77° 
w 


Tioga and Octoram 


Sloop 

Bloop 


Apalaehicola 

Potomac river 

Crystal river, Fla... 

St. Mark's light.... 

Lat. 23° N., long. 83° 

"VT 


Port Royal 
Primrose 
Sagamore and Tw« 


Boat 




Sisters 
Stars and Stripee 

Juniata 


Schooner... 


Fashion 

Flying Scud.... 


Schooner... 


Near Matamoras.. . . 
Red river 


Princess Royal 
Black Hawk 


Steamer. . . . 


Fanny 


Near Pascagoula 

Near Mat: igorda.... 
Off Kio Brazos 


Genesee 


Schooner . . . 


Florrie 


Bermuda 


Schooner... 


Friendship 

Friendship 

F. U. Johnson.. 

Fly 

Fanny <fe Jenny. 
Florida 


Tennessee 


Schooner... 

English sch. 
Steamer.... 

Sloop 

English sch. 
Schooner . . . 
Sloop 

Rebel steam. 

Rebel arm'd 


Off Alexandria, Va. 

Jupiter inlet, Fla... 

Off New inlet 

At sea 


A. Hugel 

Honeysuckle 

Florida 

Honeysuckle 


Off Velasco 


Fred.'the Second 
Fortunate 

Fort Gaines 

Florida 


Off Brazos river 

Near Indian river.. 

Mobile Bay 

Bahia, Brazil 

Off Charleston, S. C. 
Lat, 23° N., long. 97° 
W 


Chocura 
Bermuda 

W. Gulf blockadi u| 
squadron 

W^achusett 


steamer . . 






Schooner... 


Flash 


Princess Royal 


Schooner... 
Sloop 

Rebel 
Iron-clad. 
Steamer.. . 


Fannie McRae. . 
Florida 


Off St. Mark's, Fla.. 
Crys^tal river, Fla.. 

Richmond, Va 

Roanoke river, N.C. 

Hampton roads 

Cape Henry 


Fox 
Sea Bird 


Fredericksburg . 
Fisher 


Naval expedition 

Cumberland 
Quaker City 
I^'iagara 
Dawn 


Schooner . . . 

Bark 

Ship 


George M.Smith 
General Green . . 
General Parkhil] 
General Knox.. 
George G. Baker 

Georgiaiia 

George B. Sluat. 


1861. 
April 24 
June 4 
May 12 
June 25 
July 6 
June 25 
June 5 
June 24 
Aug. 29 
Dec. 28 
Dec. 30 

1862. 
Mar. 29 
Mar. 17 
April 19 

April 2G 




Schooner... 


Galveston 


Soulh Carolin* 
Dawn 


Schooner . . . 


St. Mark's. Fla 

Potomac river 

Rappahannock river 


Mohawk 


Schooner . . . 


Good Egg 


Daylight 


Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 


Garonne 

Grace E. Baker. 
G. H. Smoot.... 
Guide 


Galveston . 




Coast of Cuba 

Potccay creek, N. C. 
Charleston 


R. R. Cuyler 

Hui'chback, Aa 
Huron 


8Wp 


Gondar 


Capture of Fort 


Gemsbok 


Bark 


Glenn 







iU 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



Schooner . . 

Steamer... 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer... 



Gen.C. C. Pink- 
ney 

Gov.A.Moulton 
General Level! . 
Gen. Beauregard 
General Price.. 
General Bragg.. 
G. L. Erocken- 

borourrli 

Graposhot 

G. "W. Green.... 
Gov. Morton.... 



Sloop .... 
Schooner 
Schooner- 

Bark 



Steamer. . 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 

Schooner.. 

Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer., 
Schooner.. 
Schooner., 
Schooner., 

Steamer.. 

Schooner., 
Schooner. , 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 

Bloop 

Steamor. 



Goodluck.. 
Galena.... 
CreorgeW. Grice|Jan. 11 

George Alban.. . Jan, 

Gov. Mouton...'jan 

..Jan. 11 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



May 6 

May 12 
June 6 



Oct. 15 

Nov. 6 
Nov. 16 



1863. 
Jan. 6 



Georgia, 

General Taylor. 

Glide 

Granite City... 

Georgian a 

Gertrude 

Gipsey 

Golden Liuer... 
General Prim... 

Golden Age. . . . . 

Glen 

George 



Where captured. 



Berwick's bay 
Memphis 



Apnlachicola river. 
Chesapeake bay.... 

St. John's river.... 

Cape Florida 



New Orleans 



By what vesseL 



General Worth 

Gold Leaf 

Genei'al Beaure- 
gard 

Grey Jacket.... 



G. Garibaldi.. 
, ..iGen. Sumter. 



Feb. 20 Chesapeake bay. 



Feb. 23 Tybee creek 

Mar. 22 At sea 

Mar. 19 Charleston 

April 16 Eleuthera 

Mar. 20 St. Joseph's bay 

April 27 Morrell's inlet, S. C. 
April 24 Gul f of Mexico 



May 24 
June 



iLat. 35°N., long. 73° 

I W 

July 29 Caloosehatchee river 
Au3 -J^^^- 24°N., long. 82° 

3 ....*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 



Bchooner...|Good Hope 

.. Greyhound 

Gen. Finnegan. 



Sloop..... 

Steamer. 
Steamer. 
Brig 



Schooner. 
Burk 



Schooner. 



Georgiana Mo- 
Caw 

Georgia 

Gezicna Hilli- 
gouda 



Aug. 

Dec. 12'off Wdmington. 



Ottawa 

Hatteras 
Western flotilla 



Fort Henry 

Teazer 

T. A. Ward 

Joint expedition 

Ariel 



Admiral Farragutfs 
fleet 



Crusader and M*- 

haska 
Marblehead Bkni 

Passaic 
Tioga 

Wissahickon 
Vanderbilt 
Ethan Allen 
Monticcllo 
De Soto 
Yazoo Pass expedi- 

tion 

Cambria 
Gem of the Sea 
Sunflower 
Jacob Bell 



Dec. 31 Off Mobile 

1864. I 

Feb. 4 Jupiter inlet 

Mar. 121 Lake George 

April 18 At sea 

May 10 At sea 

May 28 Chashcowltzka river 

June 2,0ffWilm., N. Car. 

Aug. 15 Coast of Portugal.. 
Off Brazos, St. lago, 
Texas 



Dec. 4 

1865. 
Mar. 17 



Gen. Burkhart 

Geo. Douthwaite:Mav 8 

1861. 
II. M. Johnson. iMay 31 



Lat. 26°N., long. 90' 
W 

Coast of Florida. . . . 



Near Cape Lookout, 



Kennebec 

Beauregard 
Datibdil and othera 
Fox, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Connecticut 
Ariel, tender to But 

Jacinto 

Maratanza 

Niagara 

Pembina 



Quaker Ci^ 
Isonomia 

Perry 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



465 



OlaM. 



Schooner.... 
Bark 

Schooner.... 

Brig 

Schooner.. . . 

Brig 

Sloop 

Brigantine. . 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner 

Boat 

Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 

Steamer.... 
Armed sloop 
Schooner.... 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.,.. 
Schooner.... 



Sloop.... 

Sloop.... 

Rebel armed 

steamer. . . 

Schooner... 

Schooner. .. 

Schooner.. . 
Schooner.. . . 

Bloop 

Schooner.... 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner. . 
Sloop 

Bloop 

Bloop 

Schooner,... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer. . . . 

Bloop 

Btaimer.... 



Name. 



Haxall 

Hiawatha 

H. E. Spearing. 
Ilallie Jackson. 

Herbert 

Herald 

H. Day 

HanniihBalch.. 
H. Middleton... 
H. C. Brooks... 
Henry Nutt.... 
Harriet P. E-yan 

Harmony 

Harford 



Henry Lewis... 

Havelock 

Henrietta 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1861 

May * 20 
May 29 
June 10 



July 



Aug. 21 
Sept. 9 



April 24 
Sept. 18 

Nov, 22 

Dec. 15 
Nov. 13 

1862 
May 14 

Mar. 

June 5 



Where captured. 



Hampton roads. . . . 
Mouth Miss, river. 



Coast N. Car 

Potomac river 

Charleston 



By what vessel. 



Hatteras inlet. 



Harriet & Sarah 
Henry Travers. 

Havaua 

Hannah lAug. 12 

Hermosa 'Oct. 

1863. 

Hampton Jan. 13 

Harriet Jan. 22 

Hettiwan Jan. 21 

Home.... 

Hortense. 
Helen.... 



Hart,. 



Handy. 



Harvest 

Hunter 

Helena 

Henry Wolcott. 
Hattie 

Harriet 



H. McGuin 

Havelock (?) 

Herald 

Hebe 

Herald 

Hancock 



Hope 

Hannah 

Henry Colthurst 

Hattie 

Hard Times.... 

Hope 

Hope 



Feb. 18 
Mar. 24 
April 

April 22 

April 30 

May 17 
June 30 
June 22 
June 21 

June 18 

July 18 

June 10 

Sept. — 
Aug, 18 
Oct. 23 
Dec. 24 

1864. 
Feb. 4 
Mar. 11 
Feb. 20 
Mar. 14 
Mar. — 
July 10 
0«t. 22 



Hatteras 

Pope's creek, Md.. 

Mississippi sound. . 

Cape Fear 

Chincoteague 



Newbern, N, Car. 
Lat. 28°N., long, 91< 

W 

Dead Man's bay.... 

Corpus Christi 

Sabine river 



Dividing creek, Va. 
Chuckatuck creek.. 
Charleston 



Lat, 29''N., long. 84' 
W 



Berwick's bay , 

Lat. 26°]Sr., long. 76' 
W , 

Lat. 28°N., long. 75' 
W 

Mobile 



Coast of N. Car 

Lat. 28°N., long. 82° 

W 

Bay St. Louis 

Charleston 



At sea 

Off New inlet, N. C. 
Off Fryingpan shoals 
Tampa bay 



Jupiter inlet 

Off Mosquito inlet.. 

San Luis Pass 

Near St. John's Fla. 
St, Mary's river.... 

Sapelo sound 

(J 11 Wilmington 



Minnesota 

Brooklyn 
Union 

St. Lawrence 
Thomas Freehccm 
Wabash 
Vandalia 
Naval expedition 

*( 
Pawnee 
Gtmsbok 
Resolute 
New London and & 

11. Cuylei 
Jamestown 
Louisiana 

Rowan's expedition 
Bohio 

Isilda 

Arthur 

Connecticut 

Currituck 
Commodore Morris 
Ottowa 



Somerset, &c. 
Naval expedition 
Estrella 

Octorara 

Juniata 

Kanawha, &a 
ipeo 

Satellite 
Florida 

Tahoma 

Vincennes & Clifton 
S, Atlantic blockad'g 

squadron 
Tioga 

Niphon and others 
Calypso 
Sunflower 



Beauregard 

Virginia, 
DaffodU and 
Para 
Ladona 
Eolus 



466 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



CiaBB. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what TesseL 



Rebel sl'r... 

Gunboat uii' 

finished . , 

Schooner.. . , 
Schooner.... 
80 boon er..., 

Schooner. .. 

Brig 

Bchooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner... . 
Schooner. . . 
Brig 



Hampton. 
Halifax... 



1864 



Industry 

Iris 

Island Belle. 

Isabel or W. R, 

King. 

Intended..... 

Ida 



Sloop. 



English Bch, 
Steamer. . . . 

Steamer. . . . 
Steamer.... 

Schooner.., 
Schooner. . , 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.., 
Schoon r... 
Bark 



Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schoout r. 

Bchooner. 
BchooniT. 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Sloop.... 
Schooner. 



Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Brig 

Schoo ler. 



oioop..... 
Soiiuotier. 



Ida 

Inez 

Isabel 

Isabella Thomp- 
son 
Isabella 



Indian. 

Isabel . . 



Ivanhoe. 
Ida 



J. H. Etheridge 
John Hamilton 
Jane Wright. . . , 

Julia , 

Joseph H. Toone 
Judith . . . , 
Jorgen Lorent- 



1861 
May 15 
May 27 
Dec. 31 

1862. 

Feb. 1 

May 1 

July 12 

1863. 
Mar. 4 
April 18 
May 18 
June 19 

May 22 

1864. 
April 10 

May 28 

July 4 
July 8 

1861. 
May 15 
July 5 
Aug. 



Richmond, V"a 

Roanoke river, N. C, 

Hampton roads 

Bull's Island light.. 

Atchafalaya bay 

New inlet, N. Car. . . 
Lat. 26°N., Icmg. 76' 



W. 



Charlotte harb'r Fla, 
Indian River inltt.. 

Mobile 

Lat. 41° N., long 

G7° W 

Wacassasea bay 



At sea 

Oil' Galveston. 



Off Mobile.... 
Sapelo sound. 



Hampton roads 



Naval expeditioB 

Minnesota 

»t 
Augusta 

Montgomerj 

Jamestown 

Mercedita 

J. S. Chambers 
Gem of the Sea 
R. R. Cuyler 
United States 

Fort Henry 

Vicksburg 
Admiral 

Fleet oil Mobile 
Sonoma 

Minnesota 
Daylight, &c. 
Thomas Freebon. 



Jane Campbell. 

J. "W. Wilder.. 

Julia 

Joanna Ward.. 



Oct. 1 
Sept. 13 
Dec. 26 

Dec. 14 

1862. 
Jan. 5 
Jan. 24 
Feb. 24 



J.J. McNeil.... 
Julia Worden . . 

Jesse J. Cox. . . . 

Julia 

Jane 



Jeff. Thompson. 

Jeff. Davis 

John 



J. J. Crittenden 

James Norcon . . 

Josephine 

John Gilpin.... 
John Thompson 
J. C. Uozer 



Potomac river. 

Beaufort, N. Car... Cambridge 

Barrataria bay ' South Carolina 

Pensacola navy yardjBeat expedition frotn 
Lat. 6° N., Long] Colorado 

37° W Morning Light 

Beaufort, N . Car. . . [State of Georgia 



Jan. 25 
Mar. 27 

Mar. 25 
May 11 
May 

June 
Mar. 14 
April 8 

April 10 

Mar. 28 
July 28 



Mobile bar 

New Orleans 

Lat. 30° N. long. 
80° W 

Corpus Chiisti 

Cape Roman pas- 
sage 

Mobile 



R R. Cuyler 
Mercedita, &0. 

Harriet '. 

Arthur 



Pept. 
Dec. 



Lat. 26° N., long. 

83° W 

Memphis 

Newbern 

Pasquotank river, 
NT. Carolina 

Newtogan creek, N 
Carolina 

Little River, N. C. . . 
Ship Island, Miss... 
Mississippi sound . . . 



Wilmington Cambridge 



Cayuga. 
Kittatinny 

R. R. Cuyler. 
Western flotilla 
Vessels in sound* ol 

North Carolina 
Commodore Perry 

&c. 

<i 

Shawsheen, Ac. 

Hatteras 

Katahdin 



FOB VIOLAIION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



46? 



Clftis. 



Nnme. 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner, 
Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Schooner. 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Sloop.. .. 

Schooner. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 



Schooner.. 



Tulia 

John C Calhoun 
J. C. McCabe... 
John Williams.. 



J. D Cark.. 
J<ie Flaniier, 

Juniijer 

Jane Adelie . 
Justlna 



John AValsh. 
Johu Weslev 



Julia. 



Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 

Sloop 

Mexican sch 
Schooner 
Schooner 
Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner . 

Sloop 

Schooner. 



Schooner. . 



Schooner... 

Schooner. . . 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner. 
Slo(^..... 

Sloop. 

Steamer.. 



Mar. 

April 
April 
May- 
April 
April 

May 
June 



James Bittle. 
J. T. Davi.s... 
Juno 



Jenny, 



Jupiter. 



h.m( 



ei ny 

John Soott... 

John Dougla.ss.. 

Josephine , 

Juanita , 

Julia A. Iloil;^c: 

Judson , 

Jupiter 

Julia 

James William 

John 

James Saidy.. 
John A. llazird 



Julia. 
Julia. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



18G,3 
Tan. 
Jan. 



Where captured. 



8 Jupiter inlet 

22 Chuckatuck ci'eok . . 

18 Jame.s river 

19iLat. 26° N., Ion-. 

76° W 

8{ Red river 

24 Mobile 

41 
24 1 Gulf of Mexico 

23 Lat. 28° N., long 
° W 

24 
16 



July 
Aug. 
Sept. 



Josephine. 
John Hale. 



Oct. 6 



Sept. 13 

Oct. — 
Oct. 6 

1864. 
Jan. 7 

Feb. 20 
Mar . 24 
April 11 
April 6 
April 30 
June 27 

July 12 

Sept. 11 

Oct. 28 
Nov. 

Dec. 
Dec. 23 

1865. 
Jan. 14 



R o G rande , 

Off Wilmington, JC 

Car 

Off Rio Grande 



Kate. 
Kate. 

Kate. 
Kate. 
Kate. 
Kate- 



Lat. 28° 

83° W. 

Lat. 25° 

5° W. 



N. 



long, 
long. 



Off Rio Brnzos. 
Const of Texas. 



Off Mo'i 



Off Velasco, Tex is. 
Saversota sound.... 
Off San Luis Tas^... 

Matagordn bay 

Off Mobile bar 

At sea 

Off Sapelo souud. . . . 

Off Galveston 

Off Velasco 

Off Alexandria, Va. 
Lat. 26° N., long. 

96° W 

Near Volasco, Texuf^ 
Alligator creek, S. C. 

Off Brazos, St. lago, 
Texas 

Coast of Florida . . . . 



By what veseeL 



Wilmington 

St. Mark's river..., 



Feb. 

1862. 
April 2 
Dec. 27 

1863. 
Feb. 25 
May 28 Point Isabel light 

June 23 Indian river 

Aug. 1 New Inlet, N. C- 



Sagamore 

Cojnmodore Morrw 
Zouave 

Octorara 

Hartford 
Feinbina 
Kanawha 
De Soto 

Tioga 

Yazoo Pa88 expedi- 
tion 
Circassian 

Tioga 

De Soto, <feo. 
Cayuga 

Connecticut 

Virginia 

CUinarron & Nan- 
tucket 
Tennessee 
Virginia 

Kenneb&c and oth- 
ers 
Penobscot 
Sunflower 
Vircinia 
Estrella 
Conemaugh 
Proteus 
Nipsic 
I'enobscot 
Augusta Dinsmow 
Adolph Hugel 

Fort Morgan 

Chocura 
Acacia 

Seminole 
Matthew Vassar 

Mount Vernon 
[{oebuck 

Potomac flotilla 

Brooklyn 

Pursuit 

James Adger, tte 



468 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTEOTEB 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what 



Steamer. . , 

Steamer... 



Kate Dale. 
Kaskaskia. 



1868 

July 14 



Sloop , 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner.., 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner.. 
Propeller,. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner., 

Schooner,. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner., 

Sloop 

Schooner , . 

Steamer... 

Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Schooner., 

Schooner . . 

Brig 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . 
Schooner. . 

Schooner. . 



Kate Dale. 



Laurie 

Lynchburg — 

Louisa 

Leon 

Louisa 

Louisa Ag^es. 
Lida 



Lizzie Weston . , 
Labuan , 



L3mnhaven. 



Oct. 16 Tampa bay 

1861. 
May 4 1 Hampton roads. . 
May 30 1 Chesapeake bay, 
July 4 " ' 
July 25 
Aug. 11 
Sept, 9 
Dec. 1 

1862. 
Jan. 19 
Feb, 1 

Feb, 



Lion 

Lizzie Taylor... 
Lydia and Mary. 

Lookout 

Lafayette 

Liverpool 

Lewis White- 

morp 

Lucy C. Holmes. 

Lion 

LaCriolla 

Little Rebel 

Louise 



Lucy 

Lilla 

L. Rebecca.. 

Lizzie 

Lodona 

Lonely Bell. 

Louisa 



Bark. 



La Manche. 



Schooner. 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Steamer.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner. 



Sloop 

Schooner. 
Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
8t«aiiktr.. 



Lilly 

Levi Rowe. 



Landie 

Little Magruder, 

Lightning 

Laura Dudley. 
Ladies' Delight 

Linnet 

Lady "Walton, . 
Lizzie 



Galveston. 
Potomac river.. .. 
Cape Fear river . . 
Beaufort, N. Car.. 
Off St. Simonds... 



Feb. 

Mar. 
Mar. 
April 
April 
April 

May 

May 
Mar. 
May 
Tune 
Juno 

June 20 

July 
June 

Aug. 

Aug. 
Mar. 

Aug. 



Aug. 27 

Aug. 31 

Nov. 30 

1863. 

Jan. 19 

Jan. 8 
Mar. 15 

April 2 

May 14 

May 21 

June — 

Julv 15 



Boca Chica 

Elizabeth City, N.C 

Lat.26'' N.,long. 93' 

W 

Ncwbern 

Cape Roman p:i8s:ige 
Potomac river . . . 



Georgetown 



At sea 

Pantago creek, N. C 

Charlfston. 

Memphis 



Lat. 29" N., long. 83' 
W 

Hole in the Wall... 



Coast of North Caro 

Una 

Ossabaw sound..... 
Powell's Point 

Charleston 



Lat. 38° N., long. 69' 
W 

Lat. 21° N., long. 76 
W 

At sea 

Nev? inlet 



New Orleans, La. 
White House.... 



Lat. 2-*' N., long. 86' 
W 

Urbana, Va 

Lat. 26" N., long..H4' 
W 

White river 

Lat. 27° N., long.75< 



R. R. Cuyler 
Mississippi squad 

ron. 
Tahoma and Adelr 

Cumberland 
Quaker City 
South Carolina 
Thomas Freeboi-a 
Penguin 
Cambridge 
Seminole 

Itasca 

Portsmouth 

Delaware 

Kingfisher 

Rowan's expedition 

Restless 
Potomac flotilla 
Pursuit. 
Keystone State 

Colorado 

Santiago de Cuba 
Dclawai'e 
Bienville 
Western flotilla 
Albatros 

Beauregard 

Quaker City 
Bohio 

Penobscot 

Unadilla 
General Putnam 
Bienville and Pern* 
bina 

Ino 

Santiago de Cuba 

W. G. Anderson 
Mount Vernon 

Admiral Farragut'l 

fleet. 
Mahaska, &c. 
Bienville 
McClellan 
Cnri (tuck, &Q 
Union 

Naval boat exp*« 
SftTit.iaco de Cuh« 



FOIt VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



469 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Schooner. . . 
Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 



Lady Maria.... 

Louisville 

Last Trial 



1863 
July 



Bay Poi-t, Fla. 
Red River 



Lizzie Davis... 



Oct. — 
Sept. 16 



Lat. 25° 58' N., lon^ 
85M1'W 



Leviathan , 
Laura...., 



Sept. 22 Off Southwest Pass.. 

1864. 
Jan. 18 Ockocbney river. 



Boat Lydia. 

Schooner... Louisa 



Schooner . . . 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
English sob. 



Sloop 

Steamer.. 



Feb. 11 



Steamer... 

Steamer. . . 

Steamer... 

Schooner . . 
Schooner... 

Steamer... 

Schooner..., 

Schooner.. . , 
Sloop , 

Schooner..., 

Schooner . . , 
Schooner..., 
Schooner..., 

Schooner... 
Schooner.., 
Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Longboat. . . 
Schooner... 

Bark 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sohooaer... 



Linda Mar. 11 

Feb. 28 
Mar. 1 
April 17 
April 21 
June 30 



Lilly 

Lauretta . . . 

Lilly 

Laura 

Last Resort, 



Little Ada. 

Lilian 

Lynx 

Lucy 

Loui.*a 

Louisa 



July 9 



Aug. 

Sept 

Nov. 

Oct. 
Oct. 



Lady Sterling., 
Louisa 



Lucy 

Little Elmere. .. 

Lone 



Louisa 

Lowood 

Lady Hurley. 



Lilly 

Louisa 

Lecompte. . . 
Lady Davis. 



Mary & Virginia 
Mary Willis., 

Mary 

Mary Clinton 
McCanfield.., 

Mary 

Monticello [July 

Morning Star... 

Mary A, ice 

Macao 

Mary Wood.... 
Mary E. Pindar 



Jupiter inlet ; 

Off Brazos River 



Off Mosquito inlet. 

Off Velasco, Texas. 
Off Indian River. . . 
Off Velasco 



Jupiter inlet. 
At sea 



Off New inlet, N. C 

Lat. 32° 40' N., long 

7° 48' W 

Off San Luis Pass... 
12 1 Near Aransas Pass, 



Oct. 31 

Oct. 12 

Oct. 21 
Nov. 9 

Nov. 

Nov. 24 

Dec. 4 

Dec. 6 

1865. 

Jan. 6 

Feb. 18 

May 25 



1861 
May 
May 
May 
May 
July 
July 



Mahal iNov. 15 



Aug. 3 

Sept. 5 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 22 



Off Wilmington 

Off Aransas Pass, 

Off BaypoVtiFia !'.'.! 
Mobjack bay, Va... 
Lat. 28^ N., long. 95'' 

W 

Bar of St. Bernard, . 
Near Velasco, Texas 
Off Velasco, Texas. . 

Off Galveston, Texas 
Arkansas Pass, Texas 
Galveston, Texas... 
Charleston, S. C. . .. 

Hampton Roads 



Mouth of Mississippi 

Galveston 

North Carolina 

Rappahannock river 
Potomac liver 



Mouth of MisHiisippi 
Hatteras in\t 



ILat. 31°N,, long. 80= 
W 



De Soto and othera 
Red river expedite 
Beauregard 

San Jacinto 



De Soto 

Stars and Strip«« 

Beauregard 

Queen 

Beauregard and No*. 

folk packet 
Penobscot 
Roebuck 
Owasco 

Roebuck 
Gettysburg 
Keystone State and 

others 
Niphon and others 

Santiago de Cuba 

Mobile 
Chocura 

Calypso, Eolufl, Fort 
Jackson 

Chocura 

Sea Bird 
Stepping Stones 

Fort Morgan 

Chocura 



Metacomet 
Penobscot 
Cornubia 



Cumberland 
Minnesota 

Powhatan 

South Carolina 

Roanoke 

Daylight 

Freeborn 

Wabash 

Brooklyn & StLoviJ 

Pawnee 

Oemsbok 

Bale 



470 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Clans. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what veMMtL 


Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. .. 
Pilot boat.. 
Schooner... 

Schooner • 


Major Barbour. . 
Mars 

Mary Lewis.... 

Margaret, alias 

Wm. Henry.. 

Magnolia 

Mary Olivia.... 
Monterey 

Mersey 


1862. 
Jan. 28 
Feb. 5 
Jan. 25 

Feb. 6 

Feb. 19 
April 2 
April -- 

April 26 

April 30 


Racoon Point, La... 

Femandina 

Mantle river, Fla. . . 

Isle au Briton 

Pass a rOutre 

Apalachicola 

Potomac river 

Lat. 31° N., long. 79' 


De Soto 
Keystone State 
Kingfisher «fe other? 

Sciota 

Prooklyn and otheri 
Mercedita, i&c. 
Potomac river 

Santiago de Cuba 




Maria 










Schooner. . . 


Alagnct 

Mary Teresa 

Magnolia 

Monitor 

Mary Stewart. . . 
Morning Star... 

Modern Greece.. 

Memphis 

Mail 


Fernandina ... 


Dupont's expedition 

UnadiUa. 

Hatteras 

Anacosiia 

Gem of the Sea 

Bienville 

Cambridge, Stars A 

Stripes 
Magnolia 
Freeborn 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Schooner. . . 


May 10 
May 1 
June — 
June 3 
June 27 
„ 

July 31 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 24 
July 10 


Charleston 

Lerwick bay 

Piankatank river... 

Santee river 

Frying Pan shoals.. 

Near Fort Fisher... 

At sea 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 


Mary Elizabeth. 
Monte Christo.. 
Mary Ann 


Wilmington 

Coast of Texas 


Stars & Stripes, Ac. 
Arthur 

Kensington, «fcc. 
Arthur 
Kensington, &c. 

Essex 

T. A. Ward 
Octorara 

Admiral Farragut'i 
fleet 


Sloop 


Mustang 


Feb. — 
Nov. 12 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 19 
Dec. 25 

1863. 
Jan. 19 

Jan. 22 
Jan. 4 


Coast of Texas 

Sabine Pass 

Baton Rouge 

Bahamas 

New Orleans, La. . . . 


Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Ship 

Bhip 

Sloop 

Sloop 


Mary Grey 

Mont Blanc 

Metropolis 

Milan 


Music 

Mercury 

Matilda 


Chuckatuck creek. . . 


Commodore MoiTis 
Quaker City 
Henry Janes, &c. 

Tahoma, &c. 

Queen of the West 


Matagorda bay 

Lat. 27° N., long. 8,3° 
W 

Mississippi river.... 


Schooner.... 


Margaret 


Feb. 1 

Feb. 3 
Feb. 23 
Feb. 18 

Jan. 28 

Mar. 24 

April 6 

April 13 

April 8 
April 20 
April 19 
April 24 
May 13- 

14 
May 17 
May 19 
June 1 
May 19 




Mail 




Brig 

Brig 


Minna 


Shallot inlet 

Lat. 22° N., long. 28* 

W 

Wilmington 


A' ictoria 


Magic ienne 

Mary Jane 

Minnie 


Onward 

State of Georgia, fto. 

Huntsville. 


Schooner. . . 


Lat. 2ti* N., long. 82° 


Schooner... 


Mattie 


Lat. 23° N., long 83° 
W 


Annie 


Schooner. . . 
Brig 


Maggie Fulton . 


Indian river inlet... 
Pull's bay 


Gem of the Sea 


Major E. Willis 
Martha Ann.... 

Maria Bishop... 
Mignionelte.... 

Mississippian . . . 


Charleston 


Powhatan 


Schooner.... 


Chesapeake ba\' 

Urbana, Va 

At sea 


Western World, *«. 
Cuirituck, &c. 

Courier 


Schooner.... 
Schooner.. . . 


I'iney Point 

Lawson's bay, Va... 
Gulf of Mexico 


Sophronia 
Primrose, &o. 
De Soto 



FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



471 



Ulass. 



Steamer... 
Steamer... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner . 



Steamer... 

Sloop 

Steamer... 



Name. 



Schooner.. . . 
Schooner.... 
British stmr 
British stmr 

Steamer.. 

Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. 



Mobile 

Magnolia 

Miiry Jane 

Miriam 

Merrimack 

Massachusett s . 

Music 

|Montt<inieiy... 

Mack Canfield. 

May 

Mail 

Martha Jane... 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



June 18 



July 
July 
Sept. 
Sept. 



Aug. 25 



Margaret and 

Jessie 

Malamoras 

Marshal J.Smith 
Maria Alberta.. 



Sloop 

Schooner. 



Steamer. 



Schooner. 



Steamer.. 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
British Bch.. 

Schooner.., 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 
British sch. 



Oct. 
Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 
Dec. 

Nov. 



Where captured. 



Yazoo City. 



Clearwater harbor.. 

Brazos Santiago 

New inlet, N. C... 

Baltimore, Md 

Potomac river 

Lat.2S'3'2' N., long 

89°12'W ■ 

Rio Grande • 



By what vessel. 



At sea 

Near Cedar Keys. . 

Off Wilmington . . 



Magnolia.. 
Mary Ann. 
Minna 



Dec. 16 
Nov. 26 



Mary Campbell. 



Mayflower. . . . 

'Minnie 

Maria Louise 

Mary 

Mary Ann... 
M. P. Burton... 



Off Rio Grande. 
Off Mobile. 



27 



Bay port, Florida.... 
long, 



Dec. 



Nov. 

1864 
Jan. 13 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Mar. 
Mar. 



long, 



Lat. 26° iry N 

82° W , 

Lat. 26° 22' N 

97' W 

Lat 23° 48' N., long 

78° 3' "W 

Near Pensacola 



Yazoo PasB exped'n 

Tahoma 
Itasca 
Iroquois 
Yankee 
Adolph Hugel 
De Soto 

"W. G. Anderson 
Cceur de Lion, &c. 
Honduras & others 
Anne, tender to Fort 

Henry 
Keystone State and 

others 
Owasco and Virginia 
Kennebec 
Two Sisters, tendel 

to San Jacinto 
Ariel, tender to San 

Jacinto 
Antona 

Circassian 

Bermuda 



Sarasope Pass, Fla 
Mosquito inlet.... 
Jupiter inlet 



Off Wilmington. 
Lat. 28° 50' N., long. 

95° 5' W 

Gulf of Mexico.. 



Eng. steamer Minnie.... 
English sch. I Miriam. . . 
M. O'Neill 



Marion Mar. 12 

Marv Sorlev.. . .April 4 Off Galvesto 

■»r__j„ .\i*..,^,q . Lat. 28 oU iN., long. 

95°5W 

May 9 Lat 34° N., long. 75° 

I 28'W 

April- 29 I.at. 25° 25' N., long. 
*^ ' 84' 30 W 



Maria Alfred. 



Schooner. 



Steamer... 
Steamer... 



Schooner.. 
Schooner ., 



Schooner. 



Matagorda. 
Matagorda. 



Sloop 

Schooner., 



May 

July 
Sept. 



Mary Bowers. 
Medera 



Mary. 



Mary Ann. 
Morris 



Mary Ellen. 



Oct. 29 

Dec. 8 

Dec. 3 

Dec. 
Deo. 1 
1865. 
Jan. 



slOff Washington, N. 

Carolina. 
8 Off coast of Texas.. 
lO'Lat. 22° 50' N., long 
85' 47' W. 
Off Charleston, S. C 



Union 

Beauregard 

Roebuck 

Grand Gulf 
Aroostook 



Scioto 

Nyanza 

Rachel 



Connecticut 
Honeysuckle 

Valley City 



Pascagoular bar. . 

N., long. 78° 



Kanawha and othew 
Magnolia 

S. Atlantic Bloot 

Squad i-on 
J. P. Jackson Ms* 

Stockdale 
Mackinaw 



Lat. 32 

W. I 

Off Pass Cabello, Tex Itasca 
Gulf of Mexico PocahontM 

Off Volasco, Texas.-lKaiiftwhs 



472 



VESSELS CAPTUBED AND DESTEOTED 



ClftM. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what 



Schooner. 
Schooner, 



Schooner.. 

Schooner.. 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 
Steamer.. 
Iron-clad 
(rebel) 
Steamer,. 



Matilda. 

Mary Agnes..., 

Matilde 

Malta 



Mary.... 
Morgan. , 
Mab 

Missouri. 



1865 
Feb. 11 
Feb. 18 

Feb. 11 

Mar. 3 

Mar. 16 



Off Pass Cabello, Tex 
Aransas Pass, Texas 

Near Pass Cabello, 

Texas. 
Bayou Vermillion, 

Louisiana. 
Indian river, Fla... 



Penobscot 



Glide 
Pursuit 



Ship. 
Brig. 



Mary T. Cotton, 

North Carolina, 
Nahum Stetson. 



Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 
Schooner., 



Napoleon. . . 
New I.slanci. 
Newcastle.,. 



Sloop 

Steamer,. 

Brig 

Schooner. . 

Schooner.. 

Schooner. 
Steamer.. 



New Eag'e 

Nassau 

Napier 

Nathan' 1 Taylor 



Nellie 

Nonsuch 

Neustra Souora 

de Rogla. 
Naniope 



Steamer. 
Steamer. 
Sloop. . . . 



Schooner., 
Schooner.. 
Schooner.. 

Steamer.. 
Schooner.. 
Steamer,. 
Bteamc r.. 



Ateamer,. 
Steamer,, 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer.. 
Schnouer , 



Nashville,. 
Nicoiai 1st, 
Neptune. . . 



Nellie 

New Year, 
NymjDh.... 
Natchez... 
Nanjemoy. 

Nita 

Neptune. , . 



June 3 



1861. 
May 14 
June 19 



Mar. 14 
April 2 
May 11 

May 15 
May 28 
July 29 
April 8 

Sept. 23 
Dec 1 



1863 
Feb. 28 
Mar, 21 
April 19 

Mar. 29 
April 26 
April 22 
May — 
July 15 
Aug. 17 
June 14 



Charleston, S. C 

Red river , 



Hampton roads.. 
Mouth of Mississippi. 
river. 



Newborn 

Apalachicola 

Lat.23° N,, long, 83' 
W. 

Coast of Cuba 

Wilmington 



Pasquotank river, N. 

Carolina. 
Ossabaw Souml, Ga. 

Bahama Banks 

Port Royal ; 



Minnesota 
Brooklyn, (kc. 



Rowan's expedition 
Mercedita, &c. 
Bainbridge 

Sea Foam 

State of Georgia, &c. 
Mount Vernon, &r 
Commodore Perry, 

&c. 
Alabama 
Tioga 
General 

&c. 
Diana 



Shemuui, 



Fort McAllister., 
Cape Fear rivei . 
Charleston. 



Port Royal.... 

Tortugas 

Coast of Texa.- 



Cone river 

Gulf of Mexico 

Lat. 25° N., long. 85' 
W. 



Nutfield 

Nan-Nan.... 

Nina 

Neptune 

Night Hawk. 



1864 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

May 

Sept, 



Neptune Nov 



New river inlet, 
Suwannee river, 
Indian river.,.,, 
Tampa bay 



Steamer., 

Iron-clad 

(rebel).. 



Bark 

Sohooner., 



Nanseraond. . 
Nashville,... 



Octavia 

Olive Branch. 



1865. 
April — 
May 10 

1861. 
May 16 
June 28 



Off Brazos de Santi- 
ago, Texas. 



Montauk 

Victoria, &c, 

S. Atlantic Block. 

Squadron 
South Carolina 
Sagamore 
Rachel Seaman 
Yazoo Pass exped*R 
Yankee 
De Soto 
Lackawanna 



Sassacua 
Nita 
Boebuok 
Suntiuwer 
Nip lion 
I'rincess Royal 



Riclmiond, Va. 



Hampton road**.. 
Mississippi sonnd. 



Star 
Massa<jhusett« 



FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



473 



OlBBB. 



Name. 



When 
caj)- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what veeBeL 



Schooner. . . 

Pungy 

Schooner.... 
Sloop 



Ocean "Wave..,. 
Ocean Wave.... 

OUve 

Oaceola 



Schooner. .. 
Schoonur.... 

Sloop 

Steamex-.... 

Sloop 

Bchooner.... 



Olive Branch... 

Ocilla. 

O. K 

Old North State. 

Octavia 

Orion 



Steamer 

Schooner.... 

Barkantine. 

Schooner... 

Schooner. 

Steamer 

British sch.. 



Ouachita. . 
Orion 



Ocean Eagle.... 
Odd Fellow 



Oliver S, Breeze 

Oconee 

Ocean Bird 



Sloop 

Eng. schn'r. 
Schooner... 

ScLooner... 

Bark 

Ship 

Bark 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Schooner.., 

Schooner... 
8«.'.hooner. . , 

Sloop , 

Schooner.., 
Steamer... . 

Sloop , 

Steamer... 
8ch<x)ner.., 
Schooner.., 
Schooner... 

Steamer..., 

Schooner.., 

Sloop 

Boat 

Bloop 

Schooner.. 
Steamer... 
Steamer... 
oteamer... 
«loop, 



1861 
Sept. 9 
July 18 
Nov. 22 
Dec. 9 

1862. 
Jan, 21 
Jan. 10 
Feb. — 
Mar. 14 
April 2 
July 24 

Oct. 14 
Dec. — 

1863. 
Jan. 19 

April 15 



Hatteras inlet.... 
Potomac river. . . . 
Mississippi sound. 



Coast of Florida... 
Cedar Keys 



Newbern ,, 

Appalachicola 

Lat. 22° N., long. 87' 
W. 

Coast of Carolina. . , 



New Orleans. 



O. K. 

Oramoneta. 



Oregon. 



Pioneer 

Pertlisbire 

Pilgiim 

I'eti-el 

Prince Leopold, 
Prince Alfred.., 
Prince of Wales 

P. A. Sanders. . 

Palma 

Pioneer , 

President , 

P. C. Wallis..., 

Poody 

Patrat* 

Providence 

Princeton 

Planter 

Post Boy 

Pathfinder 

Pointer 

Trize 



May ] 
Aug. ■ 

Oct. : 

1864. 
May 

April ; 
April ] 

Aug. i 
1861 
May 
June 
Juno 
July 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Dec. 



Potter 

Pride 

Pearl 

Princess Royal 

Peterholl' 

Petee 



Little River inlet, N, 
Carolina. 

Anclote Key 

Near Savannah 

Otf St. Augustine in- 
let. 

Lat. 26° 5' N., long 

83° 20' W. 
Coast of Florida.... 
Otf St. Augustine, 

Florida. 
Biloxi bay 



Resolute 

New London, &0. 



Kingfisher, Ac. 

Hatteras 
Santiago de Cuba 
Rowan's expedition 
Mercedita 
Quaker City 

Memphis 
Calhoun 

Admiral Farragut'a 

fleet 
Monticello 

Two Sisters 

Norfolk packet 



Mar. 14 



Hampton roads 

Oulf of Mexico 

Pass a I'Outre 

Charleston 

New York 

Hatteras inlet 

Georgetown 



Newbern. 



Feb. 
Mar. 



April 4 
May 17 
May 26 
May 29 
June 
May 

Mar. 14 

Nov. 2 
Oct. 31 
Dec. 5 
1863. 
June 3 
June 21 
June 20 
June 29 
Feb. 25 
Mar. 10 



Rio Grande 

Missis.sippi river. 
Pass Christiana. . 
Vermillion bay.. 
Charleston 



fort n gas banks... 
Pamunkey river 



Fox, tender to 8. 

Jacinto 
Union 
Beauregard 

Narcissus 

Minnesota. 

Massachusetts. 

Brooklyn. 

St. Lawrence. 

( oUector of the port 

Susquehanna 

Uem of the Sea 

Rowan's expedition 

» 
Portsmouth 
Owasco 
Hatteras, &c. 
Hatteras 
Bienville 

» 
Susquehanna 
Currituck 
Vessels in sounds of 

N. Carolina 
Penobscot 
Reliance 
Octorara 



Potomac river Currituck 

Frying Pan shoals. . Chocui-a 

Tioga 

Charl esto n ! Unadilla. &o. 

St. Thumafl iVanderbilt 

Gem of the Sea 



474 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESntOYED 



Glass. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vesBeL 



Schooner. 
Schooner. 



Pacifique.... 
Pushmataha. . . . 



Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer. . . . 
Steamer. . . . 

Sloop 

Steamer.... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 

Small boat.. 

Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Steamer 

Rebel steam. 

Ram 

Schooner . . . 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 
Armed rebel 
schooner.. 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner . . . 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner... 
Schooner. .. 
Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Brig 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Sloop 



I Powerful . 
Phantom - 



Presto . 
Pet.... 



Per sis 

Pevensey... 
Pocahontas . 



Prince Albert. . . 

Pancha Larispa, 

Peep O'Day.... 

Petrel 

Pickwick 



Mar. 
June 

June 
Dec. 

Sept. 

1864 
Feb. 

Feb. 

Mar. 
June 
July 



Oct. 29 

Oct. 27 



27 8t. Mark's 

ISTortugas 

jgjLat. 27° N., long. 86° 



W. 



20 Suwannee river... 



Near Rich inlet, N. 
Carolina 



2 Sullivan's island.. 



10 



Pet 

Phantom 

Philadelphia.... 
Patrick Henry . 

Qu'noftheWest 



Ring Dove.... 
Richard Lacey. 
Remittance.... 

Revere 

Reindeer 

Royal Yacht... 



Dec. 15 
Dec. 6 

1865. 
Feb. 7 
Mar. 3 
Jan. — 
April - 

1863. 
April - 

18()1. 
July 16 



Aug. 28 
Sept. 10 



Rattler 

Rose 

Reindeot' 

R. C. Files 

Rebecca 

Rowena 

Rich'd O. Bryan 

Resolution 

Reindeer 

Reliance 

Rambler 



Rising Sun..., 

Revere 

Robert Bruce 

Reindeer 

Racer 



Rising Dawn... 
Richarda 



Nov. 7 

1862. 
Jan. 10 
April 2 
April 20 

May 29 
June 6 
June 4 
AprU 4 
July 9 
July 21 

Sept. 9 

Sept. 5 

Oct. 11 

Oct. 22 

Sept. 17 

Oct. 30 

1863. 

Jan. 10 

Feb I 



Off Lockwood's Fol- 
ly inlet 

Off Was^aw sound, 
Ga 



Off Charleston, 8. C. 

Off Ve'asoo, Texas.. 

Near Indian river, 

Fla 

New inlet, N. C 

Coast of Florida. . . . 



Galveston bay , 

Suwannee river 

Sounds of N. Car.., 
Richmond, Va , 



Red river, Ark. 



Eastern Shore, Md. 
Potomac river 



Beaufort, N. C 



Galveston. 



Cedar Keys.,.. 
Appalachicola . . 
Potomac river.. 

Mobile 

Charleston 

Stono inlet 

Coast of Texas., 
Pass Christian.. 
Coast of Texas.. 



Lat. 28° N., long. 94' 
W 



Cape Fear river. . . . 
Shallot inlet, N. C 

Newinl'etVN.'c!!!!! 



Bocos Grande 



Sweet 



Stars and Stripes 
Sunflower 

Lackawanna 

Fox, tender to S. Ja* 

ciiito 

Connecticut 

Lehigh and others 
Montgomery 

MasbachuBetts and 
others 

Newbem 

Azalia and 
Brier 

8. Atlantic Blockad- 
ing squadron 

Sciota 

Pursuit 



Sunflower 

Boat expedition 
Honeysuckle 



Estrella, &c. 

Potomac flotUJa 
Thomas Freeborn 
Yankee 
Cambridge 
Dart 

Expedition froii 
Santee 

Hatteras 
Mercedita., &o. 
Potomac flotilla 
Kanawha 
Bienville 

Pawnee and othem 
Rhode Island 
Hatteras 
Arthur 
Huntsville 

Connecticut 

Wyandank 

Monticello, &o. 

Penobscot 

W. G. Andenwn 

Daylight 

Octorara 
Two Sister* 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



476 



Olattt). 



Schooner. . , 
Steamer.... 
Sloop 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Schooner. . . 

Scbooiicr... 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Steamer 

Ram 

Sloop 

Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Sloop 

Schooner... 
Steamer.... 

British sch.. 
Mexican sch 



Steamer . . . 
Schooner.. 

Steamer.... 

Sloop 

Schooner.. 

Sloop 

Sloop , 

Steamer... 
Lritish sch. 



Name. 



Fcl>. 
Mar. 



Mar. 
Mar. 



Rowena 

Rose Hamilton. 
Relanpagi 

Rosalie 

Ranger 

Rising Dawn... 
Royal Yacht.... 

Ripple 

Rapid 

R. J. Lockland. May 24 

Republic , 

Richard Vaux. 
Rebekah 



When 

cap- Where capturecL 
tured. 



1865 I 



April 15 
Mav 18 
April 24 



Relenipagc. 

Rovetige .... 
Renshaw.... 

Richard 

Rolicrt Knowlcs 
R. E. Lee, for- 
merly Girafl'e 
Ring Dove..., 
Raton del Kilo 



June 20 
June 18 

14 



British st'r. 



Sloop 
81oop 



Steamer... 
Schooner.., 

Iron-clad, 

rebel. 
Irun-clad, 

rebel. 
Brig 



Schooner. . . 
Schooner.., 

Bark 

Schooner... 

Bark 

Schooner.., 



RoHita... 
Roebuck. 



Ranger 

Racer 

Rebel 

Rosiua 

Resolute 

Rose 

R.S. lluod. 



Rou( 



Racer .. 
Reliance 



Ruby.... 
RobRov 



Richmond. 



Roanoke 

R. H. Vcrmilyea 



Soledad Cos 

Sarah and Mary 
Star 

Savannah 

Sallie Magee 

Sally Mears.... 



Carson's landing.. . . 
Charlotteharbor,Fla 
Lat. 26' N., long. 7G= 



Crystal river 

New inlet 

Galveston 

Mobile 

Gulf of Mexico. 



By what Teawl. 



Yazoo City 

Potomac river 

Lat. 27° N., long. 83» 

W 

Lat. 25° N., long. 82° 

W 

Calcasieu 

Washington, N. C. . 
Charlotte harbor. .^ 



New Era 
Couestoga, &c. 
J. S. Chambers 

Octorara 

Fort Henry, &«, 

Mount Vernon, A^ 

W. G. Anderson 

Kanawha 

De Soto 

Yazoo Pass exped'n 



July 

July 21 
July — 
Aug. 31 
Sept. 15 
Nov. 9i OH" Wilmington.... 

Dec. 17 1 Off Indian river, Fla 
Dec. 3i East of Padi-e Island, 
Texas . 
1864. I 

Jan. 28Gulf 

7!Lat.2C°23' N.; long. 
I 83° 59' W. 
11 Near Lock wood's 

I Folly inlet. 
31 OllCai).' Caiuiveral. 
29 Intlian river 



Jan. 
Jan. 



Jan. 

Feb. 



April 13 San Luis Pu.s.s 



May 12 1 Cape Canaveral 

June 2 Oil Gcorget(i\\n 

June 9 L:it. l.'8° 2 N. ; long. 
77° W. 
2|Lat.32°5(VN. ; long. 

I 75° 40- W. 
2 Ott null's Bay...... 

9 Mobjack buy, Va... 

Feb. 27'Atsea 

Mar. 2 Steinh.tr-chis river, 
Fla. 
Richmond, T»!. 



July 

Aug. 
Nov. 
1865. 



Primrose 

|j. S. Chambers 

i 

Jasmine 

Owasco 
Louisiana 
Gem of the Sea 
Cceur de Leon 
James Adger 

Roebuck 
New London 



Western Metropoliu 

San Jacinto 

I 

.Minnesota and oti>- 

I ers 

Beauregard 
Roebuck 
I Virginia 
Bcauri gard 
Wam6utta 
I Proteus 

Keystone state 

'llope 
Stepping 8t«*«* 

Proteus 
Fox 



April — 
April — 



Mar. 12 Lat. 27° N.. long. 

w. ■ 

1801. 

Sept. 11 1 Galveston 

May 1 1 Hampton roads.. 

May n!.... „ 

June 3 Charleston 

June 26 Hampton roads.. 
July 1 , 



Quaker Oity 



South CarolJiui 

Cumberland 

Minnesota 

Peiry 

Quaker City 

Minnesota 



476 



VESSELS CAPTURED AiTD DESTROYED 



Olaua. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what veMeL 


Schooner... 


Sam Houston... 
Sliark 


1861 
July 7 
J-uly 4 
June 26 
Aug. 3 
Sept. 10 
Sept. 28 
Oct. 12 

Oct. 13 
June 8 


Galveston 

Eattlesiiake shoals.. 

Wilmington 

Hatteras inlet 


South Carolina 


Bark 

Schooner... 
Schooner.., 


Solferino 

Sarah Starr 

Susan Jaiie 

San Juan 

Specie. ........ 


Vandalia, &c. 

Wabash 

Pawnee 


Schooner. . 


Lat. 31° N., long. 80° 
W. 

Tortugas 

Maryland 


Dale 




Salvor 


Key^stone State 
Resolute 


Schooner 


Somerset 

S. T. Garrison.. 


Scliooner... 
Schooner... 


Sarah & Carol'e 
Stephen Hart. . , 
Stag 


Dec, 11 

1862. 
Jan. 29 

Jan. 10 


St. John's river 

Lat. 24* N., long. 82° 
W. 

Cedar keys 

liayou Lafourche... 

Roanoke island 

West coast of Fla... 
Newbcrn.. , .. . .... 


Rienville 
Supply 


Schooner... 
Steamer.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner . . 


Star 

Nea Bird 

Spitfire 

Sarah A. Fal- 
coner. 

Sarah Ann 

Sidney C. Jones 

Sea Foam 

Southern Inde- 
.pendence. 


Feb. 8 
Feb. - 
Mar. - 
Mar. 14 

April — 

April 10 

May 1 
May 24 

>i 

May 15 
Jime 5 


De Soto 

Rowan's expedition 
Ethan Allen 
Rowan's expedition 

Potomac flotilla 

;; 

Kanawha 


Schooner.... 
Schooner. . . . 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 


Totomac river 

6*ff Mobile. ..!!!".'.!* 






Onward 


Steamer.... 


Stettin 




Steamer.. . . 


Swan 


Lat. 23° N., long. 82° 
W. 

Coast of Cuba 

Memphis 


Bain bridge, &o. 
Sea Foam 


Sloop 

Steamer.... 


Si»rah.. ........ 


Sovereign 








Schooner . . . 


Sereta 


June 14 Sbfiiiow iTiipt Tsr n 


Penobscot 
Keystone State, &c. 
Hatteras 
Vessels in sounds oi 

N. Carolina 
General Putnam 


Steamer 


Sarah 


June 20 
June 3 




Steamer .... 


Sarah 


Berwick bay 

NewlKjrn 

Indian Town, N. C. 


Steamer.... 

Steamer 

Steamer. . . . 


Susan Ann How- 
ard. 
Scupper noug. . . 
Sahme 


Mar. 14 

June 9 
April 19 
Aug. 11 
Sept. 22 
Sept. 28 
Feb. - 
Oct. 24 
Nov. 4 
Nov. 16 
Dec. — 

1803. 
Jan. 19 

Jan. 8 
Feb. 20 
Feb. 3 

Mar. 30 
Mar. 13 


Steamer.... 


S. C. Jones 

Southerner 

Sunbeam 

Swan . . 

Scotia 






Steamer,... 
Steamer.... 

aioop 

Steamer.... 


Cone river 

New inlet, N. C 

Coast of Tex.-Ls 

Bull's bay 


Wyandank 

State of Georgia, &o 

Arthur 

Restless 

Daylight, &c. . 

T. A. Ward 


Bark 




Masonborough inlet 


Sloop 

Steamer.... 


S. W. Green . . . 
Southern Mer- 
chant. 

St Charles 


Steamer .... 


New Orleans, La... 


Admiral Farxaest's 
fleet ^ 


Steamer.... 
Schooner.. . . 


Sallie Kobinson. 
Silas Henry.... 

Stonewall 

Springbok 

Sue 


Bark 

Schooner... 

Schooner. ,. 


Point Rosa, Florida. 
Lat. 25° N., long. 73° 

Little River inlet... 
Lat. 26° N., long. 83° 
W. 


Julia, &c. 
Sonoma 

Monticello 


Bchooner... 


SiirprLse 


Huntsville 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



47V 



Class. 



Steamer.... 
Schooner... 
Schooner.. . 
Schooner... 
Schooner... 

Schooner... 
Sloop. 



Steamer.,.. 
BteannT.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Schooner — 
Schooner — 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 
Steamer.... 

Steamer.... 
British bark 
British sch 
Bark 



British sch 

Ena:. scli'ner 

Schooner.... 

Steamer.. .. 

Steamer.... 

Schooner... 

Steamer.... 



Name. 



St. John's 

St. Georpe 

Samuel First. . . 
Sarah Lavinia. 
Sea Bird 



Sea Lion 

Seoesh 

Scotland 

Star of the West 

Star 

Sea Drift 

Statesman 

Sarah 

Southern Star.. 
Southern Eights 

Shot 

Sir William Peel 

St. Mai7's 

Spauld;i3g 



Scottish Chief., 

Saxon 

Sallie , 

Science , 



Silvanus. 
Susan.... 

Swift 

St. Mary' 
Spunky.. 
Stingray. 
Scotia... 



Schooner . . . Sophia 

Bchoonei... Sylphide ... 

Bloop Swallow.... 

Schooner.. . . Spunliy 

Steamer. . . . j Siren 



Sloop 

Steamer.... 

Schooner..., 

Schooner.., 
Steamer..., 
Schooner.., 

Steamer 

Steamer..., 
Schooner.. 
Schooner. . 

Brig 

Rebel stm'i 
Rebel stm': 



Sarah Mary. 
Selma 



Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 
flchooner.. . 



Sea Witch. 



Sybil 

Susanna. . 
Sorts 



Stag 

Syren. 

Salvador 

Sort 

Sar. M. Newhall 
Shrapnell.... 
Spray 



Theresa C... 
Tiopic Wind. 
Tros Freres... 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



1861 

April 181 Cape K,omain inlet.. 
April 22iFort Fisher, N. C... 

May ti! Potomac river 

May SJCurritoman river... 
Mav 13 Lai . 29° N., long. 87° 
W. 

Mobile 

Charleston 



May 
May 
May 



May oO 
June 22 
June 6 
May 
Aug. 



Brazos Santiago. . . 

Matagorda island. 

Tampa, Florida.. 

28 ' Great AVicomico . . 

6iSt. Mi.rtin'sreeC. 



Aug. 8 Gilbert's bar. 



Aug. — 



Oct. 

Oct. 
Oct 
Dec. 
Nov. 

1864 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 



Off Rio Grande 

Yazoo City 

Lat. 31° N., long. 
I 80° W. 

16j Tampa bay 

30| Coast of Africa 

20' (^tf Wilmington 

5,0tf Rio Grande 



Feb. 
Mar. 1 

Mar. 3 

Mar. 9 

"Mar. 20 

April 7 

June 5 

June 26 
Aug. 5 

Dec. 31 

Nov. 21 
Nov. 27 
Dec. 10 

1865. 
Jan. 19 
Feb. 18 
Feb. 25 
Feb. 28 



2lDoboy sound, Ga... 
ll'iOff Jupiter inlet.... 

9|Wassaw sound 

St. John's river 

Fort Caswell, N. C 

29iOfr Velasoo. Texas.. 

Lat. 32° 34' W., long, 

77° 18' W. 
Altamaha sound, Ga. 
Off Coast of Texas, 
Off FlbowLiu'ht..., 
Off Cape Canaveral 
South of Cape Loot 
out. 

Mo.?quito inlet 

Mobile bay 



April • 



1861 
May 4 

May 2( 
June 23 



By wfeat vefl06l. 



Lat. 2/ 

w. 



N., long. 93' 



Off Campeachy b'ks 
Anclote keys 



Cape Fear river.. 
Charleston, S. C. 

At sea 

Cedar keys, Fla.., 
S. A. squadron.., 
Richmond, Va.. . , 



llampluu luadrt... 
Mississippi boxuid. 



Stettin 

Mount Vernon, Ae. 

Dragon 

Primrose 

De Soto 

Aroostook, &a 
Canaudaigua 
Yazoo Pass ezped'n 

Bt-ooklyn 

Itasca. 

Tahoma 

Satellite 

Fort Henry 

Sagamore 

Seminole 

Mississippi squadr'n 
Union 

Tahoma and Adela 
Vanderbilt 
Connecticut 
Owasco & Virginia 

Huron 

Roebuck 

Patapsco 

Norwich and others 

Penobscot 
Connecticut 

Dan Smith & others 

Virginia 

Tioga 

Beauregard 

Keystone State 

Norfolk packet 
W. Gulf blockadSM 
I squadron 
jMetacomet 

I Iosco 
Metacomet 
O. H. Lee 

Malvern & othara 
Gladiolus & others 
Marigold 
Honeysuckle 



Cumberland 

[Minnesota 

IMahsachusetta 



478 



VESSELS CAPTURED Al^D DESTROYED 



Class. 



Name. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vessel. 



Schooner,., 
Schoonei'... 
Bchoouor... 

Sloop 

Ship 

Sloop 

Span, bark., 
Schoonei'.... 
Steamer 

Schooner 

Tug 

Schooner.. . . 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Schooner.... 

Schooner. . . 



Steamer... . 



Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 



Srhooner., 
Schooner.. 



Steamer... . 
Steamer.... 
Span. bark.. 

British sloop 
Schooner... 
Steamer... . 

Steamer.... 

Eng. sch'ner 

Rebel ram.. 

Bchooner.... 



Tom Hicks 

T. J. Chambers. 

Teaser 

T. J. Evans 

Thomas Watson 
T. W. Riley.... 

Tercsita 

Theo. Stoney... 
Tubal Cain 



Telegi-aph 

Teaser 

Troy 

Thomas Reilly. 
'JVo Sisters. . . . 
Theresa 



Trier 

Tobacco, 4 bi 



Tennessee. 



Time... 

Thcresn 



Tampico 

Three Urotliers. 
Tiu'peniine, 11 
barrels. 

Tom Sugg 

Three Brothers. 
Teresita 



Triumph. 



Sloop Telemico 



Two Brothers. .. 
Three Brothers. 
Tristr'm Shandy 

Thistle 



Terrapin. . . 
Tennessee. 



1861 
July 9 



Galveston. 



July 5 

Sept. 1 

Oct. 15 

Nov. 6 

18(>2 . 

Jan. 3U 

Feb. 14 

July 24 



South Carolina 
Dana 



Potomac river. 

I'hesapeake bay I ,, 

Charleston Roanoke, &0. 

Rappahannock livcr Cambridge 



Yucatan bank 

Bull's bay 

Lat. 31° N., long. 7b° 
\V. 



uly 4 

Aug. 13 

Oct. — 

Sept. 21 

Sept. 4 

Oct. 28 



.lames river 

Sabine I'ass 

Quantico Creek 

Rio Urando 

Lat. 28° N., lung, bo" 



Rebel ram . 

Steamer. . . . 

Schooner.. 

Schooner . . 
Steamer. . . . 



Texas. 



Torpedo... 
Transport . 

Union 



1863. 
Jan. 19 

Jan. 23 
Mar. 10 

Mar. 3 
Aug. 17 
July 24 

July — 
Oct. 21 
Nov. — 

1864. 
Feb. 25 
April 11 
May 15 

June 4 

July 10 

Aug. 5 

1865. 
Jan. - 

Mar. 1(5 

Mar. 

Mar. — 



Mobjack bay 

New Orleans, La... 



Kingfisher 

Restless 

Octorara 



Maratanza 

Kensington 

l''reeboni 

Albatross 

■\V. G. Anderson 



Sagamore 
Crusader 



New inlet 

Lat. 27° N., long. 8;: 

w. I 

Sabine Pass Cayuga, i 

Great Wicomico jSatellite 

Cape Canaveral . . . . i Sagamore 



Admiral Farragut'j 

fleet 
Cambridge 
II. Hudson 



Tensas river 



Mississippi squadr'n 



Potomac river Curiituck it Fuchsia 

Near Rio Grande.. .iGrauite City 

Off Indian river Roebuck 

Homasassa river. . . . iNita 
Lat. 34° 6' N., long. ^Kansas 

77° 27' W. I 

Lat. 32° 38' N., loi g.'Fort Jackson 

75° 55' W. I 

Off Indian riv. inlet. Roebuck 
I 



Mobile bay. 



Uncle Mose. 
Union 



1861. 
June 5 

1862. 
July 7 
Aug. 25 



Perquimon's river, 

N. Carolina. 
Lat. 25° N.; long. 96° 

W. 
Riclnnond, Va 



Richmond, Va.. 
Charleston, S. C. 



Coast of Yucatan... 
Lat.23°N.i long.Sv^'^ 
W 



W. Gulf blockadipf 
squadron 

"Wyalusing 

Quaker City 



Part of N. 
squadron 



A. B 



Ilaniet Lane 



Tahoma 

J. S. Chambers 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



4V9 



Class. 



Steamer. 



Schooner. 
Schooner. . 
Sol'.ooner. 

Schooner. . 

Schooner . 
Schooner. 
Schooner., 
Schooner. 



Sloop 

Schooner., 

Steamer.., 
Bcl:ooner., 
Ste;imer... 

Sloop 

Steamer.. . 

Steamer... 



Brig 

British schi 

Steamer 

Steamer. . . . 



Eebel iron 
clad 

FJohooner... 
Schooner... 

Bark 

Yacht 

Schooner.. . 

Schooner..., 
Sloop 

Schooner..., 

Schooner 

Schooner. . . , 
Schooner.... 
Schooner. . . 
Schooner. . . 

Steamer 

Schooner..., 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Steamer. . . . 
Schooner ... 



Name. 



Union . 



1863. 
May 19 

1861. 
July 4 
July 18 
Dec. 26 

Dec. 

1862. 
April 10 
May 15 
July 
Victoria July 12 



Venus. . 
Velasco 
Venus.. 



Victoria. 



Victoria. 
Venus.. , 
Volante. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captmed. 



By what vessel. 



Lat.27°N.;long, 85< 
W. 



Venture. 
Velocity. 

Virginia . 

Vesta 

Victoria. 
Victoria. 
Victory. . 



Venus. 



Volante 

Volante 



Vesta 



Vixen . 



Virginia. 



June 19 
Sept. 30 

1863. 
Jan. 18 
Feb. 28 
May 28 
May 30 
June 21 

Oct. 21 

Nov. 5 

>> 

1864. 

Jan. 12 



Dec. 1 

1865. 
Mar. — 

1861. 
May 15 

May 25 
May 14 
Dec. 25 

1862. 
Jan. 10 



William & John 
William Henry. 

Winifred ". . 

Wanderer 

William U. Nor- 
throp. 

Wyfe or Nye 

William H. Mid- 
dleton. 

Feb. 1 

Wandoo IFeb. 14 

William MiilloryiMay 5 

Wave lApril 19 

W. C. Bee [April 23 

Winter Shrub. .. 'May 21 

Whlteman May 6: 

Will o' the Wiap, June 3 

Water Witch... May 5] 

Wave June 27 i 

Wilson July 9 

WUliam July l| 



Galveston , 

Coast of N. Carol in; 
Lat.28° N.; long. 93' 

W. 
Point Isabel 



Mobile 

Lake Poiichartrain 
Georgetown, S. C. . 
Lat . 26° N. ; long. 76' 

W. 
Mobile bay , 



Mugue's island. 
Piney Point 



Point Isabel 

Lat. 25° N.; long. 75' 

W. 
New inlet, N. C... 



Oft" Rio Grande 

Off Cape Canaveral. 

Between Tubb's riv- 
er and Little inlet, 
N. Carolina. 

Lat. 32° N.; long. 78' 
W. 



Hantsville 



Richmond, Va. 



Hampton roads. 



Cape Henry, 
Key We.-^t... 
Cape Pear. . 



Cedar keys: 



South Carolina 
Albatross 
Rhode Island 

Santiago de Cuba 

Kanawha 

Calhoun 

Gem of the Sea, &c. 

Mercedita 

Morning Light 
Crocker's expedition 

Wachusett 
Wyandank 
Juniata 
Brooklyn 
Santiago de Cuba 

Nansemond 

Owasco & Virginia 
Beauregard 



Rhode Island 



Minnesota 

Quaker City 

Crusader 

Fernandin» 



Hatteras 



Boca Chico Portsmouth 

Bull's bay 'Restless 

St. Andrew's bay. . .jWater Witck 

Georgetown [ Q-. W. Blunt 

I Santiago de Cubft 

Keel's creek, N. C ..Hunchback, &a 
Lake Pontchartrain. Calhoun. 

Rio Grande Montgomery 

! Currituck, &c 

Mi.'isisKippi sound.. .|Bohio. 

Hamilton, N. C iCom'dore Perry, tto 

Sabine lake, La [De Soto 



480 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DE8TK0TED 



Claas. 


Name. 


When 
cap- 
tured. 


Where captured. 


By what veBseV. 


Schooner 


West Florida. . . 


1862. 




Kensington, &0. 

Arthur 

E. B. Hale 

Corypheus 

Montgomery 


Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 
Sloop 

Schooner . 


Water Witch... 

Wave 

Water Witch... 
Wm. E. Chester 

Wm.l I.Harrison 
Wni. A. Knapp. 
Wliite Cloud . 


Sept. 27 
Nov. 4 
Aug. 24 
Nov. 20 

1863. 
Jan. 24 


Corpus Christi 

Arizona Pass 




Steamer 




New Era 










Steamer... . 
Schooner. . . 


Wave Queen. . . . 

Wanderer 

W.Y. Leitch... 

Wonder 

Wm. Bagley.... 
Wave 


Feb. 25 
May 2 
April 20 

May 13 
July 18 
Aug. 22 

Oct. 28 
Aug. 16 

1864. 
Jan. 13 

Jan. 22 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 15 
Mar. 21 
Oct. 21 

Sept. 27 

1865. 
Feb. i) 
Jan. 21 

1861. 
April 24 
Aug. - 

1864. 
Jan. 14 
May 6 

June 10 

1861. 
Nov. 21 
Oct. 1 


North Santee 


Conemaugh 
Sacramento 


Schooner.... 

Schooner... 
Steamer. . . . 


Lat. 26° N.; long. 76° 

W. 
Port Royal, S. C... 


Oetorara 

Wabash, &c. 
De Soto, &c. 


Schooner. . . 


Lat. 26° N.; long. 96° 
W. 


Cayuga 


British sch. 


William 

Warrior 

William 

Wm. A. Kain... 
WildDayi-ell... 
Wm. Douglass.. 
Wildrio-eou.... 
Waudo 


Steamer 

British sch. 

Schooner... 

Steamer 

Schooner.... 
Schooner.... 


Lat. 26° N.; long. 86° 
W. 

Off Suwannee river. 

St. Andrew's bay... 
Stump inlet, N. V... 

San Luis Pass 

Florida coast 

Lat. 33° 5' N. ; long. 

76° 40- W. . 
Lat. 28° 40' N.; long. 

90° 53- W. 

Oft' Galveston, Texas 
Mississippi Squadi-'n 

Hampton Roads. . . . 
Cape Hatteras 

Near Jupiter's inlet. 
Lat. 32° 10' N.; long. 
78° 49' W. 

Entrance to Pearl 
river, Miss. 

Off'Tamjjico bay 

Vermillion bay 


Gertrude 

Two Sisters, tender 

to San Jacinto 
Restless 
Norwich, &c. 
Vii-ginia 
Hendrick Hudson 


Schooner.... 

Steamer 

Steamer. . . . 


Watchful 

Will 0' the Wisp 
Winona. ....... 


Arkansas 


Tug 

Rebel priv'r 
schooner. 

British elo'p 
Steamer.... 

ftloop 


Young America. 
York.. 


Cumberland 


Youn<? Racer... 
Young Republic 

Yankee Doodle. 
Zeland 


Roebuck 
Grand Gulf 

Elk 


Schooner... 
Schooner. . . 


Zavala 

Zultma 


Huntsville 


Steamer .... 


Zouave ......... 






M ississippi squadr' a 
AdolpL Uuiral 


91oop 


Zion 


1864. 
Nov. 2 





FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



481 



MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES. 




Bark 

Schooner 

Sail-boat 

Launch 

Ferry scow 

1 iron wiiidlasa 

5 barrels of lard, &c 

Schooner 

Schooner 

New gunboat 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

2 fishing schooners.. 

9 fishing sloops 

Schooner 

Schooner 



Sloop 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Bchoouer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Steamer 

Schooner 

Bark 

Schooner, (supposed 

to bo Monticello.) 

Long gig 

Launch 

Schooner 

1,200 bars railroad 

iron. 

Steamer : 

Steamer 



Dec. 15 

1862. 
Jan. 24 
Jan. 23 
Jan. 10 



Quantico creek. 
Potomac river.. 
St. Lone bar . . . 
Pass Cavallo... 
St, Andrew's... 



Mobile bar. 



Mar. 14 Roanoke, N. C , 

Feb. * 10 Elizaij'eth City . 

Jan. 22 

Feb. 

Feb. 12 Edenton, N. C. 



Mar. 



April — 



April 12 
April 26 
May 8 



April 24 
June 6 



Mar. — 
June 17 
June — 

May - 
May 4 
July 



Mar. 21 



Isle au Pied. 



Femandina 

Sullivan's island. 



Pkappahannock river. 



Coast of South Carolina, 

Bull's bay 

Light-house inlet 



Cedar keys 
Memphis". . 



Near Sabine river... 
Table land of Mariel 
Fort Morgan 



"West Point, Virginia.. 

Coppohosal 

Coast of Texas 

St. Simon's sound, Ga. 

Newbem, N. C 



Union 
Yankee 
Sam HouBton 
Arthur 
Bienville 

Mercedita, &o. 

HuntsviUe 

Hatteraa 



Naval expedition 

Commodore Perry 
Ariel. 

Rowan's expedition 
Louisiana, &c. 
>> 

Lieut. Jeff^r's expedition 

») 
New London 



S. Atlantic SlookadiBf 

Squadron 
Jacob Bell, &c. 



Hatteraa 
Huron 



Alabama 
Santiago de Oabl 
Tahoma 



Amanda 
Kanawha 



Onto 



Corwin, &c. 



Rhode Island 
Naval expedlttoa 



Delairare 



482 



VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED 



Description. 



Bloop 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Sloop 

A wharf boat 

Schooner 

\^ old launch 

Tkree boats 

One seveii-oart'd boat 

Metalic life-boat 

Two canoes 

Three boats 

One seine boat 

Schooner 

Brig 

Schooner 

Bark 

Pilot echooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Vessel on stocks.... 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Scows and boats 

Two sloops 

Schooner 

Flat-botto tiled boat. 

Launch 

Two sloops 

Sloop 

Nine boats 

Fifteen boats 

Five boats 

Sloop 

Eight boats 

Scow 

Lighter 

Boat 



Sloop 

Sloop 

Bark 

Bark 

Scow 

Sloop 

Rebel vessel, (bidg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 
Rebel vessel, (bldg.) 

Canoe 

Bloop 

Four clinker-built 

boats. 
Two small boats. 

Two canoes 

Nine canoes 

Three boats 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



1862 
Aug. 11 
Aug. 12 



Where captured. 



Potomac river. . 
Sturgeon creek. 



Eunice 

New inlet, N. C, 
Quant'co creek.., 



July 10 

July 29 

Sept. 2(i 

Oct. 1 

Oct. 3-5 

Oct. 9 

Oct. 17 

Oct. 24 j Potomac river 

Nov. 1 

Nov. 16 



Nov. 17 



Nov. 
Nov. 
Oct. 

Nov. 



Nov. 23 



Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 



Masonborough inlet. 



Shallow inlet 

Masonborough inlet. 

Nassau river 

North river 



East river. 



New inlet.., 
Floro creek 
Bell river.. 



26 

19 York river 



Dec. 20 



Dec. 
Dec. 



Jan. 



Indian river, Fia. 



White House. 



Jan. 18 j Ne^^-port News, Va 

Jan. 19 Cai)t\u-e of New Orleans. 



Jan. 13 Dividing creek, Va. 
Jan. 20 Chuckatuck creek.. 
Jan. 23 , 



Jan. 20 Indian creek.. 
Jan. 25 Tabb's creek.. 
Jan. 24- rotomac river. 
25. I 



Arthur 
Pittsburg 
State of Georfift 
Eureka. 
T. A. Ward 

Jacob Bell 

Matthew Vasaa? 

Freeborn 

T. A. Ward 

Cambridge 

Daylight 

Cliocura 

E. B Hale 

(ic'iieral I'ntnam, Ste, 



By what veeBeL 



Crusader 
Mt. Vernon, &a 
Dan Smith 
Calhoun 

;amore 
Mahaska, &o. 



Diana 
Octorara 



Minnesota, &c. 
Admiral Farragut's fle*l 



Currituck 
Commodore Morria 



Currituck 
[George ManghaiD 



FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 



483 



D«Mriptlon. 



Schooner. 
Vessel. . . . 



81oop 

Two boats 

Schooner 

Canoe 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Brig 

Sloop 

Wharf hoat 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Schoonei- 

Steamer 

Six vessels, &c... 
Steamer " 35th Par- 
allel" 

Schooner , 

Two transports . . . . , 

Monster ram 

Horses and "Wagons. 

Fishing scow 

Schooner 

Flat-boat 

Sloop boat 

Scow boat 

Skiff and flat 

Barge 

Flat 

Sloop boat 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Sloop 

Canoe 

Flat-boat 

Lot of Merchandise. 
Dry-goods and shoes 
Four canoes 



4 schooners 

11 bbs. of turpentini 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner and launch 

Row-boat 

3 rolls bagging... 

Scow 

Scow 

Sloop 

Schooner 

Steajner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Schooner 

Sloop 

Steamer 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



Jan. 21 1 Topsail inlet. 
Feb. 12 



By what vessel. 



Daylight 
George Manghs 



Jan. 20 1 Commodore Morria 

Feb. 9 iDan Smith 

Feb. 2 Topsail iulet Mt. Vernon 

Mar. 13 Coeur de Leon 

M ar. 2 Mosquito inlet Sagamore 

Mar. 24 13oat expedition 

April 19 Charleston j 



April 10 Sabine Pass New London 

April 8 WaiTcnton Hartford 

April 24 "Wassaw sound, Ga Cimmaron 

May 2 Rich inlet Perry. 

May 14 Urbana, Va Currituck, &c. 

May 20 Charleston 

May 1-8 Western World, &c. 

Yazoo Pass expedition 

May 10 Monell's inlet Conemangh, &c. 

May — Yazoo Pass expedition 

May 20 Yazoo City Naval expedition 

[Mississippi squadron 

May 30 Brooklyn 



June 24 
June 9 
June 1 
June 10 
June 
May 14 
May 
July 
July 
July 6 
July 13 



July n 
July 20- 

21. 
July 8-9 
July 24 
July 
July 9 

June 22 
July 14 



Mantau rivei-, Fla.... 
Withlacoochee river, Fla 



June 24 
July 19 
July 8 
Sept. 28 
June 30 
Oct. - 

Oct." 7 

Dec. 31 



Withlacoochee river, Fla 

Crystal river, Fla 

Wacassassa bay 

White House 

Cumberland 

Charlotte harbor, Fla. 
Rappahannock river. 



Charles county, Md. 
Dividing creek, Va.. 



Coast of Texas . 



Coast of Texas 
. . . . „ 

Neuse river — 



Old Haven creek. 



Coast of Tjouisiana. 
Off Sabine Pass*.'..!! 
Matago.rda bay 



Tahoma 
Fort Henry 



Shokokon 
Commodore MorrI* 

Restless 
Yankee, &c. 



Coeur de Leon 
Currituck 



Sciota 

DeSoto 

Sciota 



Boat expedilksK 
Annie 

Tahoma 
Fort Henry 
Restless 
Currituck 

Cayugft 
Granite City, *6. 



484 



VESSELS CA1»TURED AND DESTROYED 



DeBcriptlon. 



When 
cap- 
tured. 



Where captured. 



By what vess^ 



Sloop Doat. 



Scdiooner 

Twelve oyster l)oat3. 

Boat 

Sloop. 

Skitf 

Schooner 

Boliooncr 

Schoomu- 

Two canoes 

Schooner 

Twenty-two boats.. 
Twenty-six small 
boats. 

Large barge 

Seven boats (bldg.). 
Three boats 



Steamer 

Sail-boat 

Twenty-two boats. 

Nine boats 

Rosin 

Turpentine 

Su^r 

Railroad iron 

Sugar 

Bacon 

Horses , 

Wheat 

Tobacco , 

Schooner 

Four scows , 

Rifles— 9 , 

Rifles, &c 

Schooner 

Bloop boat 

Sloop 



Schooner. 
Steamer.. 



1863 
Dec. 14 

1864. 
Jan. 1 
Feb. 1 
Feb. 13 



Mar. 11 
Feb. 8 
Feb. 23 
Mar. 28 
April 18 
May 15 



July 4 

Aug. 9 

Sept. 2 

Oct. 4 

Mar. 11 



Indian river, Fla. 



Morreira inlet, S. C. 
York river 



Lat. 24° N. ; long 83° W. 

Caney creek, Texas 

Running from Va. to Md. 

Matagorda bay 

Up the Rappahannock.. . 
Turkey ci-eek 



Lat. 27* 4r N. ; long. 78<^ 
54' W. 

OS- Charleston 

Potomac river 



Mar. 
Mar 



Piankatank river. . . 
Up St. John's river. 



Mar. 21 
April 18 



Up Rappahannock. 



July 28 Gatesville, N. C. 

June 30 

Aug. 5 

Aug. 24 

iNov. 21 

Oct. 24 



Boat. 



Cargo of sloop, name 

unknown. 
Rebel torpedo boat. 
3 rebel torpedo boats 

One lighter 

Iron, cables, anch'rs, 

&c. 

Flat-boat 

Machinery, &c 



Nov. 5 

Nov. 29 
Dec. 3 
Dec. 27 

1865. 
Jan. 27 
Feb. 4 
Feb. 27 



April 
April 



Mobile. 

Mobile bay 

Masonboro' inlet 

Bruinsburg, Miss 

Tampa bay, Fla , 

Off- Little Malco, Fla ... 
Ott' Charleston, S. C 



RoebuA 

Nipsic 
Morse 



San Jacinto 

Queen 

Dragon 

Estrella 

Potomac flotillm 

Commodore Perry 



Magnolia 

Katskill 
Primrose 
Potomac flotilla 

Pawnee's launch 

Pawnee and others 

Potomac flotilla 



Whitehead 

Glasgow 

W. Gr. B. squadron 

Niphon 
Avenger 

Nita 



Decross's Point, Texas. 

Off Cape Fear river 

Western bar 



Manitee river 

Beach inlet, S. C... 
Wando river, S. C . . 



Columbus 

Charleston, S. C 



Wilmington, N. C..., 

Windmill Point, Va 
Richmond, Va 



Itasca 

Emma and othen 

Monticello 

I no and Ariel 
Wamsutta, &c. 
Jonquil and oth«r« 



MerouTjr 

N. A. B. Bqnadroo 



The number of the prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27, 
1867"), is seven liundred and thirty. The total amoimt of monej 



FOR VIOLATION OF TFT^ BLOCKADE. 485 

Involved — including that for distribution to the captors, and 
that which is passed to the credit of the United States — is about 
$25,000,000. 

Payment has already been made to nearly ten, thousand 
different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to 
thirty -eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi- 
cated about six hundred prizes, the most of which will probably 
ho condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors. 



UNION VESSELS CAPTURED OR DESTROl ED 



DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS. 



BY THE ALABAMA. 



Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. 

Alert bark.. New London Sept. 9, 1 8G2 . 

Altamaha, brig Sippican. . Sept. 13, 1862. 

Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6, 18h3 

Amazonian, bark New York June 2 

A. F. Schmidt, ship . . .St. Thomas July 2 

Ariel, steamer New York . . Dec. 7 

Avon, ship Howland's Island Mar. 29 

B'n do Castine, brig. . .Castine Oct. 29 

Benj. Tucker, ship. . . .New Bedford Sept. 14, 

B. Thayer, ship Callao Mar. 

Brilliant, ship ....... New York Oct. o, 

diaries Hill, ship. . . . Liverpool Nov. 25 

Chastelain, brig (iuadaloupe Jan. 27 

Conrad, bark Montevideo June 20. 

Contest, ship Yokolmma Nov. 1 1 

Corsair, schr .Province town . . . Sept. 13 

Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 2'S 

Dorcas Prince, ship . . . New York April 26 

Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. — 

E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18 

E. Parnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3 

Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 

Express, ship CaUao July C 

Golden Eagle, ship.. . .Howland's Island Feb. 21 

Golden Rule, bark New York Jan. 26, 

Har't Spaulding, bark . New York. Nov. 1 

Hatteras, gunboat . . . .Galveston Jan. 13, 

Henrietta, bark Baltimore 



1863. 
1 863 . 
1862. 
1864. 
1862. 
1862, 
1863. 
1862. 
1863, 
1 863 , 
1863 
1863 
1862 
1862, 
18i'.3 
1863, 
IS62 
1862, 
1864 
1863 
1863 
1863 
1863, 
1863, 
1863. 



. 391 

. 3oa 

. 595 
. . 481 
. . 784 
. . 1295 
. . 930 
. . 267 
. . 800 
. . 896 
. . 839 
.. 699 
.. 240 
. . 347 
..1098 
.. 200 
.. 278 
. . 69S 
.. 29& 
.. 300 
..1119 
..1096 
..1072 
..1278 
. . 250 
.. 299 
. . 800 
. 439 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



487 



Name of Vessels. 



"WTiere from. 



Date of Capture. 



Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 

Jabez Snow, ship New York Mar. 25, 

John A. Park, ship. . . . New York Mar. 2 

Justina, bark Rio Janeiro May '25 

Kate Cory, brig W estport April 1 5 

Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar, 2;^. 

Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23 

Lafayette, bark Now Bedford April 15 

Lfimplighter, bark New York Oct. 15 

Loretta, bark New York. , Oct. 28 

Levi Starbuck, ship. . .New Bedford. Nov. 2 

Louisa Hatch, ship. . . .Cardiff — 

Manchester, ship. .... .New York Oct. 1 1 

Martha Wouzell, bark . Akyab Aug. 9 

Martabau, ship Maulraain Dec. 24, 

Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23 

Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25 

Nye, bark New Bedford April 24 

Ocean Rover, bark. . . .Mattapoisett Sept. 8 

Ocraulgee, ship Edgartown Sept. 6 

Olive Jane, bark Bordeaux .Feb. 21 

Oneida, ship Shanghae April 24 

Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 

Parker Cook, bark. . . .Boston Nov. 30 

Puujaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15 

Rockingham, ship Callao April 2o 

Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5 

Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3 

S. Gildersleeve, ship. , .Sunderland May 25 

Sonora, ship Singapore Dec. 2ti 

Starlight, schr. Fayal Sept. 7 

Talisman, ship New York June 5 

T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 

Tonawauda, ship Pliiladelphia Oct. 9 

Tycoon, bark New York 

Union Jack, bark New York May 8 

Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 1 7 

Washington, sliip Callao Feb. 27 

Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7 

Weather Gauge, schr..Provincetown Sept. 4 

Winged Racer, ship. . .Manilla Nov. 10, 



1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863, 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863: 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 



1863. 
1863. 
1S63. 
1862. 
1862. 
1863. 



Tons. 
.1149 
.1070 
.1050 
. 400 
. 125 
. 125 
. 945 
. 300 
. 27a 
. 284 
. 376 
. 835 
.1075 
. 578 
. 807 
.1105 
. 800 
. 300 
, 766 
• 300 
. 300 
. 420 
. 172 
, 130 
. 760 
. 976 
. 447 
. 9*74 
. 847 
. 707 
. 205 
.1239 
. 599 
.1300 
. 736 
. 300 
. 300 
.1655 
. 409 
. 200 
.176t 



BY THE SHENANDOAH. 



Abigail, bark New Bedford : . May 25, 1 865 . . . 375 

Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864. . . 431 

AJina, bark Newport, Eng Oct. — , 1864. . . 47C 



488 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of 

Brunswick, bark New Bedford. June — 

Oinharine, bark New Bedford June 26^ 

Ch.nrter Oak, schr Boston Oct. 

Confess '2d, bark New Bedford June 28! 

Covington, bark Warren, R. I June 28i 

Delphine, bark London Jan. 13 

D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. — 

Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4 

I'^dward Gary, bark . . .San Francisco. . . , . . .April 1 
Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21 



Fairhaveu June 28 

New Bedford June 22 



Favorite, bark 
Gen. Pike, bark 

G^en. Williams, ship... .New London June 25 

Gipsy, bark New Bedford June 26 

Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1 

Hector, ship New Bedford April 1 

Hilinian, ship New Bedford June 27 

Isabella, bark New Bedford June 27 

1. Howland, ship New Bedford June 28 

James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, 

Jireh Swift, bark New Bedford June 23 

Kate Prince, ship .... Cardifl' Nov. 12 

Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13 

Martha 2d, bark Now Bedford June 28 

Milo, ship New Bedford June 28, 

Nassau, ship New Bedford June 28 

Nile, bark New London June 22 

Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25 

Pearl, bark New London April 1 

Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23 

Susan Abigail, bark. . .San Francisco June 23 

Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, 

Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28, 

W. Thompson, ship. . .New Bedford June 22, 

Wm. C. Nye, bark. . . .San Francisco. June 26 



Capture. 

1865. 

1865. 

1864. 

1865. 

18&5 

1865 

1864, 

1864. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865 

1865. 

1865. 

1866. 

1864. 

1864. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 

1865. 



Tom. 
226 

. 226 
. 140 

. 375 
. 8(H5 
. 698 
. 29^ 
. 42^- 
. 37^ 
. 597 
. 36C 
. 425 
. 469 
. 390 
. 350 

. 600 

, 394 

. 900 

. 400 

360 

, 99 T 

, 14(> 

, 298 

50() 

, 450 

, 380 

, 340 

, 275 

, 400 

, 159 

450 

600 

388 



BY THE FLORIDA. 



Aldebaran, schr New York Mar. 13, 

Anglo Saxon, ship. . . .Liverpool Aug. 21, 

Arabella, brig Aspinwall Jan. 12, 

B. F. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, 

Clarence, brig Bahia , 

Commonwealth, ship . .New York April 17, 

Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, 

David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero. , 

Electric Spark, str New York July 10, 



1863.. 


. 187 


1863.. 


. 808 


1863.. 


. 291 


1863.. 


.1387 


1863.. 


. 253 


1863.. 


. 1245 


1863.. 


. 236 




. 289 


1864.. 


.1400 



tilE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ^89 



CTame of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tohft 

Estella, brig Manzanilla Jan. 17, 1863... 300 

F. B Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1S63 .. 796 

Geo. Latimer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198 

Gen. Berry, bark .... New York July 10, . . . 4(59 

Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1 864 . . . 331 

Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549 

Har't Stephens, bark. .Portland , . . . 500 

J. Jacob Bell, ship Fooehow Feb. 12, 1863 . . .1382 

Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia Jimo — , 1863 . . . 387 

Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1863. . 590 

Mary Alviua, brig Boston June — , 1863. . . 266 

M. A. Sehinler, schr. . .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299 

Mary Y. Davis, schr. . . Port Royal July 9, 1 864 . . . 270 

M. J. Colcord, bark . . . New YoVk Mar. 30, 1863 . . 374 

Moudamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. — , 1864. . . 386 

Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Vista May 26, 1863 . . .1038 

Rienzi, schr Province town , -July 7, 1863 ... 95 

Southern Rights, ship. Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 ... 830 

Southern Cross Boston June 6, 1863... 938 

Star of Peace, sliip Calcutta Mar. 6, 1863 .. . 941 

Sunrise, ship New York July — , 1863. . . 1174 

Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1 863 . . . 296 

VarnuQi H. Hill, schr . Provincetown June 27, 1852 ... 90 

Y\^m. B. Nash, brig. . . . New York July 8, 1863 .. . 299 

Wm. C. Clark, brig. . . .Machias, Me June 17, . . . 338 

Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 .. . 199 

Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380 



BY THE SUMTER. 

Abbie Bradford, schr. . July 25, 1861 ... 180 

Albert Adams, brig. . . . Cuba July 5, 1861 . . . 192 

AJvarado, bark Cape Town June — , 1861 . . . 299 

Arcade, schr Portland, Nov. 20, 1861 .. . 12-;^ 

Benj Dunning, brig . . . Cuba July 5, 1861 .. . 284 

B. F. Martin, brig Philadelphia June 16, 1861 . . . 293 

California, bark St. Thomas ^ 1861 . . . 299' 

Cuba, brig New York July 4, 1861... 199- 

D. Trowbridge, achr. . .New York Oct. 27, 1861 .. . 200 

Eben Dodge, bark New Bedford Dec. 8, 1861 . . .1222 

Glen, bark Philadelphia July — , 1861 .. . 287 

Golden Rocket, ship. . .Havana July 13, 1861 .. . 608 

Henry Nutt, schr Key West Aug. — , 1861 ... 235 

Jos. Maxwell, bark Philadelphia July 27, 1861 .. . 295 

Joseph Parks, brig .... Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861 300 

J. S. Harris, ship Cuba ,1861 .. 800 

Louisa Kilhara, bark , .Cicufuegos . July 6^ 1861 . . 468 



490 



THE NATIONAL. HAND-BOOK. 



Nftme of Vessels. 
Machias, brig . . .. . 

Naiad, brig 

N. Chase, schr., . . 
Neapolitan, bark. . 

Ocean Eagle 

Santa Clara, brit 



Where from. 



Date of Oa|> 
.July 4, 
.July G, 
.Sept. — , 



. New York 

. Messina Feb. — , 

.Rockland Feb. — , 

. Porto Rico. .. . Feb. — , 

Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Feb. — , 

\rigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, 

West Wind, bark New York July 6, 

W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June — , 



ture. 

1 862 . 

1801, 

1861, 

1 862 , 

1861 . 

1861, 

18fil 

1861 

1861 

1861 



Tom, 

. 250 
. 390 
. 150 
. 322 

290 
. 189 
. 549 

. 650 
. 429 
. 460 



BY THE TALLAHASSEE. 



Adriatic, ship London Aug. 

A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. 

Arcole, ship New Orleans. .*...,.. .Nov. 

Atlantic, schr Addison, Me 

Bay State, bark Alexandria, Va Aug. 

Billow, brig Calais, Me Aug. 

Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. 

Castiue, ship Callao Jan. 

Coral Wreath, brig Aug. 

Etta Caroline, str Aug. 

Flora Reed, schr Aug. 

Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. 

Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. 

Howard, bark Aug. 

Jas. Littlefield, ship... .Cardiflf Aug. 

J. H. Howen, schr Gloucester Aug. 

L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. 



Magnolia, schr. 

Mercy Howe, schr 

N. America, schr 

P. C. Alexander, bark 

Pearl, schr 

Rasselas, schr 

Roan, brig 



Aug. 

.Chatham Aug. 

. Connecticut 

.New York 

. ...Aug. 

.Booth bay, Me Aug. 

.Salisbury Au; 



. ..Boston Aug. 



S. A. Boyce, schr. . 

Sarah Louisa, schr 

Spokane, schr Calais, Me Aug. 12 



1863, 
1863. 
1863, 



BY THE TACONY. 



Ada, schr Gloucester June 23, 1863. . 90 

Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863 . . 200 

Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863. . . 100 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



491 



TSamc of VesBels. Where from. Date of Capture. 

Bramtium, ship London June 16, 1863. 

Klizabeth Ann, schr. . .Gloucester June 22, 1863. 

Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. 

Goodspeed, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863. 

Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. 

L. A. Macomber, schr. .Noank June 20, 1863. 

Ma-engo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. 

Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. 

Rufus Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863. 

Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863. 

Umpire, brig Laguua June 15, 1 863 . 

Wanderer, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863. 



Tons. 

,1048 
. 100 
, 200 
. 629 
.1300 
, 100 
. 200 
. 150 
, 100 
, 849 
. 196 
. 125 



BY THE CLARENCE. 



A. H. Partridge, schr. .Gloucester June 7, 1863. . . 100 

C. Cushing, cutter Portland June 24, 1863. . . 150 

Whistling Wind, bark.. Philadelphia June 6, 1863... 349 



BY THE SALLIE. 



Betsey Ames, brig. 
Grenada, brig 



.Cuba Oct. — , 1861, 

.Neuvitas Oct. 13, 1861, 



265 
255 



BY THE GEORGIA. 

Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863... 797 

City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863. . . 79 

Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863 ... 97 

Crown Point, ship New York May 15, 1863... 1053 

Dictator, ship Liverpool April 25, 1863... 1293 

Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280 

Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1863... 436 

John Watt,' ship Maulraain Oct. — , 1863. . . 947 

J. W. Seaver, bark. . .Boston June 22, 1863... 340 

Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863. . . 960 



BY THE JEFF DAVIS. 



D. C. Pierce, bark Remedios June — , 

Ella, schr Tampico — 

Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, 

Jno. Crawford, ship.. . .Philadelphia Aug 

John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 



-, 1861... 


306 


-, 1861... 


92 


), 1861... 


200 


-, 1861... 





), 1861 .. 


275 



492 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



^hvae >>{ Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Ton* 

Roweua, bark Laguayra June — , 1861... 340 

S. J. Waring, schr. ..New York July 16, 1861... 372 

W. McGilvery, brig ..Cardenas ....July — 1861... 198 

BY THE WINSLOW. 



llerbert, schr June 18, 

[tasca, brig Neuvitas ^ug. 4, 

Mary Alice, schr .... .Porto Rico July — , 

Priscilla, schr Cura9oa . , , July — , 

Transit, schr New Lcndon July 15, 1861 



1861.. 


. 100 


1861.. 


. 300 


1861. 


. 181 


1861.. 


. 144 


1861.. 


. 195 



BY THE CHICKAMAUGA. 



Albion Lincoln, bark 
Emma L. Hall, bark. 
Mark L. Potter, bark. 
Shooting Star, ship. . 



.Portland Oct. 

.Cardenas Oct. 

.Bangor Oct. 

.New York Oct. 



29, 


1864.. 


. 237 


31, 


1864.. 


. 492 


30, 


1864.. 


. 400 


31, 


1864.. 


. 957 



BY THE OLUSTEE. 



A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. 

Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. 

E. F. Lewis, schr Portland Nov. 

T. D. Wagner, brig.. . .Fort Monroe Nov. 



3, 


1864.. 


. 178 


1, 


1864.. 


. 316 


3, 


1864.. 


. 197 


3, 


1864.. 


. 390 



BY THE RETRIBUTION. 

Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. — -, 1863. . . 280 

Hanover, schr Boston Jan. 31, 1863... 200 

J. P. EUicott, brig Boston Jan. 10, 1863... 231 

BY THE ST. NICHOLAS. 

Mary Pierce, schr Boston July 1, 1862. . . 192 

Margaret, schr July 29, 1862... 206 

Monticello, brig. Rio Janeiro July 1, 1862... 300 

BY THE CALHOUN. 



Jahn Adamg, schr Provincetown May — , 1861 . . . 100 

Mermaid, schr Provincetown May — , 1861 .. . 200 

Panama, brig Provincetown. ...... May 29, 1861 ... 15S 



TUE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 493 



•BY THE NASHVILLE. 

Name of Yesaels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tor* 

Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800 

R. GilfiUan, schr Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240 

BY THE BOSTON. 

Leu >x, bark New York June 12, 1863... 37o 

Texana, bark New York. June 12, 1863. . . 588 

BY THE SAVANNAH. 
Joseph, brig ..Cardenas June 15, 1861... 171 

BY THE LAPWING. 
Kate Dy war, ship Callao June 17, 1863 ..1278 

BY THE ECHO. 

M. E. Thompson, brig. . July i>, 1862... 210 

Mary Goodell, schr — July 9, 1862 .. . 200 

BY THE YORK. 
G. V. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 109 

BY THE CONRAD. 
Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . 808 

BY THE TUSCARORA 
Living Age, ship Akyab .Sept. 13, 18&3, , .1. 93 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

A. B. Thompson, ship. . Savannah May 19, 1861 .. . 800 

Alleghanian, ship. ...Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862. . .1 142 

Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept. — , 186:'.. . . 190 

Boston, tug June 9 1863 . lOf 



494 



THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



Name of Vessel*. 



Where from. 



Data of Capture. 



Chesapeake, steamer. .New York iJea 7 

Golden Rod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. — 

Hannah Balch, brig. . .Cardenas July 6 

Harriet Lane. i:unbt. . .Galveston Jan. 1 1 

James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. — 

J. R. Watson, schr New York July 13, 

Lydia Francis, brig. . . . July 15 

Pearl, schr Moriches 

Protector, schr Cuba June — 

Sea Bird, sch Philadelphia 

iSca Witch, schr Baracoa 

Union, schr Baltimore Dec. 5 



1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1861. 
1862. 
1862. 
1861. 
1863. 
1861. 
1862. 



ToDiL 

400 
130 
149 
325 

90 
20u 
262 
183 
200 
200 

96 
116 



— i^<wn Uie Co)nnt.ercial and Financied Chronielc 



OF AMERICAN- PROGRESS. 



495 



Ratio of Representation in tlie House of Representatives. 



irS9 to 1792, according to Constitution 30,000 

1792 to 1803, based on 1st census, 1790 33,000 



1803 to 1813, ' 


2d 


1S13 to 1823, ' 


3d 


1823 to 1833, ' 


4th 


1833 to 1843, ' 


5th 


1843 to 1853, ' 


6th 


1853 to 1863, ' 


7th 


1863 to 1873, • 


8th 


1873 to 1883, ' 


9th 


1883 to ... . ' 


10th 



No. of 
States. 


Elec. 
Vote.* 


10 .. 


73 


15... 


135 


16... 


138 


18... 


218 


24 .. 


... .235 


24... 


288 


26... 


294 



1800 33,000 

1810 35,000 

1820 40,000 

1830 47,700 

1840 70,680 

1850 93,423 31 296 

1860 127,381 33 303 

1870 131,425 37.-. 366 

18S0 151,912 38 401 



* The Electoral Vote of a State consists of one for each Representative 
and United States Senator. 



Centres of Population at difllerent de<'ades.* 

1790 Kent Co. (East Shore), Md. 

1800 Between Baltimore and Washington, Howard Co., Md. 

1810 Near Leesburgh, Loudoun Co., Va. 

1820 Shenandoah Co., Va, 

1830 

1840 

1850 



1870 
1880 



Randolph Co., W. Va. 

Weston, -Lewis Co., W. Va. 

Wirt Co. W. Va. 

Pike Co., Ohio. 

Near Hillsboro, Highland Co., Ohio. 

Covington, Ky., opposite Cincinnati. 



* In regard to North and South it has adhered closely to latitude 39°, 
on the line of Baltiinoi-e, Parkersburg and Cincinnati and moved westward 
at each decade 50 to 75 miles. 



495 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

POPULAE AND ELECTORAL 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut .... 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Elinois 

Indiana 

Towa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi .... 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 
New Jersey . . . 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . 
Rhode Island . . 
South Carohna . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

V(!rinont 

Virginia 

West Virginia , . 
Wisconsin 

Total 



1860. 



Rep 
Lincoln. 



39,113 

4H,792 

.3,.S15 



172,161 
139,033 

70,40'j 

1,364 

62,811 

2,294 

106,533 

88,180 

22,069 

17,028 



37,519 

58,324 

362,646 

231,610 

5,270 

268,030 

12,244 

Electors 



33,808 
1,929 

86,110 



1,866,452 



Dem. 

Dou"las. 



13,651 

5,227 

38,516 

16,522 

1,023 

367 

11,590 

160,215 

115,509 

55,111 

25,651 

7,625 

26,693 

6,966 

34,372 

65,057 

11,920 

3,283 

58,801 



25,881 

62,801 

312,510 

2,701 

187.232 

3,951 

16,766 

7,707 

chosen by 

11,350 

6,849 
16,290 

65,021 



.375.157 



Dem. 

Breckenrldge, 



48,831 
28,732 
34,334 
14,641 

7.337 

8,543 
51,889 

2,404 
12,295 

1,048 

53,143 

22,681 

6,368 

42,482 

5,939 

805 

748 

40,797 

31,317 



2,112 



48,539 
11,405 

5,006 
178,871 

the Legis- 

64,709 

47,548 

218 

74,323 

888 



847,963 



Lincoln's Plurality, 491,195. Electoral vote, Lincoln, 180; 
Breckenridgc, 72; Bell, 39; Douglas, 12. 



OF AMEKICAN PKOGKESS. 



497 



POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California .... 
Connecticut. . . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana. .... 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota .... 
Mississippi .... 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 
New Jersey. ... 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.. . 
Rhode Island.. . 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont . 

Virginia 

West Virginia. , 
"Wisconsin 

Total 



18(34. 



McClTn 
Bern. 



43,841 

42,285 
8,7G7 



158,7:30 
130,233 

49,500 
3,G01 

64,301 

42,211 
32,730 

48,745 
74,004 
17,375 

31,678 

6,594 

32,871 

68,024 

361,980 

205,568 
8,457 

276,316 
8,470 



13,321 

10,438 
65,884 



Lincoln. 
Bej). 



62,134 
44,091 

8,155 



189,490 

150,422 

89,075 

16,441 

27,760 

01,803 
40,153 
126,742 
91,521 
25,060 

72,750 

9, 820 

36,400 

60,723 

368,735 

265,154 

9,888 

296,391 

13,692 



42,419 

23,152 
83,458 



1868. 



Seymr. 
Bern. 



72,088 
19,078 
54,077 
47,952 
10,980 

102,722 

199,143 

166,980 

74,040 

13,990 

115,890 

80,225 

42,460 

62,357 

59,408 

97,069 

28,075 

65,628 

5,439 

5,218 

31,224 

83,001 

429,883 

84,601 

238,606 

11,125 

313,382 

6,548 

45,237 

26,129 

12,045 

20,306 
84,707 



Grant. 
Rep. 



76,266 
22,112 
54.583 
50.995 
7,023 

57, 1 34 

250,303 

170,548 

120, 39P 

31,048 

39,580 

33,203 

70,493 

30,438 

136,477 

128,550 

43,545 

86,860 

9,729 

6,480 

38,191 

80,131 

419,883 
96,709 

280,223 
10,901 

342,280 
12,993 
62,301 
56,328 

44,167 

29,175 

108,857 



1,80^725 2,216,067 2,907,613,3,015,071 



States marked — did not vote. Lincoln over McClellnn, 
407,342. Electoral votes, Lincoln, 212; McClellan, 21; Vacan- 
cies, 81. Grant over Seymour, 305,458. Electoral votes, Grant, 
314; Seymour, 80; Vacancies. 23. 



498 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut . . . . 

Dehuvare 

Florida. . , 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . 

Michigan. , 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . . , 
Rliode Island. . 
South Carolina. . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
Wisconsin 



1872. 



Grant. Greeley 



* 90,272 
41,2'JG 

* 54,044 



* 50,638 

* 11,116 

* 17,765 
62,715 

* 241,248 

* 186,144 

* 131,233 

* 66,942 
88,970 
71,663 

* 61,423 
66,760 

* 133,472 

* 138,455 

* 54,558 

* 82,406 
119,196 

* 18,245 
* 8,413 

* 37,184 

* 91,611 

* 440,746 

* 94,304 

* 281,852 

* 11,818 

* 349,689 

* 13,665 

* 72,290 
83,655 
47,406 

* 41,480 

* 92,953 

* 32,323 

* 104,942 



Total. 



3,597,070 



79,441 
38,448 
43,347 



45,780 
10,208 
15.428 
76,278 

184,770 

163.637 
71,119 
32,970 

100,208 
57,029 
29,087 
67,687 
59,200 
78,355 
34,327 
47,287 

151,433 

7,745 

6,236 

31,421 

76,801 

387,279 
62,494 

244,321 
7,745 

211,961 
5,329 
22,703 
94,391 
66,500 
10,926 
93,424 
29,533 
86,477 



1876. 



Hayes. 



[6] 



68,230 
38,669 
79,269 



2,834,079 



[4] 
[21] 

[11] 
[5] 

[8] 
[7] 



[5]' 



59,034 

10,752 
23,849 
50,446 
278,232 
208,011 
171,327 
78,322 
97,156 
75,135 
66,300 
71,981 
[13] 150,063 
[11] 166,534 
72,962 
52,605 
145,029 
31,916 
10,383 
41,539 
103,517 
489,207 
108,417 
[22] 330,698 
[3] 15,206 
[29] 384,122 
[4] 15,787 
91,870 
89,566 
44,800 
44,092 
95,558 
42,698 
[10] 130,668 



[3] 
[3] 
[5] 



[7] 



[5] 



Tilden. 



[10] 102,002 

[6] 58,071 

76,465 



4,033,950 



[6] 
[3] 

[11] 
[15; 



[8] 



[8] 



61,934 

13,381 

22,923 

130,088 

258,001 

213,526 

112,099 

37,902 

[12] 159,690 

70,508 

49,823 

91,780 

108,777 

141,095 

48,799 

112,173 

[15] 203,077 

17,554 

9,308 

38,509 

[9] 115,962 

[35] 521,949 

[10] 125,427 

323,182 

14,149 

366.158 

10,712 

90,906 

133,166 

104,755 

20,254 

[11] 139,670 

[5] 56,455 

123,927 



[12] 
[8] 



4,284,757 



1872.— The total scattering vote of :33.e98 was nearly all for Charles O'Conor. Grant 
received 300 electoral votes, States marked *, Greeley would have received 66. 

1876.— Cooper (Ind.) received 83,561 votes, Smith (Temperance and Scattering), 10.9^. 
The electoral votes of each State, see figures in [ ]. Total Hayes, 185 ; Tilden, 184. 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 499 

POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE FOR PRESIDENT. 

1880. 

GARFIELD. 

STATES. Rep. 

Alabama 56,231 

Arkansas 42,436 

California (1) 80,378 

Colorado (3) 27,450 

Connecticut (6) 67,071 

Delaware 14,133 

Florida 23,632 

Georgia 54,086 

Illinois (21)318,037 

Indiana (15)232,164 

Iowa (11) 183,927 

Kansas (5) 121,549 

Kentucky 106,306 

Louisiana 38,03 6 

Maine (7) 74,039 

Maryland 78,515 

Massachusetts (13) 165,205 

Michigan (11) 185,341 

Minnesota (5) 93,903 

Mississippi 34,854 

Missouri 153,567 

Nebraska (3) 54,979 

Nevada 10,445 

New Hampshire. . . (5) 44,852 

New Jersey 120.555 

New York (35) 555,544 

Noi-th Carolina. . . . 115.874- 

Ohio (22)375,048 

Oregon (3) 20,619 

Pennsylvania (29) 444.704 

Rhode Island (4) 18,195 

South Carolina. ... 58.071 

Tennessee 107,677 

Texas 53,298 

Vermont (5) 45,567 

Virginia 84,020 

West Virginia 46,243 

Wisconsin (10) 144,400 

Total 4, 450, 921 4, 447, 888 307, 740 10, 305 

The figures in parentheses ( ) indicate the Electoral Vote of each State and 
Party. 
SQattering, 1,696. Garfield's Plurality, 3,033. All, over Garfield, 316,708. 



HANCOCK. 


WEAVER. 


DOW. 


Dem. 


Obk. 


Pro. 


(10) 91,185 


4,642 





(6) 60,775 


4,079 




(5) 80,417 


3,376 


.... 


24,647 


1,435 




64,415 


868 


409 


(3) 15,275 


120 




(4) 27,922 






(11) 102,470 


969 




277,321 


26,358 


443 


225,522 


12,986 




105,845 


32,701 


592 


59,801 


19,851 


25 


(12) 149,068 


11,499 


358 


(8) 65,067 


439 




65,171 


4,408 


93 


(8) 93,706 






111,960 


4,548 


683 


131,597 


34,895 


943 


53,315 


3,267 


286 


(8) 75,750 


5,797 




(15) 208,609 


35,135 


.... 


28,523 


3,950 




(3) 11,215 




.... 


40,794 


528 


180 


(9) 122,565 


2,617 


191 


534,511 


12,373 


1,517 


(10) 124,208 


1,126 


.... 


340.821 


6,456 


2,616 


19,855 


245 




407,428 


20,668 


1,939 


10,779 


236 


20 


(7) 112,312 


566 




(12) 129,569 


5,917 


43 


(8) 156,528 


27.405 




18,316 


1,215 




(11) 128.586 






(5) 57,391 


9,079 


.... 


114,649 


7,986 


69 



500 NATIONAL HAND BOOK. 

Popular and Electoral Vote for President. 



STATES. 



Alabama 

Arkansas 

California , 

Colorado , 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas , 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New York 

North Carolina. 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.. . 
Rhode Island . . . 
South Carolina. 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia. . 
Wisconsin 



Total, 



Popular Vote— 1884. 



Cleveland, 
Bern. 



(10) 



(6) 

(3) 

(4) 

(12) 



92,973 
72,927 
89,288 
27,603 
67,182 
16,976 
31,769 
94,653 
312,584 

(15) 244,992 

177,316 

90,132 

(13) 152,961 

(8) 62,546 
51,656 
96,866 

122,352 

189,361 

70,065 

76,510 

(16)235,988 

54,391 

5,578 

39,187 

(9) 127,778 
(36) 503.048 

(11) 142,952 
368,286 

24,604 

392,785 

12,391 

(9) 69.764 

(12) 133,270 
(13)223.679 

17.331 

(12) 145,497 

(6) 67,317 

146,459 



(8) 



(9) 



4.911 or 



Blaine, 
Rep. 



(8) 
(3) 



59,144 
50,895 
102,416 
36,166 
65,898 
13,053 
28,031 
47,692 

(22) 337,411 
238,480 

(13) 197,089 
(9) 154,406 

118,122 
46,347 

(6) 71,716 
85.748 

(14) 146,724 
(13) 192,669 

(7) 111,685 

43,509 
202,929 

76,903 
7,193 

43,250 
123,366 
562,001 
125,068 

(23) 400,082 

(3) 26,860 
(30) 473,804 

(4) 19,030 
21,733 

124,090 

91,701 

(4) 39,514 

139,356 

63,090 

(11) 161,157 



(5) 
(3) 
(4) 



Butler, 

GrK 



762 
1,847 
2,017 
2,961 
1,685 
10 

135 

10,849 
8,293 

16,341 

1,693 

120 

3,994 

578 

24,382 

753 



26 

552 

3,456 

17,002 

5,170 

726 

17,002 

422 

957 
3,321 

785 

805 
4,598 



4,848.334 133,825 151,899 



St. John, 
Pro. 

610 

2,920 

762 

2,494 

64 

72 

168 

12,005 

3,028 

1,472 

4,954 

3,139 

338 

2,143 

2,827 

9,925 

18,403 

4,684 

2,153 
2,899 

1,571 

6,153 

25,001 

454 

11,269 

492 

15,737 

928 

1,151 

3,5<i8 

1,752 

138 

939 

7 656 



Thefigurps in parent h f^sps () indicate the Electoral Vote of each State 
and Party. Scatt ri-g, 1 1 ,362. 



OF AMERICAJ^ PROGRESS. 



501 



Progress of American Eailroads. 



Year, 

1830. 

1831. 

1832. 

1833 . 

1834. 

1835. 

1836. 

1837. 

1838 . 

1830 

1840. . 

1841. 

1842. 

1843. . 

1844. 

1845. . 

1846. 

1847., 

1848., 

1849., 

1850., 

1851 . 

1852., 

1853 

1854., 

1855.. 

1856., 

1857., 

1858.. 

1859.. 



Miles iu operation. 

23 

95 

229 

380 

633 

1,098 

1,273 

1,497 

1,913 

2,30-4 

2,818 

3,535 

4,026 

4,185 

4,377 

4,633 

4,930 

5,598 

5,996 

7,365 

9,021 

10,982 

12,908 

15,360 

16,720 

18,374 

22,016 

24,503 

26,968 

28,789 



Year. 

1860 

1861, 

1862 

1863, 

1864 

1865 

1866, 

1867, 

1868. 

1869, 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875, 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879 . 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 



Miles in 



operation. 

30,635 
31,286 
32,120 
33,170 

33,908 

35,085 

36,801 

39,250 

42,229 

46,844 

52,914 

60,293 

66,171 

70,268 

72,385 

74,096 

76,808 

79,088 

81,717 

86,463 

93,340 

103.145 

114,713 

121,454 

125,379 

128,967 

137,987 

148,987 



American Shipping— Tonaofe, Sail and Steam. 



1830, 
1840, 
1850. 
1860. 
1870 
1883. 



Sail, Tons. 
1,127,304 
1,978,445 
3,010,120 
4,485,931 
4,171,412 
2,386,587 



Steam, Tons. 

64,472 

202,309 

525,434 

867,937 

1,075,095 

1,41 ;3, 194 



Total, Ton,'^. 
1,191.770 
2,180,764 
3,535 454 
5,353,86S 
4,266,507 
3,799,751 



1886. No. of vessels over 100 tons— Steam, 548: Sail, 5,958. 



UNITED STATES CENSUS FOE 1880. 



Population of Cities containing upwards of 10,000. 



[official.] 



37. 



New York, N.Y.... 
Philadelphia, Pa... 
BrookljTi, N. Y.... 

Chicago, 111 

Boston, Mass. ... . . 

St. Louis, Mo 

Baltimore, Md 

Cincinnati,* O 

San Francisco, Cal . 
New Orleans, La . . . 

Cleveland, O 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Buffalo, N.Y 

Washington, D. C. . 

Newark, N. J 

Louisville, Ky 

Jersey City, N. J. . . 

Detroit, Mich 

Milwaukee, Wis. . . 
Providence, R.I... 

Albany, N.Y 

Rochester, N. Y — 

Allegheny, Pa 

Indianapolis, Ind. . 

Richmond, Va 

New Haven, Conn 

Lowell, Mass 

Worcester, Mass . . . 

Troy, N. Y 

Kansas City, Mo... 
Cambridge, Mass.. 

Syracuse, N. Y 

Columbus, O 

Paterson, N. J 

Toledo, O 

Charleston, S. C... 
Fall River, Mass . . . 
Minneapolis, Minn . 

Scranton, Pa 

Nashville, Tenn . . . 

Reading, Pa 

Hartford, Conn . . . . 
Wilmington, Del , . . 

Camden, N. J 

St. Paul, Minn.... 

Lawrence, Mass 

Dayton, O 

Lynn, Mass 

Denver, Col 

Oakland, Cal 

Atlanta, Ga 

Utica, N. Y 

Portland, Me 

Memphis, Tenn — 
Springfield, Mass. 



..1, 



206,590 

846,984 

566,689 

503,304 

362,585 

350,523 

332,190 

255,708 

233,956 

216,140 

160,143 

156,381 

155,137 

147,307 

136,400 

123,645 

120,728 

116,342 

115,578 

104,850 

90,903 

89,363 

78,681 

75,074 

63,803 

62,883 

59,485 

58,295 

56,747 

55,813 

52,740 

51,791 

51,665 

50,887 

50,143 

49,999 

49,006 

46,887 

45,850 

43,461 

43,280 

42,5.53 

42,499 

41,658 

41,498 

39,178 

38,677 

38,284 

35,630 

34,.556 

34,398 

33,913 

33,810 

a3,593 

33,340 



56. Manchester, N. H 


. 32,630 


57. St. Joseph, Mo 


. . 32,484 


58. Grand Rapids, Mich.... 


. . 32,015 


59. Wheeling, W. Va 


. 31,266 


60. Mobile, Ala 


.. 31,205 


61. Hoboken, N. J 


. . 30,999 


62. Harrisburg, Pa 


. . 30,762 


63. Savannah, Ga 


. . 30,681 


64. Omaha, Neb.. 


. . 30,518 


65. Trenton, N. J 


. . 29,910 




. . 29,720 


67. Peoria, 111 


. . 29,315 


68 Evansville, Ind 


.. 29,280 




. . 29,148 


70. Elizabeth, N. J 


. . 28,229 


71. Erie, Pa 


. . 27,730 


72. Salem, Mass 


. . 27,598 


73. Quincy, 111 


. , 27,275 


74. Fort Wayne, Ind 

75. New Bedford, Mass 


. . 26,880 


. . 26,875 


76. Terre Haute, Ind 


. . 26,040 


77. Lancaster, Pa 


. . 25,769 


78. Somerville, Mass 


. . 24,985 


79. Wilkesbarre, Pa 


. . 23,339 


80. Aiigusta, Ga 


. . 23,023 


81. Des Moines, Iowa 


. . 22,408 




. . 22,254 


83. Galveston, Tex 


. . 22,253 


84. Watervliet, N. Y 


. . 22,220 


85. Norfolk, Va 


.. 21,966 


86. Auburn, N.Y 


.. 21,924 


87 Holyoke Mass 


. . 21,851 


88. Davenport, Iowa 


. . 21,834 


89. Chelsea, Mass. 


. . 21,786 


90. Petersburgh, Va 


.. 21,655 


91. Sacramento, Cal 


.. 21,420 


92. Taunton, Mass 


.. 21,213 


93. Norwich, Conn 


.. 21,141 


94. Oswego, N. Y 


.. 21,117 


95. Salt Lake City, Utah. . . . 


. . 20,768 


96. Springfield, - 


. . 20,729 


97. Bay City, Mich 


. . 20,693 


98. San Antonio, Tex 


. . 20,561 


99. Elmira,N. Y 


. . 20,541 


100. Newport, Ky 


.. 20,433 


101 W^fltprhnrv Conn.... 


. . 20,269 


102. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. . . . 

103. Springfield, 111 

104. Altoona, Pa 


.. 20,207 


. . 19,746 


.. 19,716 


105. Burlington, Iowa 


. . 19,450 


106. Cohoes, N. Y 


., 19,417 


107. Gloucester, Mass 


.. 19,329 


108. Lewiston, Me 


. . 19,083 


109. Pawtucket, R. I 


.. 19,030 


110. East Saginaw, Mich. . . . 


. . 19,016 



* Several populous suburbs in the census of 1870 are excluded in 1880. 



111. Williamsport, Pa 18,934 

112. Yonkors, N. Y 18.892 

113. Houston, Texas 18,646 

114. Haverhill, Mass 18,475 

115. Lake Township, 111 18,396 

116. Kingston, N. Y 18,342 

117. Meriden, Conn 18,340 

118. Hempstead, N. Y 18,160 

119. Zanesville, Ohio 18,120 

120. Allentown, Pa 18,063 

121. Council Blufl's, Iowa 18,0.59 

122. Newburffh, N. Y ......... 18,050 

123. Wilmington, N. C 17,361 

124. Binghamton, N. Y'" 17,315 

125. Bloomington, 111 17,184 

126. New Brunswick, N.J 17,167 

127. Long Island City, N. Y . . . 17,117 

128. Newton, Mass 16,995 

129. Bangor, Me 16,857 

130. Montgomery, Ala. ....... . 16,714 

131. Lexington, Ky ... 16,656 

132. Johnstown, N. Y 16,626 

133. Leavenworth, Kan 16,550 

134. Akron, O 16,512 

135. New Albany, Ind 16,422 

136. Joliet, 111 16,145 

137. Jackson, Mich 16,105 

138. Woonsocket, R. 1 16,053 

139. Racine, Wis 16,031 

140. Lynchburg, Va 15,959 

141. Flushing, N. Y 15,919 

142. Sandusky, O 15,838 

143. Oshkosh, W^s 15,749 

144. Hyde Park, 111 15,716 

145. Newport, R. 1 15.603 

146. Topeka, Kan 15,451 

147. Youngstown, O 15,431 

148. Atchison, Kan 15,106 

149. Chester, Pa 14.996 

150. Lafayette, Ind 14,860 

151. Leadville, Col 14.820 

152. La Crosse, Wis 14,.505 

153. New Britain, Conn 13,978 

154. Norwalk, Conn 13.956 

155. Y^ork, Pa 13,940 

156. Concord, N. H 13,838 

157. Lincoln tp., R. I . . . 13,765 

158. Virginia City, Nev 13,705 

159. New Lots tp., N. Y 13,681 

160. Schenectady, N. Y^ 13,675 

161. Alexandria, Va 13,658 

162. Brockton, Mass 13.608 

163. Newburyport, Mass 13,537 

164. Lockport, N. Y 13,522 

165. Nashua, N. H 13,397 

166. Pittsfield, Mass 13,367 

167. South Bend, Ind 13,279 

168. Pottsville, Pa 13,253 

169. Orange, N. J 13,206 

17a Little Rock, Ark 13,185 

171. Rockford, 111 . . ., 13,136 

172. Foi^d-du-Lac, TVis 13,091 

173. Norristown, pa. 13,064 

174. Lincoln, Neb 13,004 

175. Chattanoog*, Tenn 12,892 

176. Macon, Ga 12,748 

177. Richmond, Ind 12,743 

178. Castlettm tp. , N. Y 12,679 



179. 
180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 
184. 
185. 
186. 
187. 
188. 
189. 
190. 
191. 
192. 
193. 
194. 
195. 
196. 
197. 
198. 
199. 
200. 
201. 
202. 
203. 
204. 
205. 
206. 
207. 
208. 
209. 
210. 
211. 
212. 
213. 
214. 
215. 
216. 
217. 
218. 
219. 
220. 
221. 
222. 
223. 
224. 
225. 
226. 
227. 
228. 
229. 
230. 
231. 
232. 
233. 
234. 
235. 
2.36. 
237. 
238. 
239. 
240. 
241. 
242. 
243. 
244. 
245. 



Cortlandt, N. Y^ 12,664 

Biddef ord. Me 12,652 

Georgetown, D. C 12,578 

San Jos^, Cal 12,567 

Fitchbiu-g, Mass 12.405 

Canton, O 12,258 

Northampton, Mass 12,172 

Warwick, R. 1 12,163 

Rutland, Vt 12,149 

Hamilton,© 12,122 

Keokuk, Iowa 12,117 

Steubenville, O 12.093 

Rome, N. Y 12,045 

Maiden, Mass 12,017 

Kalamazoo, Mich 11,937 

Easton, Pa 11,924 

Oyster Bay tp., N. Y 11,923 

AiTrora, 111 11,825 

Vicksburg, Miss 11,814 

Middletown, Conn 11.731 

Amsterdam, N. Y 11.711 

Waltliam, Mass 11,711 

Dover, N. H 11,687 

Danbury, Conn 11,669 

Rock Island, 111 11,660 

Derby, Conn 11,649 

Brookhaveu, N. Y 11,544 

Wallkill, N. Y 11,483 

Galesburg, 111 11.446 

Portsmouth, Va 11,388 

Burlington, Vt 1 1 ,364 

Chicopee, Mass 11,325 

Portsmouth, O 11,314 

Los Angeles, Cal 11,311 

Stamford, Conn 11 ,292 

Muskegon, Mich 11 ,262 

Logansport, Ind 11,191 

Attleboroiigh, Mass 11,111 

Hannibal, Mo 11,074 

Shreveport, La 11,017 

Austin, Texas , 10,960 

Chilicothe, 10,938 

Woburn, Mass 10,938 

Jacksonville, 111 10,927 

Saratoga Springs, N. Y . . . 10,822 

Fishkill,N. Y 10,732 

Watertown, N. Y 10,697 

Belleville, 111 10,682 

W^eymouth, Mass 10,571 

Quincy, Mass 10,529 

New London. Conn 10,529 

Saginaw, Mich 10,525 

Jefifersonville, Ind 10,422 

Saugerties, N . Y 10,375 

Dallas, Texas 10,358 

Ogdensburgh, N. Y 10,340 

Madison, Wis 10,.325 

Stockton, C;.l 10.287 

Lenox, N.Y 10,249 

Winona, Minn 10,208 

North Adams, Mass 10,192 

Shenandoah , Pa 10,148 

Marlborough, Mass 10,126 

Eau Claire, Wis 10,116 

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 10,104 

Jamaica, N.Y 10,089 

Columbia, S.C 10,040 



504 



KATIONAL HAND BOOK. 



RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. 
Their organizations and statistics for 1887. 



Denomination. 



Adventist or Millerites 

Baptist, Regular 

" An ti- Mission 

'' Free-Will 

" Seventh Day 

Church of God, Winebrennarians. 

Congregational 

Disciples of Christ or Campbellites 

Dunkards or Brethren 

Friends, " Orthodox " 

Friends, " Hicksites " 

Jews 

Lutheran 

Mennonites 

Methodist Episcopal 

" Epis'l, South 

'' Epis'l, African 

" Epis'l, African Zion.. 

" Epis'l, Colored 

' ' Evangelical 

" Free 

' ' Primitive 

' ' Protestant 

" Congregational 

' ' Wesleyan 

Moravian 

Mormons 

Presbyterian, Associate Reformed 

" Cumberland 

" North 

'* South.... 

'* United 

Protestant Episcopal 

Reformed Episcopal 

Reformed Church in America. . . . 
Reformed Church iu United States 

Roman Catholic 

United Brethren 

Universalists 



1833 
1639 



1780 
1671 
1830 
1620 

1827 
1719 
1672 
1828 



1742 
1683 

1784 
1845 
1816 
1816 
1874 
1800 
1860 
1843 
1830 
1852 
1843 
1736 
1830 
1743 
1810 
1684 
1861 
1858 
1785 
1873 
1619 
1727 
1634 
1784 
1779 



600 

28,953 

900 

1,414 

93 

475 

2,277 

4,552 

800 

700 

250 

269 

7,045 

400 

20,263 

10,951 

2,800 

2,200 

2,016 

1,808 

358 

125 

1,799 

70 

495 

83 

654 

49 

2,494 

6,437 

2,159 

868 

4,565 

79 

520 

1,467 

6,755 

4,335 

891 



700 

16,191 

400 

1,258 

85 

450 

4,090 

3,330 

1,853 

720 

100 

202 

3,804 

250 

11,676 

4,319 

1,882 

2,000 

638 

953 

263 

27 

1,500 

23 

267 

97 

3,900 

40 

1,538 

5,654 

1,072 

737 

3,799 

68 

549 

780 

7,370 

2,253 

2,253 



a 

80,000 

2,572,238 

45,000 

77,929 

8.591 

45,000 

436.379 

850,000 

100,000 

75,000 

25,000 

18,000 

911,267 

50,000 

1,659,816 

931,150 

391,044 

300,000 

125,000 

119,758 

12,719 

3,716 

130,000 

20,000 

23,590 

10,181 

140,000 

6,500 

126,911 

696,827 

135,201 

88,871 

397,192 

7,877 

81,880 

172,949 

6,830,000 

173,000 

33,223 



OF AMERICAK PKOGRESS. 



507 



RATE OF MORTALITY IN AMERICAN CITIES. 
Number of deaths per annum in one thousand inhabitants. 



CITIES. 



Atlauta, Ga 

Baltimore, Md .... 

Boston, Mass 

Brooklyn, N. Y... 

Buffalo, N. Y 

Charleston, S. C. . 

Chicago, III 

Cincinnati, Uhio. . 
Cleveland, Ohio. . . 

Dayton, Ohio 

Denver, Col 

Detroit, Mich 

Galveston , Texas . . 
Jacksonville, Fhi. . 
Louisville, Ky. . . . 
Los Angeles, Cal . . 

Lowell, Mass 

IMcniphis, Teiin . . . 
Milwaukee, Wis. . 
Minneapolis, Minn 

Mobile, Ala 

Nasliville, Teim. . . 

Newark, N. J 

New Haven, Conn. 
New Orleans, La. . 

New York 

Omaha, Nel) 

Patei-son, N. J. . . 
Philadelphia, Pa. . 

Pittsburg, Pa 

Portland. Me 

Portland, Oregon. 
Providence, R. I. . 

Reading, Pa 

Richmond, Va 

Rochester, N. Y... 
San Francisco, Cal 
St. Paul, Minn . . . 

St. Louis, Mo 

Toledo, Ohio 

Washington, D. C. 
Yonkers, N. Y..., 



1875 



2L28 
25 00 
25 91 

20.29 
20.;j9 

14.22 



27. 79 
14.04 

22.00 
4;j.l7 
20. '9 
20.79 

27.80 
29.79 

:u).94 
2i.y5 

21.09 



18.94 
19.55 
21.97 
24.89 
19 28 

28.88 
24.90 
29.08 
19.29 



1878. 


1880. 


1887. 




19.8 


14.86 


17.2(5 


24.7 


19.98 


21.60 


23.5 


24.90 


19.72 


24.0 


21.80 

18.42 


27.18 


81.9 


36.02 


15.70 


20.8 


19.48 


18.83 


20.9 


18.98 




20.4 


16.78 


15.00 


15.3 


15.53 
15.60 
20.6i 
17.45 




28.4 


14.50 




21.2 


15.50 
10.00 




22.4 


23.40 




31.0 


22.86 


18.87 


21.5 


18.00 
18.40 


15.98 


24.4 


31.20 


20.00 


23.8 


17.92 




21.4 


28.44 


17.90 


18.5 


17.40 


80.10 


24.2 


25.10 


25.24 


26.7 


25.96 
11.06 


19.29 




22.83 


18.08 


20.9 


20.59 


19.49 


22.1 


20.01 
17.98 
10 00 


19.75 


20.1 

18.8 


19.62 


17.87 


27.0 


17.87 


15.65 




17.06 


80.81 


26.8 


17.86 
12.98 


21.66 


19.2 


21.64 


12.82 




18.89 


24.20 


22.29 


33.21 


12.60 


14.3 





508 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 



HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL PARTIES OF 
THE UNITED STATES. 

[See each administration for popular vote of each.] 

1776-1789. The Whigs (Liberty Men or 
Particularists) were in power during the war for inde- 
pendence, and under the confederation, and advocated 
separation from Great Britain. Upon the adoption of 
the Constitution, 1787, they were divided on the powers 
of the government, the strong government men favored 
a federal government under the Constitution, and were 
called The Federals led by Jay, Hamilton and 
Madison; the other opposed any change in the articles 
of confederation, and were called The Anti-Fedev- 
ulSf led by Patrick Henry, John Hancock, Samuel 
Adams and George Clinton. THE OPPOSITION 
were the Tories, who favored the Crown. 

1789-1801. The Federals were in power 
under Presidents Washington and Adams, and effected 
an amicable adjustment of the many intricate ques- 
tions involved in the formation of the government. 
The Church and State Party was composed of 
Federals who favored such a union. THE OPPOSI- 
TION were The Anti-Federals, or Democratic Repub- 
licans. 

1801-1841. The Democratic Itepuh- 
licans or DeniOCf^atS were in power under Jeffer- 
son and Burr, 1800 ; Jefferson and Clinton, 1804 ; 



HISTORY OF POLITICAL PARTIES, 509 

Madison and Clinton, 1808 ; Madison and Gerry, 1812 ; 
Monroe and Tompkins, 1816 ; J. Q. Adams and Cal- 
houn, 1824 ; Jackson and Calhoun, 1828 , Jackson and 
Van Buren, 1832 ; and Van Buren and Johnso?i, 1836. 
They favored the Non-intercourse Act, 1809 ; the 
second war with England, 1812 ; the purchase of 
Florida, 1819 ; the Missouri Compromise, 1820 ; the 
Monroe Doctrine, 1823 ; a Protective Tariff, 1828 ; 
vetoed nullitication, 1832 ; the annexation of Texas, 
1836 ; free trade, 1840. The CliutOilians were a 
faction led by Governor Clinton of New York, grow- 
ing out.of the issues of the war of 1812. The opposi- 
tion to national interference of State rights in South 
Carolina ,1831 under Jackson's administration gave 
rise to The KHUificatiofl Party, led by J. C. 
Calhoun. The Hiirrites, followers of Aaron Burr, 
occasioned by a division in the Democratic-Repub- 
lican ranks at the election of Jefferson, 1800. The 
People^S JPciVty was the result of a division of the 
Democrats of the State of New York in the campaign 
of 1823. One favored the choice of Presidential elec- 
tors by the people, the other by the State legislators. 
In 1835-Y a faction of the Democrats in New York 
city organized The JEqual Rights Party. They 
opposed the regular Democrats in Convention at 
Tammany Hall, and during great confusion the lights 
were put out. The Equal Rights Men at once re- 
lighted the room with candles and loco-foco matches. 
From this date and incident they were designated 



510 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Loco-Foco JPavty, and for a time it was applied 
to tlie wliole Democratic party by the opposition. 
THE OPPOSING parties during tkis term of forty 
years were tlie federals, led by Adams and Pinckney, 
1800,Pinckney and King,1804-S; Clinton and Ingersol, 
1812 ; King and Howard, 1816; J. Q. Adams and Stock- 
ton, 1820, [In the campaign of 1824, the three factions 
of Democrats wore led by J. Q. Adams and — , Jackson 
and Calhoun and Crawford and Santord, the Whigs led 
by Clay and Macon. There being !io choice by the peo- 
ple, J. Q. Adams was declared President by the House 
of Representatives] by Adams and Rush, 1828, Clay 
and Sergeant, 1832, Harrison and Granger, 1836. The 
Secessionists : — Tiie federals opposed the purchase 
of Louisiana, 1819, upon the plea that it would give 
the balance of power to the South. Here started the 
first Secession movement, led in the North by Aaron 
Burr, candidate for Governor of New York. His elec- 
tion was defeated by the efforts of Alex. Hamilton, 
which resulted in a duel, fatal to Hamilton. They 
hoped to join issues with the disaffected Democrats or 
Burrites, and thus carry tlie next Presidential election; 
The Peace JParty was a faction of the Federals 
opposed to the second war with England, 1812. The 
Hartford Convention, 1814, composed of Federal 
delegates from New England, in session three weeks 
with closed doors, advocated peace with Great Britain s 
this proved the death of the Federal Party. The 
Anti'Hasonic JParty sought to exclude Masons 



HISTORY OF POLITICAL PARTIES. 511 

from office. It grew out of tlie exciiement following 
the disappearance of William Morgan, 1826, at Niagara, 
for threatening to expose the secrets of Masonry. In 
the campaign of 1828 they nominated William 
Wirt, Maryland, and II. Lee, Massachusetts. The 
National Hep uhlican Party were the advo- 
cates of J. Q. Adams for a second term. After their 
defeat in the campaign of 1828 took this name pre- 
fixing "National" to the term Republican, in 1832, 
nominated Henry Clay, Kentucky, and J. Ser- 
geant, Pennsylvania. They were close constructionists, 
and claimed to represent the national policy ; while 
the Jackson party adhered to the term Democrat, drop- 
ping the appendage Republican : Democi-atic Repub- 
lican being the party name of the previous administra- 
tion of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and J. Q. Adams. 
The Whig Partij {Seeond)^ 1831, were composed 
of National Republicans, Anti-Masons, most of the 
Nullifiers and many Democrats disaffected on account 
of the high-handed measures of President Jackson 
regarding the National Bank and Deposits. In the 
campaign of 1836 they were divided ; one faction 
nominated W. H. Harrison, Ohio, and F. Granger, 
New York. The other nominated D. Webster, Mas- 
sachusetts, and William Smith, Alabama. The Tn- 
depefldeflts^ disaffected members of other parties 
in the campaign of 1832 nominated J. Floyd, Vir- 
ginia, and W. Wilkins, Pennsylvania ; 1836 nominated 
H. L. White, Tennessee, and J. Tyler, Virginia. The 



512 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

Abolition I^avfy organized at Warsaw, New York, 
1839, opposed slavery, and changed their name to the 
Liberty Party in 1840, nominating J. G. Birney, New 
York, and Thomas Earle. 

1841-1845. The Whig Partj/ was in 

power under Harrison and Tyler. The canvass was 
known as the "Log Cabin" and "Hard Cider" Cam- 
paign. The Native American Party was an 
off -shoot of the Whig, 1843, and favored "Natives" 
for office, and opposed foreigners. The Liberty 
League was a division of the Liberty Party, 1845, 
and maintained that slavery was unconstitutional. 
Garrett Smith, of New York, and C. C. Foot, 
of Michigan, were their Presidential candidates. 
THE OPPOSITION were the Democratic Party, with 
Van Buren and Johnson as candidates. The Sunk- 
ers and l^arnburners were names applied to the 
Democrats that were divided on minor topics in the 
State of New York. The Liberals called Barnburners 
favored Van Buren, and returned to the Democratic 
Party in 1848. The Hunkers favored John L.Dicken- 
son, joined the Abolition Party. 

1845-1849. The Democratic I^arty 

was in power under Polk and Dallas. They advocated 
and carried to a successful issue the Mexican War. 
THE OPPOSITION were the Whig Party, led by H 
Clay, Kentucky, and T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey, 
as candidates for the Presidency and the Liberty Party, 
led by Birney and Morris. 



HISTORY OF POLITICAL PARTIES. 513 

1849-1853. The Whigs were in power 
under Taylor and Filmore and favored the compromise 
measures of 1850. The Free Soil JParty was a 
fusion of the Liberty Party and Hunkers, taking 
its name from a term in their platform of principles, 
1848, and opposed the extension of slavery ; led by 
Martin Van Buren, New York, and B. M. Johnson 
Kentucky. The Silver Grey Party was a divis- 
ion of the Whig Party on the compromise question. 
The American or Know -Nothing JParty 
sought to exclude foreigners from office. Its principles 
were embodied in a speech of Senator Wright: " We 
do not object to foreigners riding in our carriage, but 
we propose to hold the reins." THE OPPOSITION 
was the Democratic Party with L. Cass, Michigan, and 
W. 0. Buller, Kentucky, as candidates. 

1853-1861. '"i^^ie Democrats were in power 
under Pierce and King, 1853 ; Buchanan and Brecken- 
ridge, 185'7 ; pledged to support the Missouri Compro- 
mise of 1850, favored the fugative slave law, the Dred 
Scott decision. State Rights, Kansas and Nebraska Bill 
1854, admission of new States without restriction as to 
slavery. THE OPPOSITION were the Whig, Free 
Soil, Silver Grey, American, Anti-Nebraska or Fusion 
Party, and Republicans. The Whigs, led Scott and 
Graham as candidates, their defeat disintegrated the 
party ; those favoring pro-slavery joined the Demo- 
crats ; the Free Soilers nominated Hale and Julian ; the 
Anti-Nebraska or Fusion Farty opposed the 



514 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

extension of slavery. It was started upon the repeal of 
the Missouri Compromise, 1854, and was composed of 
Whigs, Democrats, Free Soilers and Republicans ; 
they merged with the Republican Party in 185G. 
The Republican JParty was composed of "all the 
opponents of slavery extension." Several states perfect- 
ed organizations in 1855. In the campaign of 185G they 
led as candidates J. C. Freemont, California, and W.L. 
Dayton, New Jersey. The American Party nominated 
M. Filmore, New York, and A. J. Donaldson, Tennes 
see, the minority in the conventioa opposed the plat- 
form and nominated N. P. Banks and W. F. Johnson. 

1861-1885. The Bej}ubUcmi Party 

were in power under Lincoln and Hamlin, 1861 ; Lin- 
coln and Johnson, 1865 ; Grant and Colfax, 1869 ; 
Grant and Wilson, 1873 ; Mayes and Wheeler, 1877 ; 
Garfield and Arthur, 1881. It opposed the extension 
of slavery, and secession by force of arms, repealed 
the Fugitive Slave Law, emancipated the slaves, by 
Constitutional Amendments, secured suffrage to the 
colored race, put down the four years' rebellion, recon- 
structed the South, etc. The Liberal JRe^nib- 
licans, 1871, grew out of the dissatisfaction with 
Grant's administration, and were opposed to a presi- 
dential third term, and in the campaign, 1872, nomi- 
nated II. Greeley, New York, and B. G. Brown, Mis- 
souri. The Labor Iteform Party, 1870, was 
composed chiefly of " Trade Unions." Tlieir Candi- 
dates David Davis and Joel Parker declined the nomi- 



HISTORY OF POLITICAL PAKTTKS. 515 

nation. The Grangers or Patrons of Husbandry, 
1872, encouraged co-operation and economy among 
farmers and the improvement of their material and 
moral condition. Primarily non-partisan. Politics and 
designing men led to its abandonment. The Tem- 
perance Party 9 1872, was a national combination 
of local temperance organizations with James Black, 
Pennsylvania, and A. 11. Colquitt, Georgia, as candi- 
dates. In 1870 it changed its name to The " Pro- 
hibition Partf//^ and nominated G. 0. Smith, 
Kentucky, and G. T. Stuart, Ohio. In 1880 they 
nominated Neil Dow, Maine, and A. II. Thompson, 
Ohio. The National {Greenback) Party 
grew out of the panic of 1873, and favored the increase 
of paper money, and making it legal tender for all 
debts including customs, and, in the ca?npaign of 1876 
were led by Peter Cooper, New York, and S. F. Cary, 
Ohio, and in 1880 by J. B. Weaver, Iowa, and B. J. 
Chambers, Texas. The National Christian 
Association opposed secret societies, the liquor 
traffic, Sabbath desecration, etc. Met at Columbus, 
Ohio, and nominated, 1872, James Black, Pennsylvania, 
and John Russell, Michigan ; at Pittsburgh, 187(3, J. 
B. Walker, Illinois, and D. K. Patrick, New York ; 
at Chicago, 1880, J. W. Phelps, Vermont, and S. C. 
Pomroy, District Columbia. THE OPPOSITION 
were the Democrats ; a lack of harmony in their 
National Convention at Charleston, April 23d 1860, 
led to an adjournment at Richmond, June 11th ; they 



516 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

failed to agree on a platform ; most of the southern 
delegates withdrew and met in Baltimore, June 28th, 
and nominated J. C. Breckenridge, Kentucky, and J. 
Lane, Oregon. Upon their defeat at the election they 
advocated secession and their followers in the South 
supported the Southern Confederacy. The Consti- 
tutional Union IParty, i860, favored State 
Rights and put in nomination John Bell, Tennessee, 
and Edward Everett, Massachusetts. The Regulars 
or Union Democrats nominated S. A. Douglass, Illinois, 
H. V. Johnson, Georgia, 1860 ; G. B. McClellan, New > 
Jersey, and G. H. Pendleton, Ohio, 1864 ; H. Seymour, 
New York, and F. P. Blair, Missouri, 1868 ; H. Greeley, 
New York, and B. G. Brown, Missouri, 1872 (Uniting 
with the" Liberal Republicans); S. Tilden, New York, 
and T. H. Hendricks, Lidiana, 1876. [Although the 
Democratic Ticket received 250,970 more votes than 
the Republicans, the election was contested in Louis- 
iana, South Carolina, Florida and Oregon, and an 
Electoral Commission decided in favor of Hayes and 
Wheeler.] "W. S. Hancock, Pennsylvania, and W. H. 
English, Indiana, 1880. The Straight Out 
Democrats^ 1872, opposed the fusion of the Demo- 
crats with the Liberal Republicans and met in Louis- 
ville and nominated Charles O'Conor, New York, and 
0. F. Adams, Massachusetts. 

1 88 5 • The Democrats in power 

under Cleveland and Hendricks, pledged to Civil Ser- 
vice Reform and reduction of the Tariff. THE OPPO- 
SITION were the Republicans, led by Blaine and 
Logan; the Prohibition and Labor parties each 
polled a large vote. 



THE TARIFF. • 

HISTORICAL AND EXPLANATORY. 

The name is derived from the Moorish town of 
Tarifa, north of the Strait of Gibraltar, where duties 
were collected u^^on articles of African commerce. 
It is in general a table or list of duties, drawbacks and 
bounties charged or allowed on the importation or ex- 
portation of goods from one country, or state, to 
aiiother, and is a plan for raising money for the ex- 
penses of government, by which it is collected in the 
custom-houses, from duties on imports, and not taken 
directly from the people by excise or internal revenue 
taxes. This is the cheapest way to get the necessary 
revenue, and it saves the people from the annoying vis- 
itations of the tax gatherers. A law of Congress fixes 
the amount of duties on imports in the United States. 

The first United States tariff law on imported goods 
was approved July 4, 1781). Its preamble recited : 

"Whereas, it is necessary for the support of the government, 
the discharge of the debts of the United States, and the en- 
couragement of manufacturers, that duties be laid on goods, 
wares and merchandise imported." 

A small tax was then imposed at the suggestion of 
Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, upon 
sugar, coffee, tea, salt, manufactured iron, glass, wool, 
silk goods and several articles of minor importance. In 
the Congress of 1823-4 it became a party question, with 
ups and downs ever since. While the rate of duty has 
fluctuated, the general tendency has been toward in- 
crease, but since the war toward decrease. In 1882 the 
President appointed a Tariff Commission ; their report 



520 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

in the main wae adopted in 1883. The average of duty 
on all imported merchandise, free and dutiable, was, in 
1868, 46.55 per cent.; the average rate in 1888 is 31.03 
per cent. With the exception of a few years when An- 
drew Jackson was President, and the national debt 
paid off (1835) the different Congresses, Democratic 
as well as Republican, have maintained the duties upon 
the imports of the country. Republicans are mainly 
responsible for the present tariff (1888) laws, but Dem- 
ocratic Representatives from manufacturing districts 
have of late years given cheerful aid to the maintenance 
of a protective tariff. 

The Free List are articles exempt from duty. 

A Tariff for Revenue is a duty, or tax imposed (direct 
or indirect) to aid in the support of the government. 
A direct tax is one which is levied upon the very persons 
who it is intended should pay it as a poll-tax and a tax 
on articles manufactured by a person or company. An 
indirect tax is one which it is intended should be paid by 
another than the person levied upon, as customs duties. 

Duties are of three kinds — ad ?;«?ore7?i, specific and com- 
bined. An ad valorem duty is a tax assessed at a certain 
percent, on the dutiable or market value of the merchan- 
dise at the port of export. A specific duty is a tax 
assessed at a certain sum per ton, foot, etc., without 
reference to value. Combined duty is a specific and ad 
valorem duty on certain goods. 

A Protective Tariff is a tax on foreign goods brought 
into this country, so levied as to collect the larger part 
of the revenue necessary to operate the general govern- 
ment from articles which can be made or raised in this 
country (which it is claimed has the effect to protect 



THE TARIFF. 521 

and encourage American industries), while it encour- 
ages the importation of necessary foreign products 
such as tea, coffee, &c., that we cannot produce, by 
admitting them free of duty. 

The different opinions held concerning the tariff may 
be classified under two topics — that of 

Protection and Free Trade. 

Protectionists have generally demanded that no 
duties should be laid on tea, coffee, spices, tropical 
fruits, woods, roots and barks, ivory, cochineal, and 
products not producible in the United States, owing to 
lack of climate, soil, or other natural facilities for their 
production. 

Free Traders have asked that duties be laid upon 
these things only, and maintain that the prosperity of 
a state or nation can best be promoted by freeing the 
exchange of all commodities and services between its 
own people, and between its own people and the people 
of other nations, to the greatest possible extent from 
all interferences and obstructions. But Free Trade is 
not antagonistic to the imposition of equitable duties 
on imports, provided the end sought to be obtained is 
simply revenue, and the circumstances of the state 
render such form of taxation expedient. 

The Free Traders assert that the general result for 
which all men labor is to increase the abundance or to 
diminish the scarcity of those things which are essen- 
tial to their subsistence and happiness. Different 
countries exhibit great diversity as to soil, climate, 
natural products and opportunity, and therefore every 
individual and every country should follow the trade or 
produce the fruit or material for which it is best calcula- 



522 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 

ted; and for the mutual benefit of all, the greatest possible 
facility should be afforded to producers for the inter- 
change of their several products and services. This 
Free Trade between man and man, it is maintained, is 
in accordance with the teachings of nature, and by 
rendering commodities cheap, tends to promote abun- 
dance and to increase consumption. 

Free Traders claim that the first effect of the^tariff 
may be to give an impulse and activity to business, but 
in a short time the increased cost of production, and 
the advance in the price of labor and the products of 
labor, will be greater than the profits arising from a 
tariff, and that a nation or a community can attain the 
greatest prosperity and secure to its peoj^le the greatest 
degree of material abundance, only when it utilizes its 
natural resources and labor to the best advantage and 
with the least waste and loss, whatever may be the 
nominal rate of wages paid to its laborers. 

Protectionists wish all duties placed on those arti- 
cles of foreign production which compete with our 
own products in our own markets, and to the extent of 
their importation suspend the profitable employment of 
our capital engaged in such production and discharge 
our laborers from employment. 

Free Traders desire, on the other hand, that for- 
eign articles which compete with our own products, 
viz.: iron and steel manufactures, wool, woolens, cot- 
ton goods, silks, crockery, salt, lumber, coal, sugar, &c., 
be either placed on the free list, or admitted under the 
lowest possible duties. 

Free Traders put their free list exactly where Protec- 
tionists desire to put the duties, and vice versa — Pro- 



THE TARIFF. 523 

tectionists put the duties exactly where Free Traders put 
their free list. As to articles iii whose production 
we cannot compete, Protectionists are the party of 
free trade and the so-called Free Traders are the 
Protectionists. 

Protectionists also generally desire specific duties, 
i.e., duties levied on the article according to its weight, 
bulk, length, per yard, per ton, or per dozen, as afford- 
ing less room for fraudulent evasions of the revenue. 

Free Traders generally desire duties laid ad valorem, 
i.e., according to the estimated value of the article, 
but not necessarily the same ad valorem rate on all 
articles. No nation in the world practises free trade 
in its absolute sense. In all there is some form of 
tariff on imports, thus producing a revenue for support- 
ing the government. Turkey, Portugal, Greece and 
England are technically Free Traders, but with unprom- 
ising results. England was the first nation to practise the 
protective system, and her tariff still is protective in 
some respects. 

Other countries having protective tariffs are France, 
Eussia, Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Nor- 
way, Denmark, Australia, the United States, Canada 
and Mexico. 

The United States has never removed the tariff from 
all imported articles ; various articles have been dutiable 
and then admitted free — but the free articles have been 
always few in comparison with the number dutiable. 

All cargoes must be entered and duties paid before 
permission is given to discharge. 

A bonded warehouse is a place for the storage of 
merchandise on which duties have not been paid. 



524 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES. 

From the Official Report of Commerce and Navigation of 
the United States for the year ending June 30th, 1887.* 



Free List. 



Animals, n.e.eif Cattle, horseb, sheep, 

etc., for breeding purposes 

Akt Wobks, n.e.e: 

Paintings, statuary, production of 

American artists etc 

Asphaltum or bitumen, crude lbs. 

Bark, hemlock cwts. 

Bolting Cloths 

Books, maps, &c., 20 years old n. e. e. 

Cabinets of coins, medals, etc 

Chemicals, dbugs and dyes, n.e.e. : 

Alizarine, natural or artificial. lbs. 

Argal, or crude tartar lbs. 

Barks: Cinchona (quinia) — lbs. 

Cochineal lbs. 

Dye-woods — Logwood, etc. . .tons 

Gums — Arabic lbs. 

Camphor, crude lbs. 

Catechu, terra japonica, or gambia 

Shellac lbs. 

Gums and resins, n.e.e lbs. 

Indigo lbs. 

Lime, chloride of lbs. 

Licorice root lbs. 

Mineral waters, all not artificial .g. 

Potash, muriate of lbs. 

Quinia, sulphate of oz. 

Sarsaparilla lbs. 

Soda, nitrate of lbs. 

Sulphur, or brimstone, crude tons 

Vanilla beans lbs. 

Cocoa, crude, leaves and shells of.. lbs. 

Cofifee lbs. 

Coir (cocoa) yarn lbs. 

Cork wood, or bark, unmanuf'd 

Cotton, unmanufactured. lbs. 

Diamonds, rough or uncut, also dust.. 

Eggs doz. 

Farinaceous substances, n.e.e 

Fertilizers : — Guano tons 

Phosphates, crude or native . . . 

All other 



Quantities. 



55,105,035 

60,587 



2,095,212 

22,024,768 

4,788,044 

492,304 

59,265 

467,782 

2,857,232 

25,598,212 

4,722,538 

16,582,619 

3,469,182 

103,087,827 

79,603,835 

1,834,411 

38,569,614 

2,753,962 

919,695 

172,174.889 

97,383 

137,479 

12,271,558 

526,109,170 

4,605,529 



3,924,531 
13,936,054 



12,804 
26,552 



Values. 



$ 3,136,081 



495,562 
100,697 
272,956 
271,693 
968,466 
231,370 

356,748 

3,412,987 

741,830 

139,146 

1,044,219 

160,740 

350,529 

1,211,257 

564,251 

2,251,139 

2,734,117 

1,573,167 

1.670,041 

379,149 

574,097 

1,143,630 

119,313 

2,614.161 

1,688,360 

755,413 

1,670,012 

56,347,600 

141,091 

1,239.247 

533,928 

295,856 

1,960,396 

721,404 

338 467 

247,911 

1,182,187 



•Items of minor Importance are not specified for want of space. 
tNot elsewhere enumerated. 



OF AMERICAI^ PROGRESS. 525 

IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATED— Contmued. 



Feee List. 



Fish, n.e.e.:— Fresh— Salmon lbs. 

Fish— fresh. All other 

Lobsters, canned or preserved 

All other 

Fruits, including nuts, n.e.e.: 

Bananas 

Cocoaniits 

Pine Apples 

Furs and fur skins, undressed 

Hair, n e.e 

Hides and skins, other than fur 
SKINS: — Goat skins 

All other 

Household effects, wearing apparel and 
tools of trade of persons from for- 
eign countries, and of citizens of 

the U. S. dying abroad 

India rubber and gutta percha, crude. 
Ivory: — Animal lbs. 

Vegetable lbs. 

Oils, n.e.e.: — Fixed or expressed. . . . 

Volatile or essential lbs. 

Paper stock, crude: — Eags lbs 

All other than woolen 

Plaster of Paris, or sulphate of lime. . 

Platinum, unmanufactured lbs 

Plumbago . cwts 

Seeds, not medicinal, n.e.e 

Silk, unmanufactured: — Cocoons. lbs, 

Eggs (silk worms) lbs. 

Raw, from the cocoon lbs. 

Waste 

Spices, unground: — Cloves lbs. 

Nutmegs lbs. 

Pepper lbs. 

All other 

Tea lbs. 

Tin, bars, blocks, or pigs lbs. 

Wood, unmanufactured, n.e.e 

Articles free by treaty with Hawai 
IAN Islands: — Rice lbs. 

Molasses gals. 

Sugar, brown lbs. 

Other free articles 

Total imports free of duty . 



Quantities. 



1,104,090 
27,420,847 



28,649,446 

164,284 

5,776 515 

18,268,778 

1,492,041 

120,571,949 



Values. 



146 533 

3,863 

169,021 



540,192 



4,599,574 

888, 32f 



1,288,559 
13,255,161 
15,769,381 

89,831,221 
29,645,511 



9,263,700 
113,574 

218,290,835 



119,361 

646,298 

337.047 

68,961 

2,682,143 

819,271 

437,009 

2,476,285 

2,405,110 

5,848,128 
18,370,973 



2,643,999 

13,756,783 

485,508 

144,663 

850,277 

884,945 

2,111,422 

2,429,176 

169 492 

43,',516 

331,621 

595,737 

407,517 

4.712 

18,687,245 

543,323 

258,420 

539,291 

1,819,609 

953,752 

16,771 802 

6,927,696 

3,548,191 

383,985 

14.712 

9,255,351 

8,336,268 



234,221,131 



526 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



IMPORTS ENTERED FOR CONSUMPTION. 

[From the Official Report of the United States for 1887.] 

Note.— The staple or more important articles only are enumerated in 
this list; with the specific duty on each, » 



Dutiable Articles. 



Animals, n. e. e* 

Antimony 

Art works, paintings, statuary, etc, . 

Barley 

Books, maps, engravings, etc, n, e. e 

Brass, manufactures of, n, e. e 

Bristles 

Brooms and brushes 

Buttons, n. e, e 

Cement, Portland and all others. . . 
Chemicals, Drugs, Dyes, etc.: 

Alkalies and Salts . 

Coal-tar colors or dyes, n. e. e . . . 

Gelatine 

Glycerine, crude i 

Logwood and dye-woods 

Opium, crude 

do. prepared, n. e. e 

Potash, nitrate of, or saltpetre. . . 

Soda, hydrate or caustic 

Soda, ash , 

Sumac, extract, 20 pr. ct. ground 

Proprietary preparations 

Total chemicals, drugs, etc 

Chicory root 

Clocks and watches: clocks 

Watches, and parts of 

Coal, bituminous 

Copper ores 

Corsets 

Cotton Mfs : Thread, yarn, etc 

Cloth, at 10c. or less sq. yd 

do. dyed, col'd or i)rinted, 13c 

or less 8({. yd. . . . 

value i;3c. or over eq. yd. . 
value 15c. or less sq. yd. . . 
value over IHc. sq. yd 



do. 
do. 
do. 



Damask and velvet (cotton). 



Values. 



Rate of Duty. 



^4,665,060 20 per cent. 

l'J2,002|10 per cent, 
1,025,1)06 30 per cent. 
6,152,825 10c. bushel. 
2 73(;,i3S25 per cent. 

405,756 35 & 45 pr. ct. 
1,156,435 15c. per lb. 

557,347 30 per cent. 
3,772,927 25 per cent. 
1,101,904 20 per cent. 

25 per cent, 
35 per cent. 
30 per cent. 
5c. per lb. 
10 per cent. 
|1 per lb. 
."110 per lb. 
Ic. i)er lb. 
Ic. per lb. 
jC. per lb. 
jV)C. per lb. 
50 per cent. 



386,140 

1,540 813 

219,357 

826,745 

245,036 

1,069,918 

549,040 

298,070 

1,608.490 

2,857,930 

406,378 

235,475 



13,285,226 

163,682 

378,079 

1,503 023 

2,692 087 

209,005 

1,058,793 

919,702 

314,930 

460,800 

1,036,606 

270,767 

677,546 

2,833,126 



2c. per lb. 
30 per cent. 
25 per cent. 
75c. per ton. 
2ic. per lb. 
35 per cent. 
10 @ 48c. lb. 
4c. per. sq. yd. 

5c. per sq, yd. 
40 per cent, 
6c, per sq. yd. 
40 per cent. 
40 per cent. 



*Not elsewhere enumerated. 



OF AMERICAN" PROGRESS. 



527 



Dutiable Articles. 



Clothing, n. e. e 

Cords, braids, gimps, etc. 

Embroideries 

Handkerchiefs, hemmed 

Stockings, hose, knit goods 

All other cotton mfs., n. e. e 

Total cotton manufactiires 

Eabthenwake : Plain white china- 
ware 

Decorated 

All other crockeryware, n. e. e. . . . 
Total earthen and chinaware . . . 
Fancy Articles : 

Beads and bead-ornaments 

Dolls and toys 

Fans, except palm-leaf 

Feathers, ostrich, crude 

do. colored and dressed, . . . 

do. & flowers, artificial, n. e. e. 

Perfumery and cologne — gallons . . 

Pipes, n. e. e 

Total fancy articles 

Firecrackers 

Fish — Sardines 

Herring 

Mackerel 

Total fish 

Flax — Hemp 

Manilla, etc, n. e. e 

Jute 

Jute butts 

Sisal-grass 

Thread and twine, flax 

Yarns, jute 

Bags and bagging, u. e. e 

Linen, brown, bleached, etc 

Burlaj)s not over 60 iu. wide 

do. over 60 in. wide 

Oil-cloths, printed, n. e. e 

Laces and insertings, linen 

Other mfs. of flax or hemp 

Total flax, hemp, jute, etc 



Values. 


Rate of Duty- 


$456,750 


35 per cent. 


605,478 


35 per cent. 


5,668,124 


40 per cent. 


826,360 


40 per cent. 


5,947,478 


40 jDcr cent. 


540,141 


35 per cent. 


29,150,05'J 




955,837 


55 i3er cent. 


3,608,464 


60 per cent. 


938.780 


55 per cent. 


5,545,883 




1,849,764 


50 per cent. 


1,646 597 


35 per cent. 


499,791 


35 per cent. 


1,030,540 


25 per cent. 


374 888 


50 iDcr cent. 


444.490 


50 per cent. 


236 467 


$2 gal. 50 p. c. 


146,900 


70 per cent. 


7,185,999 





332.941 


100 per cent. 


739,256 


2ic. per box. 


748,321 


^l per bbl. 


503,855 


$2 per bbl. 


2 817,352 




847 449 


.t25 per ton. 


2 773,150 


f 25 per ton. 


862 926 


20 per cent. 


1 802.162 


-tS per ton. 


3,372,619 


|;15 per ton. 


638 551 


40 per cent. 


531 108 


35 per cent. 


936 041 


40 per cent. 


13 589,418 


35 per cent. 


3,260,117 


30 per cent. 


496.678 


40 pe^ cent. 


308,337 


40 per cent. 


1,070,432 


30 per cent. 


410,856 


35 per cent. 


33,807,282 





528 



iq^ATIONAL HAl^D-BOOK 



Dutiable Articles. 



Fbuits and Nuts : 

Currauts 

Figs 

Lemons 

Oranges 

Plums and Prunes 

Preserved fruits, jellies, etc, 

Raisins 

Almonds, not shelled 

do. shelled 

Filberts and walnuts 



Values^ Rate of Duty. 



Total fruits and nuts 

Furs, dressed on the skin 

do. hatters, not on the skin .... 
Glass and Glassware : 

Bottles containing liquors 

do. empty 

do. iilled, exc. of contents. 

Glass, cut, engraved or colored, 

Window-glass, not over 10x15 . , 

do. over 10x15, under 16x24 

do. over 16x24, under 24x30 

do. all above 24x30 in 

Plate-glass, over 24x30 in., and 

not over 24x60 in 

do. all above 24x60 in 

do. silvered, over 16x24, and not 

over 24x30 in 

Other glass manufactures, n. e. e. 

Total glass and glassware 

Gold and silver, manufactures of.. 

Hats, straw, palm, etc., u. e. e 

do. braids, plaits, etc., n. e. e. . . 

Hay 

Hops 

Iron & Steel Mfs. — iron ore, n.e.e 

Spiegeleiscu 

All other pig-iron 

Scrap iron 

Bar-iron, blooms, etc 

Steel railroad bars 

Beams, girders, joists, etc 

Bars of steel under 4c. lb 

do. 7 to 10c. per pound 



1,062 

488 

3797 

1.717 

2,298 

541 

2 297 

286 

266 

613 



,326 Ic. per lb. 
_..632 2c. per lb. 
797.735;30c. per box. 
" ",888 25c. per box. 
,227 lie. per lb. 
,576' 35 per cent. 
,469 2c. per lb. 
,501 5c. per lb. 
,612 7|c. per lb. 
,711 3c. per lb. 

15,088,074 

3,000,605 20 per cent. 
1,373 01420 per cent. 



|3c. each. 

253,025 Ic. each. 



421,754 
1 172 747 

319,729 

271,485 



30 per cent. 

45 per cent. 

l|c. per lb. 

l|c. per lb. 
367,146:2fc. per lb. 
466,603 2Jc. per lb. 



413,363 

557,968 



25c. sq. ft. 
50c. sq. ft. 



1,112,665 10c. sq. ft. 

901,520 }45 per cent. 
7,301,3401 

440.708 Various. 

631.146'30 percent. 
4 113 522 20 per cent. 

791 6S7 $2 per ton. 
3 117,663 80. per lb. 
2,041.655 75c. per ton. 
3,327,128 $6 7'J per ton. 
3,182,998!|^6 72 per ton. 
3.723,471 $6.72 per ton. 
1,281.809 t'-^2 per ton. 

998.096 il7 per ton. 



164,403 

2,712,058 

559,562 



l:[c. per lb. 
45 per cent. 
2|c. per lb. 



OF AMERICAiq" PROGRESS. 



529 



Dutiable Articles. 



Ingots, blooms, etc., under 4c. lb. 

Cotton ties or hoops lb. 

Sheets and plates of steel, 4c. or 



Tin plates, iron or steel. . . . 
Wire rods, iron, 3|c. lb. . . . 

do. steel 

do. steel, n. e. e 

Cutlery — knives and razors . 

Cutlery, n. e. e 

Fire-arms, pistols, etc 

Machinery, n.e.e 

Wheels and tires of steel . . 

All other iron mf s 

All other steel mfs 



Total iron and steel 

Jewelry of all kinds, n.e.e 

Precious stones 

Lead, pigs and bars 

Leathek Mfs. Calf-skins, tanned. 

Morocco skins, tanned 

Upper leather and dressed skins . 

Gloves, kid or leather 

Other leather mfs, n.e.e . . 

Total leather mfs 

LiQUOES, Spirituous and Malt: 
Ale, beer and porter in bottler^. . 

do. not in bottles 

Brandy 

Cordials, liquors, n.e.e 

Spirits distilled from grain 

do. from other materials 

Wines, champagne, ^ pt. to 1 pt . 
do. do. 1 pt. to 1 qt. 

Still wines in casks 

do. in bottles 



Values. Rate of Duty. 



Total liquors of all kinds .... 

Marble, in blocks, rough 

Other marble and stone mfs .... 
Matting and mats, not vegetable . 
Metals, compositions, etc., n.e.e. . 

Musical instruments 

Oil, Olive 

Total oils, fixed or expressed. 



.077,009 45 per cent. 
345,997 35 per cent. 



293 
16,883 

1,027 
538 

2,657 

1,419 
454 
985 

1,904 
274 
315 
592 



50,618 

427 

10,526 

323 

1484 

1,910 

2,342 

4,184 

422 



,595 45 per cent. 
,814 Ic. per lb. 
,826|6-10c. per lb. 
,743|6-10c. per lb. 
,042 45 per cent. 
,861 150 per cent. 
,984 35 per cent. 
,816 35 per cent. 
,023 45 per cent. 
,112 2^c. per lb. 
,089 45 per cent. 
1,712 45 per cent. 



985 
874 25 
.99810 
2562c. 
,207 20 
,991 10 
,926' 20 
877 50 



989 
10,933,570 



30 



per cent, 
per cent, 
per lb. 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent. 



863,490[35c. per gall. 
403,578 20c. per gall. 
1,197.911 |2 per gall. 

262,249 $2 per gall. 
325,846^2 per gall. 
118.715 i2 per gall. 
I,414,727'i3.50 per doz. 
1,850 447 $7 per doz. 
50c. per gall. 
il.60 per doz. 

lO 190 946 '. 

415 615 65c. cubic ft. 

960,981| 

885.969120 per cent. 
2,998,882(10 to 45 per ct. 
1,613 884 25 per cent. 

654,592 25 per cent. 
1,067,146' 



2,378,697 
1,277.601 



530 



KATIOKAL HAKD-BOOK 



Dutiable Articles. 



Paints and colors 

Paper, writing, n.e.e 

Pkovisions: Cheese 

Total meats, &c 

Rice, cleaned 

Gramilated or rice meal 

Salt, in bags, sacks, or bbls 

do in bulk 

Seeds 

Silk, Manufactures of: 

Spun silk, threads or yarns 

Braids, fringes, and galloons 

Dress and piece goods 

Handkerchiefs 

Hosiery 

Laces 

Ready-made clothing 

llibbons 

Velvets 

All other silk manufs., n.e.e 

Total silk manufactures 

Soap, Castile and fancy 

Sugar and Molasses: 

Sugar of all kinds 

Molasses 

Tobacco and Cigars: 

Leaf, not stemmed, unmf'd 

Cigars 

Total tobacco and manufs 

Vegetables: 

Potatoes 

Pickles and sauces, n.e.e 

Wood and Manufactures: 

Lumber, not planed, n.e.e 

Cabinet ware and furniture 

Other wood manufactures, n.e.e. . 

Total wood and manufactures. . 
Wool and Manufactures of: 

Class 2. Combing wools, 30o. or 

less per lb 

Class 1. Clothing wools, 30c. or 

less per lb 

Class 3. Carpet wools, 12c. or 

less per lb 



Values. I Rate of Duty. 



.f 1 220 HOG Various. 
2,954 129 25 percent. 

870,328 4c per lb. 
1,759 ir,3' 

671 402 2{c. per lb. 

762 302 20 per cent. 

999 505 12o. 100 lbs. 

350 442 8c. 100 lbs. 

846 580 Various. 



300 30 per cent. 
881 50 per cent. 
886 50 per cent . 
.877 50 per cent. 
,618 e50 per cent. 
205 50 per cent. 
,100 50 per cent. 
,953 50 per cent. 
086 50 per cent. 
744 50 per cent. 
^76i. 




224 Various. 



68.882.884 1 4 10 3^ c. 
5,336 730 4c. per gall. 

7,493 662 35c. per lb. 
3,301,177 $2.50 lb., 25 p. 
10 955,125 



542 234 15c. bushel. 
382,496 35 per cent. 

5,480,506 $2 per 1,000 ft. 
376 788 35 per cent. 
482 349 35 per cent. 



8.223,504 



2,213,331 10c. per lb. 
4,127,02610c. per lb. 
6,185,733!2ic. per lb.. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



531 



Dutiable Articlep. 



do. value over 12c. per lb 

Total unmanufactured wools . . , 
Carpets, Axminster, etc 

do Brussels 

Mats, screens, and rugs 

Cloaks and ladies' garments 

Clothing, skirts, etc., n.e.e 

Cloths, not over 80c. lb 

do. over 80c. lb 

Dress goods, part wool, not over 

20c. sq. yard 

do. over 20c. sq, yard 

do. all wool, 4 oz. or less, per 

sq. yard 

do. over 4 oz. sq. yard 

Flannels 

Knit goods 

Kags, shoddy, waste, etc 

Shawls, wool, above 80c. lb 

do. worsted or part worsted .... 
Webbings, braids, gimps, etc. . . . 
Yarns, over 30 and under 40c. lb . 
do. over 40 and not over 60c . . . . 
do. over 60 and not over 80c. . . . 

do. valued over 80o. lb 

All manufactures 

Worsted, over 40, under 60^; 

do. over 60 and not over 80c . . 
do. valued over 80c. lb 

Total manufactures of wool .... 
Zinc, spelter, etc 

Total dutiable imports 

Total free of duty 

Total imports for consump 



Values. I Rate of Duty. 



J3,554.823i5c. per lb. 
T6,35T370i 

425 924 45c. yd. 30 pc. 

196 465 30c. yd. 30 pc. 

502 889 40 per cent. 

772 240 45c. lb., 40 pc. 

689 002 40c. lb., 35 pc. 

713 316 35c. lb., 35 pc. 
9 309 055 35c. lb., 40 pc. 

I 
4 094 403 5o. lb., 35 pc. 
3 562,968j7c. lb., 40 pc. 



6 522 

3 019 

185 

1,918 

1,855 

327 

674 

443 

241 

410 

875 

191 

1,421 

859 

2,740 

1,469 



44 235 
240 



,568 9c. lb.. 40 pc. 
,2(»1 35c. lb., 40 pc. 
,203 10 351b.35 40pc 
,868 35c. lb., 40 pc. 
,61H 10c. 

,461 35c. lb., 40 pc. 
,634 40c. lb., 35 pc. 
,809 30c. lb., 50 pc. 
074 12c. lb., 35 pc. 
,264 18c. lb., 35 pc. 
,280 24c. lb., 35 pc. 
,912 35c. lb., 40 pc. 
,735 35c. lb.,40pc. 
03018c. lb., 35 pc. 
630 24c. lb., 35 pc. 
662 35c. lb., 40 pc. 

2431 

^jlic. per lb. 

339 

,651 

^90 



COMPARATIVE STATEMENT, IMPORTS FOR 1885-6-7. 





1885. 


1886. 


1887. 


Total Value Mdse. Imp. . 
Total value Coin and Bul- 
lion 


$577,527,329 

43,242,323 

f 620,769,652 


#635,436,136 
38 593 656 


$ 692,319,768 
60 170 792 






Aggregate Imports. . 


i 674,029,792 


$ 752,490,560 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



535 




.ti>ti X, i-. 



HON. GKOYER CLEVELAND. 

BY THOMAS E. WILLSON. 
Editorial Staff of the New York World. 
In May, 1844, the First Presbyterian Clnirch of 
Caldwell, JST. J., called to its pastorate the Reverend 
Stephen Falling Cleveland from a charge at Had- 
dam, Conn. He brought with him a wife and two 
children, and during his six years residence in the 
quaint, old-fashioned parsonage shaded by noble trees 
and covered with ivy, six more children were born 
to him,— one each year. The third of these and the 
fifth of the family was Stephen Grover Cleveland— 



536 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

born March 18th, 1837 — the Democratic Candidate 
for President. 

The family had been known for generations for 
its uprightness, inflexibility of purpose, and deter- 
mination to follow the right, regardless of pei-sonal 
loss or disadvantage. This latter trait, so strongly 
marked in the subject of this sketch, is the common 
inheritance of the descendants of the Rev. Aaron 
Cleveland, the pioneer Abolitionist of New England. 
Born in East Iladdam, Conn., in 1T44, he began his 
crusade against slavery as early as 1760. He was the 
Whittier of his day, and in verse and prose he de- 
nounced it as immoral and denied its legality. He 
was no mere sentimentalist, for his essays and 
speeches are models of clear, logical reasoning and 
shrewd, far seeing common sense. In 1779 this ear- 
nest Congregational preacher was elected to the 
Connecticut legislature, and he introduced in that 
body a bill carrying out the ideas he had so eloquent- 
ly advocated in the press, in the pulpit, and on the 
platform. He died in 1815, at New Haven, leaving 
two sons : Charles, the grandfather of Bishop A. 
Cleveland Coxe, of the diocese of Western New 
York, and William, the grandfather of Governor 
Cleveland. The latter was a silversmith, who settled 
in Buffalo and pi'ospered well enough to send his son 
Stephen to Yale College and educate him for the 



OF AMEEICAN PKOGRESS. 537 

ministry at Princeton Theological Seminary ; but an 
education was all the patrimony he had to give him, 
and when Stephen, rugged and plain of face and 
speech, married the beautiful Miss Neal of Balti- 
more and began his ministry among a poor and 
struggling people, it was with the full knowledge 
that his life was to be one of poverty and privation — 
a voluntary sacrifice to principle. Wordly success 
to a man of his ability, education, inflexible will, and 
impressive force of character was certain in any other 
pursuit or calling. 

This knowledge of his ancestry furnishes the key 
to every act of Grover Cleveland's life. From his 
father he inherited an intense desire for learnino: for 
learning's sake, but the former, with nine children 
to feed and clothe on a country preacher's salary, 
could not gratify it. He had pinched and saved to 
send his eldest son to Hamilton College, and he could 
do no more. When Grover had mastered the rudi- 
ments taught in the village school, he was put to 
work in the village store at a salary of $1 per week. 
There he remained for two years, until his father's 
i-emoval to Clinton, his salary being increased to $2. 
At Clinton his long cherished hope of attending a 
high school was gratified. In 1853 the family re- 
moved to the Holland Patent, and three weeks after, 
his father died. Grover, then a stout lad of sixteen, 



538 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

went to New York as under-teacher in the Asylum 
for the Blind, where his brother William had been 
for some time employed. There he remained two 
years, working hard and faithfully yet finding time 
to continue his studies. 

Teaching w^as not his mission. At eighteen he 
started West to seek his fortune, intending to go to 
Cleveland, Ohio. At Buffalo, his nncle Lewis F. 
Allen, a noted stockbreeder, asked what he intended 
to do. " To study law," was the prompt reply. " I'll 
give you $50 for a year's work on my herd-book." 
The offer was accepted ; but in a short time the 
young man obtained work in the day-time as office 
boy, with the use of the library in the law offices of 
Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, while the work on the 
herd-book was pursued evenings. The walk to and 
from his uncle's was a long, and at that time a rugged 
one. The first winter was a memorably severe one ; 
his shoes were broken, and he had no overcoat. 
But he never intermitted a day. It began to be no- 
ticed that he was the most punctual and regular of 
the lads in the office. Often at night he was com- 
pelled to stand by the warm chimney in the loft 
where he slept and dry his feet after tramping the 
two miles through the snow. 

" See here," said his uncle to him one bitter 
December night, when the lad had walked out to 



• OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 539 

Black Kock, through the sleet and snow : " this is 
pretty cold weather for you to be traveling without 
an overcoat." 

" Oh," said the young man, " I'm going to buy 
one when I earn the money." 

" Why, look at your feet ; they must be sopping, 
eh !" 

" Oh, that's nothing. I'm getting some copying 
to do now and I'll have a pair of boots by and by." 

" You just go right over there to the tailor's and 
get the stoutest overcoat he's got. D'ye hear." 

In those days boys had to demonstrate what was 
in them before they received many favors. 

At the end of four years he became managing 
clerk for the firm. Why is told by one of his 
associates : '' Grover won our admiration by his three 
traits of indomitable industry, unpretentious courage, 
and unswerving honesty. I never saw a more 
thorough man at anything he undertook. Whatever 
the subject was, he was reticent until he had mas- 
tered all its bearings and made up his own mind — 
and then nothing could swerve him from his convic- 
tion. It was this quality of intellectual integrity 
more than anything else perhaps that made him 
afterwards listened to and respected when more 
brilliant men who were opposed to him were ap- 
plauded and forgotten." 



540 



NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



Four years moi-e passed and the reputation of the 
managing clerk for solidity and breadth of character 
had become so widely known that the appointment 
as Assistant District Attorney, came to him unsought 
although tliere were many candidates for the place. 
Then in 1863, began a public record of conscientious, 
upright service for the people which has been fit- 
tingly rewarded by a nomination for the highest 
office on their gift. 

During the three years of his service as Assistant 
District Attorney the great bulk of the duties of the 
office fell upon his broad shoulders, taxing even his 
enormous vital strength and tireless industry. It was 
at this time that he was drafted. Duty to the public 
interests showed but one course of action. There 
were a large number of important cases on the dock- 
et, with which he alone was familiar, and against his 
wishes he supplied a substitute. So w^ell and faith- 
fully were his duties performed that in 1865 he was 
nominated by the Democrats for District Attorney. 
He did not solicit the nomination, made no effort to 
secure his election, and w^as beaten by Lyman K. 
Bass, in a close vote. 

In 1866 he formed a law partnership with the late 
J. K. Yanderpoel, and after wdth the late A. P. 
Lansing. In 1869 he was elected sheriff of Erie 
county, and earned an additional meed of public re- 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 



541 



Bpect for his courageous disregard of partisan inter- 
ests and his conscientious regard for the public wel- 
fare. At the close of his term he formed a partner- 
ship with his former antagonist, Lyman K. Bass and 
Wilson S. Bissell. Mr. Bass's health not long after- 
wards proving precarious, he went to Colorado, and 
the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. 

It was while thus associated that Grover Cleveland 
achieved his distinction as a lawyer, second to none 
in the western part of the State for legal acumen and 
intellectual honesty, His jury and bench trials were 
distinguished by clear views, direct, simple logic and 
a thorough mastery of all the intricacies of the cases. 
His invariable avoidance of extrinsic issues and 
purely technical devices, secured for him the respect 
of his own profession and the admiration of the pub- 
lic. These qualities, combined with the fidelity and 
independence of his official action while in office, 
brought him prominently before the public of Buffa- 
lo, in 1881, when that city, unable to extricate itself 
from a municipal Republican ring, was casting about 
for a stanch reform leader. The city is usually Re- 
publican by from 2,000 to 5,000 majority in a total 
vote of 20,000 ; but his nomination by the Democrats 
was followed by his election by a majority of 5,000 — 
an almost unprecedented reversion — which was sole- 
ly a tribute from all classes to his personal integrity. 



542 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

Public expectation was more than met. With no 
additional power to that possessed by his predeces- 
sors, he faced the ring, fought it, and in nine months 
had given Buffalo a clear, pure, honest city govern- 
ment in all its departments. His veto messages were 
marvels of directness and clear logic, classic in their 
simplicity, and unanswerable. They soon attracted 
attention, not only in this State but all over the 
Union, wherever municipal reform was needed ; and 
his magnificent work was commented upon by the 
press and people. Two practical examples out of 
dozens will show how his work was done. The Com- 
mon Council had determined to build an intercepting 
sewer. The lowest bid for the work was $1,568,000. 
Mr. Cleveland thought the sewer could be built 
cheaper. Through his efforts, though opposed in the 
Council, a law was passed allowing a commission to 
be appointed. This commission, composed of repre- 
sentative citizens, conferred with the most eminent 
sewer engineers of the country, and on their advice 
adopted a plan that will meet all requirements at an 
estimated cost of $764,370. The plan has been ac- 
cepted, and the sewer will be constructed accordingly. 
The saving to the city on this item alone is $803,630. 
On June 19, the Council voted to award the street 
cleaning contract, for five years, to George Talbot, at 
his bid of $422,500. There were several lower bids. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 543 

by thoroughly responsible men. Mayov Cleveland 
vetoed the award, severely condemning the attempt- 
ed waste of the people's money. The contract was 
subsequently awarded to the lowest bidder — Capt. 
Thomas Maytham— at $313,500. The saving to the 
city by this veto was $109,000. The amount saved 
on these two items was nearly $1,000,000. 

In 1882, while the friends of reform and honest 
govenmieut were calling attention to what one 
honest man had done in Buffalo, the Democratic 
State Convention met. There were many candidates 
for the nomination for Governor all trusted party 
leaders, but Mayor Cleveland was not among them. 
The demand for reform was stronger than party 
claims, however ; and wlien his name was presented 
to the Convention he was nominated, not because he 
was a politician or an " available " candidate, for he 
was neither, in a party sense ; but because the people, 
stronger than party leaders, demanded it. His 
nomination came unsought ; his unprecedented 
majority of 192,000 votes showed why. The people 
of the great Empire State knew him, ti-usted him, 
and wanted such a man as their Chief Magistrate. 
It was not a choice between a good man and a bad 
man. Judge Folger, his opponent, was a great jurist ; 
honest, upright, esteemed of all men, whom under 
other circumstances the people of New York would 



544 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

have delighted to honor. But Major Cleveland was 
not satisfied with being honest himself ; his associates 
in ofiice must be honest also. He did not hate 
wrong-doing in the abstract ; he hated it in the con- 
crete. He did not pass Evil by on the other side ; 
he crossed over and took it by the throat. He could 
not keep from so doing if he wished. He did not 
ask himself if it were wise or politic; whether he 
would be injured or benefited. The right thing to 
do he did ; the consequences were a matter of indif- 
ference. 

This has been shown in his administration as 
Governor — an administration that has fulfilled and 
gone beyond all the expectations of those who voted 
for him. From the standpoint of the practical 
politician, he lias made many grave mistakes. He 
approved the bill depriving the Board of Aldermen 
of New York of the confirming power, and made 
the 2^owerful Tammany organization his political 
enemy. The bill was proper. He approved another 
bill which deprived his friends of important city 
offices, and gave them to these very enemies. The 
bill was proper. He vetoed the bill reducing all 
fares on elevated roads to five cents, giving his 
enemies an opportunity to appeal to the passions of 
unreasoning men. The bill was unconstitutional. 
He vetoed a bill ostensibly to relieve car-drivers 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 545 

from long hours of labor, giving demagogues an op- 
portunity to denounce him as an enemy of the 
working man. As a clear-headed lawyer he saw that 
it woukl reduce their wages, and not their hours of 
work. He vetoed a bill ostensibly giving mechanics 
a prior Lien, and angered many workmen not versed 
in law. As a clear-headed lawyer, he saw that the 
bill was drawn in the interest of employers, and de- 
prived mechanics of even their present safegnards. 
He removed a Democratic district attorney, charged 
with malfeasance in office, on the eve of an election 
instead of waiting until it was over, although his 
action gave the office to the Eepublicans, alienating 
his party leaders in Queens county. His action was 
right. In short, time and again he made bitter 
enemies because he did his duty without fear and 
without favor. 

From the beginning of his administration as 
Governor— from his boyhood to the present time- 
he has done what was right, whether it was or was 
not opposed to his interests. He has compromised 
with no opponent ; placated no enemy ; said no 
word, and done no public act to advance his private 
fortunes. 

" Honesty is sometimes the best policy," says the 
modern ^sop, and in Grover Cleveland's life it has 
been conspicuously so. " We love him most for the 



546 NATIOI^AL HAN^D-BOOK 

enemies lie has made," said General Bragg in seconding 
his nomination for President before the Democratic 
Convention, and these words not only expressed the 
sentiment of the delegates, but of the people they 
represented. 

At the Convention held in Chicago July 11th, 1884, 
for nominating a candidate for the Presidency, Mr. 
Cleveland received on the second ballot 684 votes of the 
total number, 820, cast, and at the Presidential election 
in November carried the States of Alabama, Arkansas, 
Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, 
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, 
New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia— giving 
him 219 electoral votes. He was accordingly declared 
elected President, and inaugurated on the 4th of March 
1885, when in his address he announced his policy, 
which was more fully developed in his first message to 
Congress, and chiefly dwelt upon a revision of the tariff 
so as to make the taxes more equitable to all, and to 
so reduce the income of the government as to bring it 
within its absolute needs. His administration has been 
considered fair to all sections of the country with a 
marked independence of party control and with such 
a determination to avoid special legislation that his vetoes 
have been so numerous (278) as to earn for him the so- 
briquet of ''The great veto President." Jlis admin- 
istration has given sucli satisfaction to his constituents 
that at the Democratic Convention held in St. Louis 
June, 1888, his course was unqualifiedly endorsed and 
he was nominated by acclamation for a second term, 
as the candidate for the Presidency and the standard- 
bearer of Democracy. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 547 



ALLEN a. THURMAN. 

Allen G. Thurman was born in Lynchburg, Va., Nov. 
13, 1813. In 1820, when young Allen was six years of 
age, the family removed to Ohio, locating in the little 
city of Chillicothe. Here Allen's father, who had been 
intended for the ministry, secured employment as a 
teacher, and under his father's instruction Allen re- 
ceived his early education. Later he attended the 
Chillicothe High School, and in 1835 entered the 
Chillicothe Academy, an educational institution equal 
in standard to many modern colleges. While at school 
Allen acquired those sterling habits of industry which 
have characterized his life. His mother set him an 
example of application and studiousness, and when 
hardly in his teens the boy and his mother were ac- 
customed to work together over his lessons until mid- 
night. Naturally, he became a proficient scholar and 
made rapid advancement at school. 

When the time arrived for him to decide definitely 
upon his future career many and varied influences were 
exerted upon him but having confidence in his mother's 
wisdom, he yielded to her desires and entered the law 
office of his uncle, William Allen, with whom he re- 
mained three years. Then twenty-one years of age, he 
accepted an offer from G-ov. Lucas to become his private 
secretary, removing to the capital and entering also the 
law office of Judge Swayne, a distinguished jurist. 
His duties to the State were arduous and his hours 
were long. Gov. Lucas was accustomed to reach his 
office at 8 o'clock in the morning, and remain there 
until 8 o'clock in the evening. During these twelve 
hours the young secretary's time was fully occupied, 



548 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

performing the duties which nowadays require the at- 
tention of numerous clerks, and yet, with all this labor, 
he found time, inclination and ability to prosecute his 
law studies. In due time his hard work was rewarded, 
and he was admitted to the Bar, when he returned to 
Chillicothe and again entered his uncle's office, but this 
time as a full partner in the very lucrative business which 
William Allen, who was then a prominent figure in the 
State, had acquired. Thus, through his family connec- 
tions, Allen Thurman escaped the usual struggles of 
the friendless young attorney for recognition and 
practice, although it was but a just reward of hard and 
earnest labor. 

William Allen's interest and prominence in State 
politics increased to such an extent that shortly after 
Thurman became associated with his uncle he soon 
found himself in full control of the large practice of the 
office. Although young and lacking practical experience 
at the bar, the young lawyer, with his firmly rooted 
habits of industry, set himself to work to win the confi- 
dence and esteem of his uncle's clientage and succeeded 
to such a degree that he soon became the most prominent 
figure at the Ohio bar. The people looked upon him 
as a brilliant, able and honest man, and it was not long 
before his sterling characteristics recommended him as 
an eminently proper representative of his district in the 
State Legislature. Thurman had always felt more than 
a passing interest in the politics of the country and was 
from belief and association a Democrat from his young- 
est days. A number of times he was urged to be a candi- 
date for the Legislature, but each time refused, although 
he always took a prominent part in all campaigns, but 
in behalf of another. His refusal to run for public office 
was for the reason, as he honestly stated, that it was his 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 549 

belief that a poor man should not accept honors 
which he did not have the means to support. And so, 
always doing his duty politically and giving valuable aid 
to the Democratic candidates for office whenever oppor- 
tunity presented, he confined himself to his law practice 
until, in 1844, the Democratic Convention of his Con- 
gressional District nominated him for Congress without 
his knowledge. His first intention on learning of the 
action was to decline, but he was finally persuaded to 
accept the nomination. Having once entered the contest 
he carried it on to triumphant victory with indomitable 
energy. Once a member of Congress he became a notable 
legislator, his noble characteristics winning the respect 
and admiration of both political friends and enemies. 

In 1851 he was elected to the Supreme Bench of the 
State, where he remained four years, the last two being 
as Chief-Justice, and his opinions are now cited as 
authority. He declined re-election to the Bench as the 
salary was too small to support him, and went back to the 
practice of the law, which he continued with the result 
of amassing a competency, until 1807 when he was 
unanimously nominated for Governor of Ohio. The 
campaign was an exciting one, his opponent being ex- 
President Hayes, and for sixty-five successive days they 
stumped the State. Thurman was defeated, but he cut 
down the Republican majority from 43,000 to 30,000. 
The Legislature elected with Hayes was Democratic, 
and without delay in 1869 it made Thurman United 
States Senator to succeed ^^Ben^^ Wade. He soon oc- 
cupied a prominent place among the Democratic mem- 
bers, and in 1869 his speech on the so-called Georgia 
bill attracted general attention. His speeches on the 
Geneva Award bill and the Pacific Railway Funding 
bill are also well remembered. 



550 NATIONAL HAKD-BOOK. 

After serving two terms in the Senate Mr. Thurman 
retired to private life and continued his law practice. 
Since that time he has had no political office, nor has 
he practised in his profession except in large cases such 
as that of the Bell Telephone, but has occupied himself 
in general reading. In 1881 being appointed by President 
Garfield as one of the United States Commissioners to 
the International Monetary Conference at Paris, he 
went to Europe. In 1884 his name was brought into 
prominence again in connection with the Presidential 
nomination. In November, 1887, he was tendered a 
place on the Interstate Commerce Commission, but de- 
clined to accept, claiming that he was too old and feeble. 
His private life and his relations with his colleagues in 
Washington are both records of a beautiful character. 
He never passed an angry word with any of the Con- 
gressmen, and came out of public life a poor man. His 
life has indeed been a busy one from the time he burned 
the midnight oil with his mother over his school studies. 
Not a moment of his existence has been wasted. He is 
a fine French scholar, and among his favorite books are 
the works of the earlier French dramatists, which he 
reads in the original. He has a large and well selected 
library. His genius for mathematics is peculiar, and 
he frequently occupies himself working out difficult 
problems. 

Judge Thurman is by no means wealthy, his fortune 
hardly reaching 160,000. His home is unostentatious 
but comfortable. In manners Mr. Thurman is a 
polished gentleman of the old school, and in taste and 
education more of a scholar than a politician. While 
in the Senate he was noted for a wonderful snuff-box 
and a red bandanna. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 651 



THE NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY. 

PLATFORM OF 1888. 

The Democratic party of the United States in National Con- 
vention assembled, renews the pledge of its fidelity to the 
Democratic faith, and reaffirms the platform adopted by its 
representatives in the convention of 1884, and indorses the 
views expressed by President Cleveland in his last earnest 
message to Congress as the correct interpretation of that plat- 
form upon the question of tariff reduction ; and also indorses 
the efforts of our Democratic representatives in Congress to 
secure a reduction of excessive taxation. 

Chief among its principles of party faith are the maintenance 
of an indissoluble union of free and indestructible States, now 
about to enter upon its second century of unexampled progress 
and renown, devotion to a plan of government regulated by a 
written constitution strictly specifyiog every granted power, 
and expressly reserving to the States or people the entire un- 
granted residue of power; the encouragement of a jealous 
popular vigilance, directed to all who have been chosen for 
brief terms to enact and execute the laws, and are charged 
with the duty of preserving peace, insuring equality and 
establishing justice. 

The Democratic party welcomes an exacting scrutiny of the 
administration of the executive power, which four years ago 
was committed to its trust in the election of Grover Cleveland, 
President of the United States, but it challenges the most 
searching inquiry concerning its fidelity and devotion to the 
pledges which then invited the suffrages of the people during 
a most critical period of our financial affairs, resulting from 
over-taxation, the anomalous condition of our currency, and a 
public debt unmatured, it has by the adoption of a wise and 
conservative course not only averted disaster, but greatly 
promoted the prosperity of the people. 

It has reversed the improvident and unwise policy of the 
Republican party touching the public domain, and has re- 
claimed from corporations and syndicates alien and domestic, 
and restored to the people nearly one hundred millions of acres 
of valuable land to be sacredly held as homesteads for our 
citizens. 



552 KATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

While carefully guarding the interest to the principles of 
justice and equity, it has paid out more for pensions and 
bounties to the soldiers acd sailors of the Republic than was 
ever paid before during the same period. It has adopted, 
consistently pursued a firm and prudent foreign policy, pre- 
serving peace with all nations while scrupulously maintaining 
all the rights and interests of our own government and people 
at home and abroad. 

The exclusion from our shores of Chinese laborers has been 
effectually secured under the provision of a treaty, the opera- 
tion of which has heen postponed by the action of a Republican 
majority in the Senate. 

Honest reform in the civil service has been inaugurated and 
maintained by President Cleveland, and he has brought the 
public service to the highest standard of efficiency, not only 
by rule and precept, but by the example of his own untiring 
and unselfish administration of public affairs. 

In every branch and department of the government under 
Democratic control the rights and the welfare of all the people 
have been guarded and defended : every public interest has 
been protected, and the equality of all our citizens before the 
law, without regard to race or color, has been steadfastly 
maintained. 

Upon its record thus exhibited and upon a pledge of a con- 
tinuance to the people of the benefits of Democracy it invokes 
a renewal of popular trust by the re-election of a chief magis- 
trate who has been faithful, able and prudent, and invokes in 
addition to that trust the transfer also to the Democracy of the 
entire legislative power. 

The Republican party, controlling the Senate and resisting 
in both houses of Congress a reformation of unjust and unequal 
tax laws, which have outlasted the necessities of war and are 
now undermining the abundance of a long peace, deny to the 
j)eople equality before the law, and the fairness and the justice 
which are their right. Then the cry of American labor for a 
better share in the rewards of industry is stifled with false 
pretences, enterprise is fettered and bound down to home 
markets; capital is discouraged with doubt, and unequal, 
unjust laws can neither be properly amended or repealed. 

The Democratic party will continue, with all the power con- 
fided in it, the struggle to reform these laws in accordance with 
the pledges of its last platform, indorsed at the ballot-box by 
the suffrages of the people. Of all the industrious freemen of 
our land, the immense majority, including every tiller of the 
soil, gain no advantage from excessive tax laws, but the price 
of nearly everything they buy is increased by the favoritism of 
an unequal system of tax legislation. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 55'S 

All unnecessary taxation is unjust taxation. It is repugnant 
to the creed of Democracy that by such taxation the cost of 
the necessaries of life should be unjustifiably increased to all 
our people. Judged by Democratic principles, the interests of 
the people are betrayed when, by unnecessary taxation, trusts 
and combinations are permitted to exist, which, while unduly 
enriching the few that combine, rob the body of our citizens by 
depriving them of the benefits of natural competition. Every 
rule of governmental action is violated when through un- 
necessary taxation a vast sum of money far beyond the needs 
of an economical administration is drawn from the people, the 
channels of trade, and accumulated as a demoralizing surplus 
in the National Treasury. 

The money now lying idle in the Federal Treasury resulting 
from supeiflous taxation amounts to more than $125,000,000, 
and the surplus collected is reaching the sum of more than 
$60,000,000 annually. Debauched by the immense temptation 
the remedy of the Republican party is to meet and exhaust by 
extravagant appropriations and expenses, whether constitu- 
tional or not, the accumulation of extravagant taxation. The 
Democratic policy is to enforce frugality in jiublic expense and 
abolish unnecessary taxation. 

Our established domestic industries and enterprises should not 
and need not be endangered by the reduction and correction 
of the burdens of taxation. On the contrary, a fair and careful 
revision of our tax laws, with due allowance for the difference 
between the wages of American and foreign labor, must pro- 
mote and encourage every branch of such industries and enter- 
prises by giving them assurance of an extended market and 
steady and continuous operations. In the interests of Ameri- 
can labor, which should in no event be neglected, the revision 
of our tax laws contemplated by the Democratic party should 
promote the advantage of such labor by cheapening the cost of 
necessaries of life in the home of every workiugman, and at the 
same time securing to him steady and remunerative employment. 

Upon this question of tariff reform, so closely concerning 
every phase of our National life, and upon every question in- 
volved in the problem of good government, the Democratic 
party submits its principles and professions to the intelligent 
suffrages of the American people. 



554 



KATIOiTAL HAND-BOOK 




BENJAMIN HARRISON. 
Benjamin Harrison comes of a historic line. One 
of his English ancestors was Major General Thomas 
Harrison, who bore arms with Oliver Cromwell, and it 
fell to his lot to sign the death warrant of Charles I., and 
after the Restoration he paid the penalty for this act by 
being ''hanged, drawn and quartered " at Charing Cross, 
London, on the 13th of October, 1660. The descendants 
of Thomas Harrison then emigrated to Virginia, and 
furnished a member to the Virginia House of Burgesses, 
also a delegate to the Colonial Congress, a signer of the 
Declaration of Independence, in the person of Benjamin 
Harrison, who was twice a Representative and thrice 
Governor of the State, dying in 1791. His son, William 
Henry Harrison, fought the battle of Tippecanoe, and 



OF AMERICAJf PROGRESS. 555 

was Eepresentative, Senator, Foreign Minister, and 
was finally elected President of the United States in 
1840. John Scott Harrison the son of President 
Harrison, was the father of the subject of this sketch. 
John Scott Harrison was a farmer, but was several 
times elected County Clerk. 

Benjamin Harrison, was born at North Bend, Ohio, 
August, 20, 1833. When sixteen years of age he entered 
the Miami University, from which, two years later, he 
was graduated. On leaving college he began the study 
of law in the office of Hon. B. Storer, Cincinnati. He 
was married at twenty and entered upon the practice 
of his profession in Indianapolis in 1854. He was then 
twenty-one years of age, practically without resources 
and with a wife dependent upon him for support. He 
soon succeeded in gaining a reputation for diligence, 
and became a leading speaker in the Fremont campaign 
of 1856. He was then elected reporter of the Supreme 
Court of Indiana, which position he held at the break- 
ing out of the civil war. In the memorable Lincoln 
campaign of 1860 he and the late Thomas A. Hendricks 
happened to have appointments in the same town on 
the same day. It was arranged that they should divide 
the time and the friends of Hendricks expected to see 
him only amuse himself with the young, light-haired 
man who was to speak against him. They were sur- 
prised. The young man was not so easily vanquished, 
and Democrats admitted that Mr. Hendricks had niet 
his match, while. Republicans thought he had been 
badly worsted. The chairman of the meeting after- 
ward said : * ^ I have heard a good many political debates 
in my time, but I never heard a man skin an opponent 
as quickly as Ben Harrison did Hendricks that day," 

In July 1862, Governor Morton met him on the 



556 NATIONAL HAND-r.OOIv 

street one day and said to him: ^'Ben, I want you to 
raise a regiment." He accepted this assignment, raised 
a company, was commissioned a second lieutenant, then 
a captain and then colonel of the Seventeenth Indiana. 
As colonel of this regiment he went to the front and for 
a whde performed garrison duty in Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee up to January, ]864, when his regiment was as- 
signed to the First brigade of the Third division of the 
Twentieth Army Corps. 

In the charge at Eesaca May 15, 1864, his regiment 
led the assault. In this charge many of Harrison's men 
were killed and wounded. Colonel Harrison led his 
men gallantly in that action, his command rushing 
irresistibly over the enemy's terrible lines and capturing 
both lines and guns. At Peach Tree Creek, while com- 
manding his brigade, his soldierly qualities drew from 
his commanding officer. General "Joe" Hooker, the 
most enthusiastic praise. On the battle-field he de- 
clared that he would make Colonel Harrison brisfadier 
general for his part in the fight. And he wrote a des- 
patch to Secretary of War Stanton, in which he recom- 
mended his promotion, complimented his brigade for 
its discipline, praised him for his wisdom, foresight and 
valor, and advised his promotion as a just recognition 
of his services and martial accomplishments. He took 
part in the siege and battle of Nashville, was at the sur- 
render of Johnston, and with his command partici- 
pated in the final review of the Union forces at Wash- 
ington before the great army became once more a part 
of the common body of citizens. He served with credit 
till the end of the war and escaped without injury. 

After the close of the war he was again re-elected 
Keporter of the Supreme Court, and declined a re-elec- 
tion in 1868, and devoted himself to the i:)ractice of law. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 557 

In 1876 he was made the candidate for Governor, 
after he had declined to run and after another candi- 
date liad been nominated and had declined. He finally 
accepted the nomination, but was defeated at the polls. 
He emerged from that campaign with such increased 
popularity that his friends had but little difficulty in 
electing him to the United States Senate in 1880, to fill 
the seat to be vacated by Joseph E. McDonald on March 
4, 1881. 

He took his seat in the United States Senate on the 
day upon which President Garfield was inaugurated 
and served his full term of six years in that body. 
He did not force himself forward as a speaker. When 
he did speak he commanded attention. He was the 
warm friend of the soldier, and he spoke cordially in 
his behalf. Upon Chinese immigration argued for a 
faithful regard of treaty obligations in enforcing ex- 
clusion. He contended that as the treaty used the 
word " laborers," it was not in the power of Congress to 
enlarge the meaning of that word by legislation; that 
whatever the word "laborers" implied in the treaty, 
the same word would be held to have the same meaning in 
any law that Congress might pass. Service on the Missis- 
sippi Kiver Commission prepared him to discuss familiar 
ly all propositions brought forward for tlie improvement 
of the navigation of that stream. In the second session 
of the Forty-seventh Congress Senator Harrison's prin- 
cipal speches were made upon the civil service, the Blair 
Educational bill and on the Mississippi River scheme of 
improvement. While he favored the general purpose of 
the civil service law then under consideration, and after- 
ward voted for it, he contended for the perfect freedom 
of the government employe to contribute for political 
purposes. 



558 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

HOME LIFE AND CHARACTEKISTICS. 

While in the Senate he gained a wide reputation as a 
good lawyer and a strong debater. He is of a cold tem- 
perament and has a strong dislike to shaking hands. 
Application, concentration of mind, thoroughness and 
fondness for work are said to be his predominating 
characteristics. He is not regarded as a very rich man, 
but is in the enjoyment of a very large law practice. 

He owns a handsome home in Indianapolis, where his 
wife, who was a daughter of Professor Scott, of Oxford, 
receives much company. They have a married daughter, 
and a son who is becoming prominent in the politics of 
Montana Territory. General Harrison is a member of 
the Indianapolis Literary Club and occasionally takes 
part in its debates and exercises. He is also an active 
member of the First Presbyterian Church and some years 
ago taught a Bible class in the Sunday school. Person- 
ally Governor Harrison is somewhat under the average 
height, being five feet seven inches in height and 
weighing one hundred and ninety pounds, but his 
straight, strong figure, soldierly bearing and easy dignity 
of manner make him a noticeable person among men. 
His hair is very fair, and his face is clothed with a blond 
beard in which there are no streaks of gray. One term 
of ser\ice in the Senate did not encrust him with the 
veneering of Senatorial reserve. He is one of the most 
approachable of men, ready to talk upon all public sub- 
jects freely. In a word. General Harrison has exhibited 
rare qualities and attained marked success, as a lawyer, 
as an orator, as a soldier and as a statesman. In every 
position and calling he has displayed sound judgment, a 
well-balanced mind, and a character of the highest 
merit. Devoted to the cause of the Union he has 
been no less devoted to the protection of American 



OF AMERICAN" PROGRESS. 559 

rights and industries and it was his strong plea for 
Dakota which first roused the country to realize the in- 
justice done to a great body of settlers by the exclusion 
of that Territory from Statehood. As a pure, strong 
man and devoted patriot, he has strong claims on the 
confidence of the nation. On the eightli ballot of the 
Republican Convention he received 54-1: votes of the 832 
delegates and his election as the Eepublican nominee 
for President of the United States was made unanimous. 



LEVI P. MORTON. 

Levi Parsons Morton was born at Shoreham, Vt., 
May 16, 1824, being a son of the late Rev. Daniel 0. 
Morton. While his early educational advantages were 
limited to those of the common schools, his home train- 
ing and the healthful moral atmosphere in which his 
youth was passed particularly fitted him for years ol 
future usefulness and for winning for himself a success- 
ful and commanding position among men. His earliest 
experience of business was in a country store at Han- 
over, N. H. After five years he sought a wider field of 
activity in Boston, where unaided by money or influence, 
he worked his way to a memT^ership in the firm of Beebe, 
Morgan & Co., and in 1854 he came to New York and 
established the dry goods firm of Morton & Crinnell. 
In 1863 he gave up trade and entered the banking busi- 
ness. About the same time he established a partnership 
in London with Sir John Rose, former Minister of 
Finance in Canada, the house being known as Morton, 
Rose & Co. The latter were the fiscal agents of the 
United States from 1873 to 1884. The firms of which 
he was the head were active in the syndicates which 
negotiated United States bonds, and in the payment of 



560 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

the Geneva award of $15,000,000 and the Halifax award 
of $5,000,000. Mr. Morton was appointed Honorary 
Commissioner to the Paris Exposition in 18T8. 

In 1876 he was nominated for Congress by the Repub- 
licans of the Eleventh New York district and although 
not elected he very materially reduced the majority of 
his Democratic opponent. In 1878 he again received 
the nomination, and this time was successful by a large 
majority, and he was re-elected in 1880. His course in 
Congress was such as to command the admiration of his 
friends and the respect of those holding opposite politi- 
cal views. He gave strict attention to public business, 
and faithfully subserved not only the interest of his im- 
mediate constituents but of the country at large. In 
the larger field of public life he was no less progressive 
and successful than in the admirable administration of 
his private business affairs. 

Mr. Morton declined the nomination of Vice-President 
on the republican ticket in 1880. President Garfield 
tendered him the positions of Secretary of the Navy or 
Minister to France. He chose the latter and filled the 
post with great acceptance from 1881 to 1885. Through 
his efforts the restrictions upon the importation of 
American pork into France were removed and American 
corporations obtained a legal status in the sister Repub- 
lic. He was the American Commissioner to the Paris 
Electrical Commission, the Representative of this coun- 
try at the Submarine Cable Convention, and publicly 
received, in the name of the people of the United States, 
the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. 

After Mr. Conlding's resignation as United States 
Senator in 1881 Mr. Morton was prominently mentioned 
by his friends for that position and was a candidate for 
the same place in the election of 1887. 



OF AMERICAK PROGRESS. 561 

Mr. Morton has been for many years conspicuously 
connected with many benevolent movements, notably 
that of sending, in 1880, a cargo of provisions in the 
naval ship Constitution for the famine-stricken people 
of Ireland. 

Mr. Morton is regarded as a sound Republican, 
whose zeal for honest money and protection of home 
industry has been amply shown, and the fact that all 
elements of his party heartily unite upon him is an 
evidence of his honorable position. On the first ballot 
for the nominee of the Republican Convention held in 
Chicago for the Vice-Presidency Mr. Morton received 
591 votes of the 832 delegates and his nomination 
was then made unanimous. 



562 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 



THE NATIONAL REPUBLICAN PARTY. 

PLATFORM OP 1888. 

The Republicans of the United States, assembled by their 
delegates in National Convention, pause on the threshold of 
their proceedings to honor the memory of their first great 
leader, the immortal champion of liberty and the rights of 
the people — Abraham Lincoln; and to cover also with wreaths 
of imperishable remembrance and gratitude the heroic names 
of later leaders, who have been more recently called away 
from our councils — Grant, Garfield, Arthur, Logan, Coukling. 
May their memories be faithfully cherished. 

We also recall with our greetings and with prayer for his 
recovery the name of one of our living heroes whose memory 
will be treasured in the history both of Republicans and of the 
Republic — the name of that noble soldier and favorite child of 
dctory, Philip H. Sheridan. 

In the spirit of those great leaders, and of our own devotion 
to human liberty, and with that hostility to all forms of des- 
potism and oppression which is the fundamental idea of the 
Republican party, we send fraternal congratulations to our 
fellow Americans of Brazil upon their great act of emancipa- 
tion, which completed the abolition of slavery throughout the 
two American continents. We earnestly hope that we may 
soon congratulate our fellow-citizens of Irish birth upon the 
peaceful recovery of home rule for Ireland. 

We affirm our unswerving devotion to the National Consti- 
tution and to the indissoluble Union of the States; to the 
autonomy reserved to the States under the Constitution; to the 
personal rights and liberties of citizens in all the States and 
Territories in the Union, and especially to the supreme and 
sovereign right of every lawful citizen, rich or poor, native or 
foreign born, white or black, to cast one free ballot in public 
elections, and to have that ballot duly counted. We hold the 
free and honest popular ballot, and the just and equal repre- 
sentation of all the people, to be the foundation of our Repub- 
lican government, and we demand effective legislation to 
secure the integrity and purity of elections, which are the 
fountains of all public authority. We charge that the present 
administration and the Democratic majority in Congress owe 
their existence to the suppression of the ballot by a criminal 
nullification of the Constitution and laws of the United States. 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 563 

We are uncompromisingly in favor of the American system 
of protection. We protest against its destruction proposed by the 
Presfdeut and his party. Tliey serve the interests of Europe : we 
will support the interests of America. We accept the issue 
and confidently appeal to the people for their judgment. The 
protective system must be maintained. Its abandonment has 
always been followed by general disaster to all interests, except 
those of the usurer and the sheriff. We denounce the Mills 
bill as destructive to the general business, the labor and the 
farmin*'- interests of the country, and we heartily indorse the 
consistent and patriotic actions of the Republican Representa- 
tives in Congress in opposing its passage. 

We condemn the proposition of the Democratic party to 
place wool on the free list, and we insist that the duties 
thereon shall be adjusted and maintained so as to furnish full 
and adequate protection to that industry. 

The Republican party would effect all needed reduction of 
the national revenue by repealing the taxes on tobacco, which 
are an annoyance and burden to agriculture, and the tax upon 
spirits used in the arts and for mechanical purposes; and by 
such revision of the tariff laws as will tend to check nnports of 
such articles as are produced by our people, the production of 
which gives employment to our labor, and release from import 
duties those articles of foreign production (except luxuries) the 
like of which can not be produced at home. If there shall 
still remain a larger revenue than is requisite for the wants of 
the government, we favor the entire repeal of internal taxes, 
rather than the surrender of any part of our protective system 
at the joint behests of the whisky trusts and the agents of for- 
eign manufacturers. , . , ^, • 

We declare our hostility to the introduction into this coun- 
try of foreign contract labor, and of Chinese labor, alien to our 
civilization and our Constitution, and we demand the rigid 
enforcement of the existing laws against it, and favor such 
immediate legislation as will exclude such labor from our shores. 
We declare our opposition to all combinations of capital or- 
ganized in trusts or otherwise, to control arbitrarily the condi- 
tion of trade among our citizens; and we recommend to Con- 
gress, and the State legislatures in their respective_ jurisdic- 
tions such legislation as will prevent the execution^ of all 
schemes to oppress the people by undue charges on their sup- 
plies or by unjust rates for the transportation of their products 
to market. We approve the legislation by Congress to prevent 
alike unjust burdens and unfair discriminations between the 

States. . . ^- ^^- ^ A ^f 

We reaffirm the policy of appropriating the public lands ot 

the United States to be homesteads for American citizens and 



504: NATIONAL HAKD-BOOK. 

settlers, not aliens, which the Republican party established in 
1862, against the persistent opposition of the Dohk crats in 
Congress, and which has brought our great Western domain 
into such magnificent development. The restoration of un- 
earned land grants to the public domain for the use of actual 
settlers, which was begun under the administration of President 
Arthur, should be continued. We deny that the Democratic 
party has ever restored one acre to the people, but declare that 
by the joint action of Republicans and Democrats about fifty 
millions of acres of unearned lands originally granted for the 
construction of railroads have been restored to the public do- 
main, in pursuance of the conditions inserted by the Repub- 
lican party in the original grants. We charge the Democratic 
administration with failure to execute the laws securing to set- 
tlers titles to their homesteads, and with using appropriations 
made for that purpose to harass innocent settlers with spies 
and prosecutions under false pretence of exposing frauds and 
vindicating the law. 

The government by Congress of the Territories is based upon 
necessity only, to the end that they may become States in the 
Union; therefore, whenever the conditions of population, ma- 
terial resources, public intelligence and morality are such as to 
secure a stable local government therein, the people of such 
Territories should be permitted, as a right inherent in them, 
to form for themselves constitutions and State governments 
and be admitted into the Union. Pending the preparation for 
Statehood, all officers thereof should be selected from the Ijona 
fide residents and citizens of the Territory wherein they are to 
serve. South Dakota should of right be immediately admitted 
as a State in the Union, under the constitution framed and 
adopted by the people, and we heartily indorse the action of 
the Republican Senate in twice passing bills for her admis- 
sion. The refusal of the Democratic House of Representa- 
tives, for partisan purposes, to favorably consider these bills, 
is a wilful violation of the sawed American principle of local 
self-government, and merits the condemnation of all just men. 
The pending bills in the Senate for acts to enable the people of 
Washington, North Dakota, and Montana Territories to form 
constitutions and establish State governments should be passed 
without unnecessary delay. The Republican party pledges 
itself to do all in its power to facilitate the admission of the 
Territories of New Mexico, Wyoming, Idaho and Arizona to 
the enjoyment of self-government as States, such of them as 
are now qualified, as soon as possible, and the others as soon 
as they may become so. 

The political power of the Mormon Church in the Terri- 
tories, as exercised in the past, is a menace to free institutions 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 565 

Z ,A of th.t in.emgenc^ wM* is to Prese- "- J- 
°^^fTaS""ecom:re';i'th^'"l-mpt actioa be ta.eu by 

13 foreiffn commerce; for the encouragement of the shippmg 
-feS? f A«-f ,^.U a«a Paciac « as^.eU . f o. 

'^^1 Jire^Uy-* rr/iaborf activity to our various in- 

iMsmm 



566 KATIOKAL HAKD-BOOK 

and restrictions upon our commerce and for its extension into 
better markets, it has neither etfected nor proposed any others 
in their stead. Professing adherence to the Monroe doctrine, 
it has seen with idle complacency the extension of foreign in- 
fluence in Central America, and of foreign trade everywhere 
among our neighbors. It has refused to charter, sanction, or 
encourage any American organization for constructing the 
Nicaragua Canal, a work of vital importance to the maintenance 
of the Monroe doctrine, and of our national influence in Central 
and South America, and necessary for the development of trade 
with our Pacific territory, with South America, and with the 
Islands and further coasts of the Pacific Ocean. 

We arraign the present Democratic administration for its weak 
and unpatriotic treatment of the fisheries question, and its 
pusillanimous surrender of the essential privileges to which 
our fishing vessels are entitled in Canadian ports under the 
treaty of 1818, the reciprocal maritime legislation of 1830, and 
the comity of nations, and which Canadian fishing vessels 
receive in the ports of the United States. We condemn the 
policy of the present administration and the Democratic 
majority in Congress toward our fisheries as unfriendly, and 
conspicuously unpatriotic, and as tending to destroy a valuable 
National industry, and an indispensable resources of defence 
against a foreign enemy. 

The name of American applies alike to all citizens of the 
Republic, and imposes upon all alike the same obligations of 
obedience to the laws. At the same time that citizenship is and 
must be the panoply and safeguard of him who wears it, and 
protect him, whether high or low, rich or poor, in his civil 
rights. It should and must afford him protection at home, and 
follow and protect him abroad in whatever land he may be on 
a lawful errand. 

The men who abandoned the Republican party in 1884, and 
continue to adhere to the Democratic party, have deserted not 
only the cause of honest government, of sound finances, of 
freedom and purity of the ballot, but especially have deserted 
the cause of reform in the civil service. We will not fail to 
keep our pledges because they have broken theirs, or because 
their candidate has broken his. We, therefore, repeat our 
declaration of 1884, to-wit: "The reform of the civil service, 
auspiciously begun under the Republican administration, should 
be completed by the further extension of the reform system 
already established by law, to all the grades of the service to 
which it is applicable. The spirit and purpose of the reform 
should be observed in all Executive appointments, and all laws 
at variance with the object of existing reform legislation should 
be repealed, to the end that the danger to free institutions 



OF AMERICAN PROGRESS. 567 

which lurks in tlie power of oflBcial patronage may be wisely 
and effectively avoided." 

The gratitude of the Nation to the defenders of the Union 
can not be measured by laws. The legislation of Congress 
should conform to the pledges made by a loyal peo23le, and be 
so enlarged and extended as to provide against the possibility 
that any man who honorably wore the Federal uniform shall 
become an inmate of an almshouse, or dependent upon private 
charity. In the presence of an overflowing treasury it would 
be a public scandal to do less for those whose valorous service 
preserved the government. We denounce the hostile spirit 
shown by President Cleveland in his numerous vetoes of 
measures for pension relief and the action of the Democratic 
House of Representatives in refusing even a consideration of 
general pension legislation. 

In support of the principles herewith enunciated we invite 
the co-operation of patriotic men of all parties, and especially 
of all workingmen whose prosperity is seriously threatened by 
the free-trade policy of the present administration. 



568 



KATIOKAL HAND-BOOK 



THE TWO POLICIES CONTRASTED. 

A DISPASSIONATE COMPARISON BY TEE "CHRISTIAN UNION." 

Two policies are proposed. The Democratic party proposes 
to confine appropriations of public money to such sums as are 
necessary to an economical administration of the Government; 
to retain the tax on alcohol; to modify the tax on tobacco; and 
to reduce the tax on imports by admitting raw materials free 
of duty and by reducing taxes on all articles of necessity. If 
this involves some manufacturers in commercial distress, the 
party will regard the individual injury as counterbalanced by 
the general good. The Republican party proposes to abolish 
the tax on tobacco; to al)olish also the tax on alcohol used in 
the arts and manufactures; if necessary, to do away with the 
national tax on alcohol altogether; to retain the present tax on 
imports substantially unchanged ; to retain it, not because it is 
necessary for revenue, but because it will foster and promote 
American manufactures and keep up wages; and it proposes to 
accompany this policy of taxation with one of liberal appro- 
priations, not only for immediate governmental necessities, but 
for the construction of a navy and of coast fortifications, for 
river and harbor improvements, for national aid to public edu- 
cation, and for pensions. With this explanation we put the 
policies of the two parties in parallel columns, to make appre- 
hension of the difference between the two easier and clearer: 

Rep. Dem. 

Abolish. Modify. 

Reduce or abolish. Retain. 

Retain. Abolish. 

Retain. Reduce. 

Retain. Retain. 

Protection. Revenue. 

Liberal. Economical. 



Tax on tobacco. 
Tax on alcohol. 
Tax on raw materials 
Tax on necessaries. 
Tax on luxuries. 
Object of tax. 
Expenditures. 




OF AMERICAiT PROGRESS. 



569 




■ P9\M£.%^ /,,li 



CLINTON BOWEN FISK. 



General Fisk, as he is now generally called, was born in 
Griggs ville, Livingston Co., N. Y., December 8, 1828. His 
father and mother were both of Puritan stock from Rhode 
Island. His father, Benjamin Fisk, was captain of militia, and 
his grandfather had been Major-General under Washington. 
Captain Fisk was a blacksmith, wagonmaker and manufacturer 
generally for a large district of country. When Clinton B. 
was two years old, his father removed to the County of 
Lenawee in Michigan and located on the river Raisin where he 
established a new place which he called Clinton in honor of 
the governor of the State he had left behind, and of the child 
he had brought along. Here after two years his father died 
leaving a family of six boys, who as soon as possible were 
obliged to earn their own support. Clinton's turn came when 
he was nine years of age, when he was bound until he was 
twenty-one to Farmer Wright for three months' schooling every 
year and a horse, saddle and bridle, two suits of clothes and 



570 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK 

two hundred dollars at the close of his term. He lived between 
two and three years with this farmer, during which time 
he read all the books he could obtain, learned to write, usiog 
the hearthstone for his copybook and on the same slate worked 
out problems in arithmetic. His younger brother having died, 
and his mother having secured his release from the farmer, 
Clinton returned home where in varied struggles for an edu- 
cation he studied Latin. His mother married again when he 
was 13 years of age but was again soon widowed and the family 
aftervTards removed to Albion, where Clinton studied, labored, 
taught and acquired an excellent knowledge of Latin and 
Greek. But intense study had so injured his eyes that he was 
obliged to abandon his favorite studies and with them hopes 
of a collegiate education. He now engaged in mercantile 
business with Mr. L. D. Crippen, of Coldwater, whose 
daughter. Miss Jeannette A., he married in 1850. 

Mr. Crippen was the leading merchant and banker of that 
region, and the firm of Crippen & Fisk kept and increased the 
commercial standing and enterprise of the firm. The young 
partner's adaptability, goodfellow&hip and sagacity rapidly in- 
creased the business, and success seemed to attend his every step. 
He took a leading part in all social and religious movements 
and prospered in every way. But the financial crisis of 1857 
came, and though the bank met all its obligations promptly, 
the strain upon his nervous resources was too great. With 
but little money left he retired, and in 1858 removed to St. 
Louis and became the Western financial agent of the Etna 
Insurance Co. For a year he travelled over the Mississippi 
Valley and contiguous country, made many valuable acquaint- 
ances, one of them Abraham Lincoln, and among many busi- 
ness men of St. Louis and also among many in Church circles. 
When war broke out in 1860 his knowledge of both North and 
South was very extensive. He enlisted for three months as a 
private and assisted in capturing a rebel camp secretly formed 
outside of St. Louis city. When the Merchants' Exchange 
of that city was likely to cast its influence on the disunion side 
he called a meeting of Union men in the Exchange and formed 
a Union Rival Exchaunre which absorbed the old one. 



OF AMERICAif PROGRESS. 571 

In July, 1862, at President Lincoln's request, he recruited a 
regiment, being assisted with money by the Union Merchants' 
Exchange and sent it to the front in September. He then 
recruited a brigade and was commissioned Brigadier-General 
Nov. 24, 1862. One month later he proceeded with his full 
command to Helena, Arkansas, and untilJune, 1863, he was on 
duty in the department of the Tennessee where Grant was 
seeking to capture Vicksburg. 

After that his service was continuously in Missouri till the 
war closed. He was some months in command of all South-east 
Missouri, with headquarters at Pilot Knob, and for a time had 
charge of certain very lawless north-western counties, which he 
made orderly and inhabitable. Later he commanded the Dis- 
trict of St. Louis, comprising all the territory before in separate 
districts. When Sterling Price attacked the State capital, 
General Fisk was ordered to protect it, and met the emergency 
with cool tact and judgment. The forces of Price were led by 
Marmaduke and Shelby, and commanded in person by Price. 
General Fisk had only a handful of troops, but the first assault 
was met gallantly, and Price retreated with his large force. 
Fisk ordered a pursuit, and Shelby and Marmaduke were cap- 
tured ; the capital was saved. 

In February, 1865, he was made Major-General of the Mis- 
souri militia, and one month later Andrew Johnson commis- 
sioned him Major General by brevet "for faithful and 
meritorious services during the war." In May that year he was 
assigned to special duty as Assistant Commissioner of the 
Freedmeu's Bureau, in which important and delicate capacity 
he served till S^-ptember, 1866. The entire States of Kentucky 
and Tennessee, and parts of Alabama, Mississippi and Arkansas 
were under his jurisdiction. Through all that once rich terri- 
tory devastation reigned. The negroes, freed, were largely 
unwilling to work, and their notions of what they should have 
and should do, were extravagant, often absurd. To restore 
confidence between white and black, to re-adjust the relations 
of society, and to bring about that industrial status which was 
imperative, was the task General Fi§k took up. He gave it 
the best work in his power. Mild in his methods, calm always 



572 KATIOiq-AL HAN-D-BOOK 

in judgment, decisive as to conclusions, judicial in mental 
habit, he was at once in his own person a court of just appeal, 
and a commission to execute. He won general respect. Going 
up and down the region under his command, he invited before 
him the former master and slave, set forth to their mutual un- 
derstanding the law governing both, and the whole facts relat- 
ing to their mutual interest. He made each his friend. More 
than any other one man, it is safe to say, he made possible the 
rehabilitation of Southern fields, and the sure beginning of a 
better future. 

Out of this work grew, naturally, the institution of learning 
for colored youth, known now as Fisk University, at Nashville. 
General Fisk early saw the need of such liberal helps for the 
Freedmen, and his influence has been constant in their behalf. 

General Fisk resigned from the army in the fall of 1866, after 
over four years' unremitting service, and since then has been 
busily occupied with railroad, banking and ecclesiastical affairs. 
For eight years he was treasurer of the Missouri Pacific Rail- 
road; since 1879 he has resided in New Jersey, with headquar- 
ters in New York. In Missouri he declined all political honors 
when urged upon him. 

In 1884 he came out from the Republican party, whose great 
leaders — Lincoln, Grant, Greeley, and others — had been his in- 
timate friends, and supported St. John. Two years ago he 
consented, as a matter of duty and sacrifice, to lead the Pro- 
hibition campaign in New Jersey, and as candidate for Gov- 
ernor polled about 20,000 votes — a three-fold increase of the 
vote previously cast. In that campaign he made one hundred 
and twenty-five engagements to speak, filled them all, and was 
never five minutes late. To meet these he travelled five thou- 
sand miles. 

General Fisk is of portly build, with rather short gray beard, 
partly veiling a face roundish in outline, rising to a forehead 
high and intellectual. The rather rotund figure and the genial 
countenance are suggestive of comfortable living, little care and 
happy temperament. 

His wonderful aptness of extempore address, his choice 
command of language, his unfailing good humor, and his 



OF AMERICANS- PROGRESS. 5?3 

magnetic charm, have made him a general favorite in ecclesias- 
tical bodies, in party gatherings, and in commercial assemblies, 
whenever speech-making came in order. There is no man ia 
all our country more popular as an off-hand talker than Gen. 
Fisk; no man, it may be added, whose talking gifts have been 
tested in more various ways, or on wider fields. He could 
speak to his newly-recruited regiment of soldiers in St. Louis 
with such persuasiveness that they agreed he should do all 
their swearing, well aware he would not swear a word. In 
camp, at the front, he could lead a prayer meeting with tender 
exhortation and fervent appeal. When Reconstruction days 
came on he could gather thousands, white and black, upon 
some Southern plantation, and win them to ready acceptance 
of the great change from slavery to freedom. And in these 
later years, South and North, at the General Conference of his 
church, as a fraternal delegate with Southern brethern, in the 
great Convention at Pittsburgh which nominated St. John, at 
some great business banquet where capital massed itself, or 
where old army comrades met in annual reunion — oftener than 
almost any other American he has been called to say the word 
most fitting, to lend the final grace of flowing rhetoric and 
felicitous quotation. 

Scrupulous of his every duty, considerate of all men, the 
soul of personal honor, sensitive as a woman, Clinton B. Fisk 
shrinks from political warfare, and protests against all prefer- 
ment as a political leader. The most conspicuous layman in 
the Methodist Church, to which, as a boy of ten, he gave him- 
self, he gives to religious and denominational progress his chief 
concern ; but he sees how closely the Church of God is related 
to this question of the ages, and his whole heart is alive, his 
entire nature consecrated to the moral issue now up for settle- 
ment along political lines. He will refuse no clear call of duty, 
whatever to him the cost. 

Such is the briefest outline of the life of him who attained 
by acclamation the nomination of candidate for the Presidency 
by the National Convention of the Prohibition Party held at 
Indianapolis in May, 1888. 



574 ]^ATIONAL HAK"D-BOOK 

JOHN" A. BROOKS, D.D. 

John A. Brooks, the nominee of the Prohibition party for 
the Vice-Presidency, was born in Mason County, Ky., June 3, 
1836. His father and mother were both Virginians. His 
motlier was related to the Cooks and Andersons of Virginia, 
many of whom have figured in political life. His father was a 
prominent preacher in the Church to which the Doctor belongs. 

Young Brooks was brought up on a farm; was educated at 
Bethany College, Va., then under the charge of Alexander 
Campbell; graduated from there in 1856, receiving afterwards 
from his Alma Mater the degree of A.M. ; was for two years 
President of Flemingsburg College, in Kentucky, and, resign- 
ing that position, entered the ministry. He is a leading man 
in his denomination, both as an evangelist and a pastor. 

When 15 years old he became a public advocate of temper- 
ance under the direction of Elijah Currans, G. W. P. of Ken- 
tucky. He was among the early supporters of Prohibition, 
hoping, with the great mass of temperance people in the South, 
to gain it through the Democratic party. He has been the life 
and soul of one of the most notable struggles for State Pro- 
hibition made in the nation. 

In 1880 Dr. Brooks and 35 others, at a meeting at Sedalia, 
organized the Prohibition Alliance of Missouri. Dr. Brooks 
was chosen President, and for four years, at his own risk and 
without salary, he canvassed 100 counties of the State in the 
interest of submission. The first year's canvass (1880) resulted 
in the election of a Legislature pledged to submit, but political 
machinations caused the defeat of the amendment by two or 
three votes in the Senate. The Downing High License law 
was enacted as a compromise measure. 

But the liquor interests were greatly alarmed, and in 1882 
the brewers employed United States Senator Geo. G. Vest, the 
foremost Democratic leader and orator of Missouri, to canvass 
the State in their interest. Dr. Brooks's friends challenged 
Senator Vest to a joint discussion, but he had already made a 
list of appointments and could not change them. Despite 
Senator Vest's exertions, another Legislature pledged to sub- 



OF AMEKICAN- PROGRESS. 575 

mission, was chosen. Agaia the amendment- failed by down- 
right betrayal of the promises made. 

Disgusted with the Democratic party. Dr. Brooks now looked 
with favor upon the Prohibition party, and when the canvass 
of 1884 opened he declared himself a member of it. In that 
year he was unanimously nominated for Governor, both by 
the Alliance and the party Prohibitionists. It was hoped that 
the Republicans would make no nomination and leave the field 
to Dr. Brooks and Gen. Marmaduke, the Democratic candidate. 
But the Republican party preferred defeat under the leader- 
ship of a liquor man to success under a Prohibitionist. 

The campaign was very exciting. Senator Vest gave his 
whole time to combating Prohibition. Dr. Brooks, almost 
alone on the other side, canvassed the State as best he could 
with the limited resources at his command. Although Mr. 
Cleveland carried Missouri by over 30,000 majority, Marma- 
duke's majority was only 420. Dr. Brooks jDoUed five times as 
many votes as were cast at the same election for St. John. 

The agitation of 1880-4 gave an impetus to Prohibition in 
Missouri that has been followed by phenomenal progress. In 
1886 the W. C. T. U. took up the Constitutional Prohibition 
struggle, another Legislature supposed to be in favor of sub- 
mission was elected, the Amendment was defeated by a few 
votes, and the Wood Local Option law, under which 65 
counties and 14 cities have been carried for Prohibition, was 
passed as a compromise. 

Since 1884 Dr. Brooks has been actively engaged in the 
lecture field, speaking from Maine to Texas, and from Wiscon- 
sin to Alabama. As the General Agent of the National Prohi- 
bition Bureau for the Southwest, he has done splendid service 
and much of the rapid advance made by the Prohibition party 
in the States of Texas, Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama, as 
well as Missouri, is the result of his personal influence. 



THE NATIONAL HAND BOOK OF 

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